Reduction of Lead Oxide (PbO2) and Release of Pb(II) in Mixtures of Natural Organic Matter, Free Chlorine and Monochloramine
The primary focus of this paper is to elucidate the influence of mixtures of natural organic matter (NOM) and free chlorine and NOM and monochloramine on the reduction of PbO2 in drinking water. Parallel experiments using PbO2 particles of two different sizes (∼20 and ∼200 nm) were conducted to expl...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Environmental science & technology 2009-05, Vol.43 (10), p.3872-3877 |
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| creator | Lin, Yi-Pin Valentine, Richard L |
| description | The primary focus of this paper is to elucidate the influence of mixtures of natural organic matter (NOM) and free chlorine and NOM and monochloramine on the reduction of PbO2 in drinking water. Parallel experiments using PbO2 particles of two different sizes (∼20 and ∼200 nm) were conducted to explore the effects of particle size on this process. In the absence of NOM, reduction of PbO2 was observed in monochloramine solutions but not in free chlorine solutions. In the presence of NOM, significant Pb(II) formation was observed in disinfectant-free solutions. The release of Pb(II) was suppressed by the additional presence of free chlorine until the point in time when free chlorine was exhausted. Monochloramine also repressed Pb(II) formation in the presence of NOM but not as significantly as free chlorine. The presence of NOM and monochloramine does not necessarily act additively or synergistically due to complex interactions including reduction of PbO2 by NOM, monochloramine mediated reduction of PbO2, and oxidation of NOM by monochloramine. Higher surface area-normalized Pb(II) formation was found in experiments using larger PbO2 particles. The high reactivity generally associated with nanoparticles was not observed in our study. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1021/es900375a |
| format | Article |
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Parallel experiments using PbO2 particles of two different sizes (∼20 and ∼200 nm) were conducted to explore the effects of particle size on this process. In the absence of NOM, reduction of PbO2 was observed in monochloramine solutions but not in free chlorine solutions. In the presence of NOM, significant Pb(II) formation was observed in disinfectant-free solutions. The release of Pb(II) was suppressed by the additional presence of free chlorine until the point in time when free chlorine was exhausted. Monochloramine also repressed Pb(II) formation in the presence of NOM but not as significantly as free chlorine. The presence of NOM and monochloramine does not necessarily act additively or synergistically due to complex interactions including reduction of PbO2 by NOM, monochloramine mediated reduction of PbO2, and oxidation of NOM by monochloramine. Higher surface area-normalized Pb(II) formation was found in experiments using larger PbO2 particles. The high reactivity generally associated with nanoparticles was not observed in our study.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0013-936X</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1520-5851</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1021/es900375a</identifier><identifier>PMID: 19544901</identifier><identifier>CODEN: ESTHAG</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Washington, DC: American Chemical Society</publisher><subject>Applied sciences ; Chloramines - chemistry ; Chlorine ; Chlorine - chemistry ; Disinfectants - chemistry ; Drinking water ; Environment ; Exact sciences and technology ; Lead ; Lead - chemistry ; Nanoparticles ; Organic Chemicals - chemistry ; Oxidation-Reduction ; Oxides - chemistry ; Particle Size ; Pollution ; Remediation and Control Technologies ; Studies ; Surface Properties ; Time Factors ; Ultraviolet Rays</subject><ispartof>Environmental science & technology, 2009-05, Vol.43 (10), p.3872-3877</ispartof><rights>Copyright © 2009 American Chemical Society</rights><rights>2009 INIST-CNRS</rights><rights>Copyright American Chemical Society May 15, 2009</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-a402t-e9c551b474b10479cd242c5773dcec285615bfe6bb10379567f26037b9b1bdca3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-a402t-e9c551b474b10479cd242c5773dcec285615bfe6bb10379567f26037b9b1bdca3</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://pubs.acs.org/doi/pdf/10.1021/es900375a$$EPDF$$P50$$Gacs$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/es900375a$$EHTML$$P50$$Gacs$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,780,784,2763,27074,27922,27923,56736,56786</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttp://pascal-francis.inist.fr/vibad/index.php?action=getRecordDetail&idt=21500964$$DView record in Pascal Francis$$Hfree_for_read</backlink><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19544901$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Lin, Yi-Pin</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Valentine, Richard L</creatorcontrib><title>Reduction of Lead Oxide (PbO2) and Release of Pb(II) in Mixtures of Natural Organic Matter, Free Chlorine and Monochloramine</title><title>Environmental science & technology</title><addtitle>Environ. Sci. Technol</addtitle><description>The primary focus of this paper is to elucidate the influence of mixtures of natural organic matter (NOM) and free chlorine and NOM and monochloramine on the reduction of PbO2 in drinking water. Parallel experiments using PbO2 particles of two different sizes (∼20 and ∼200 nm) were conducted to explore the effects of particle size on this process. In the absence of NOM, reduction of PbO2 was observed in monochloramine solutions but not in free chlorine solutions. In the presence of NOM, significant Pb(II) formation was observed in disinfectant-free solutions. The release of Pb(II) was suppressed by the additional presence of free chlorine until the point in time when free chlorine was exhausted. Monochloramine also repressed Pb(II) formation in the presence of NOM but not as significantly as free chlorine. The presence of NOM and monochloramine does not necessarily act additively or synergistically due to complex interactions including reduction of PbO2 by NOM, monochloramine mediated reduction of PbO2, and oxidation of NOM by monochloramine. Higher surface area-normalized Pb(II) formation was found in experiments using larger PbO2 particles. The high reactivity generally associated with nanoparticles was not observed in our study.</description><subject>Applied sciences</subject><subject>Chloramines - chemistry</subject><subject>Chlorine</subject><subject>Chlorine - chemistry</subject><subject>Disinfectants - chemistry</subject><subject>Drinking water</subject><subject>Environment</subject><subject>Exact sciences and technology</subject><subject>Lead</subject><subject>Lead - chemistry</subject><subject>Nanoparticles</subject><subject>Organic Chemicals - chemistry</subject><subject>Oxidation-Reduction</subject><subject>Oxides - chemistry</subject><subject>Particle Size</subject><subject>Pollution</subject><subject>Remediation and Control Technologies</subject><subject>Studies</subject><subject>Surface Properties</subject><subject>Time Factors</subject><subject>Ultraviolet Rays</subject><issn>0013-936X</issn><issn>1520-5851</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2009</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><recordid>eNpl0V1rFDEUBuAgit1WL_wDEgSxC47mczK5lMXqwq5bioJ3Q5I5oymzSU1moAV_vBm7dEGvcjh5ODnkRegFJe8oYfQ9ZE0IV9I8QgsqGalkI-ljtCCE8krz-vsJOs35mhDCOGmeohOqpRCa0AX6fQXd5EYfA4493oDp8O7Wd4DPL-2OLbEJHb6CAUyGGVza8_V6iX3AW387Tgny3P1iSmkGvEs_TPAOb804QnqLLxIAXv0cYvIB_o7axhDd3DD70nqGnvRmyPD8cJ6hbxcfv64-V5vdp_Xqw6YygrCxAu2kpFYoYSkRSruOCeakUrxz4FgjayptD7Ut11xpWaue1aWy2lLbOcPP0Jv7uTcp_pogj-3eZwfDYALEKbdNLbTkQqoiX_0jr-OUQlmuLV9HZcPVjJb3yKWYc4K-vUl-b9JdS0k7B9I-BFLsy8PAye6hO8pDAgW8PgCTnRn6ZILz-cExKgnRtTg64_Jxqf8f_AMjYZvv</recordid><startdate>20090515</startdate><enddate>20090515</enddate><creator>Lin, Yi-Pin</creator><creator>Valentine, Richard L</creator><general>American Chemical Society</general><scope>IQODW</scope><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7QO</scope><scope>7ST</scope><scope>7T7</scope><scope>7U7</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>FR3</scope><scope>P64</scope><scope>SOI</scope><scope>7QH</scope><scope>7UA</scope><scope>F1W</scope><scope>H97</scope><scope>L.G</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20090515</creationdate><title>Reduction of Lead Oxide (PbO2) and Release of Pb(II) in Mixtures of Natural Organic Matter, Free Chlorine and Monochloramine</title><author>Lin, Yi-Pin ; Valentine, Richard L</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-a402t-e9c551b474b10479cd242c5773dcec285615bfe6bb10379567f26037b9b1bdca3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2009</creationdate><topic>Applied sciences</topic><topic>Chloramines - chemistry</topic><topic>Chlorine</topic><topic>Chlorine - chemistry</topic><topic>Disinfectants - chemistry</topic><topic>Drinking water</topic><topic>Environment</topic><topic>Exact sciences and technology</topic><topic>Lead</topic><topic>Lead - chemistry</topic><topic>Nanoparticles</topic><topic>Organic Chemicals - chemistry</topic><topic>Oxidation-Reduction</topic><topic>Oxides - chemistry</topic><topic>Particle Size</topic><topic>Pollution</topic><topic>Remediation and Control Technologies</topic><topic>Studies</topic><topic>Surface Properties</topic><topic>Time Factors</topic><topic>Ultraviolet Rays</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Lin, Yi-Pin</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Valentine, Richard L</creatorcontrib><collection>Pascal-Francis</collection><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Biotechnology Research Abstracts</collection><collection>Environment Abstracts</collection><collection>Industrial and Applied Microbiology Abstracts (Microbiology A)</collection><collection>Toxicology Abstracts</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management</collection><collection>Engineering Research Database</collection><collection>Biotechnology and BioEngineering Abstracts</collection><collection>Environment Abstracts</collection><collection>Aqualine</collection><collection>Water Resources Abstracts</collection><collection>ASFA: Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Abstracts</collection><collection>Aquatic Science & Fisheries Abstracts (ASFA) 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality</collection><collection>Aquatic Science & Fisheries Abstracts (ASFA) Professional</collection><jtitle>Environmental science & technology</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Lin, Yi-Pin</au><au>Valentine, Richard L</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Reduction of Lead Oxide (PbO2) and Release of Pb(II) in Mixtures of Natural Organic Matter, Free Chlorine and Monochloramine</atitle><jtitle>Environmental science & technology</jtitle><addtitle>Environ. Sci. Technol</addtitle><date>2009-05-15</date><risdate>2009</risdate><volume>43</volume><issue>10</issue><spage>3872</spage><epage>3877</epage><pages>3872-3877</pages><issn>0013-936X</issn><eissn>1520-5851</eissn><coden>ESTHAG</coden><abstract>The primary focus of this paper is to elucidate the influence of mixtures of natural organic matter (NOM) and free chlorine and NOM and monochloramine on the reduction of PbO2 in drinking water. Parallel experiments using PbO2 particles of two different sizes (∼20 and ∼200 nm) were conducted to explore the effects of particle size on this process. In the absence of NOM, reduction of PbO2 was observed in monochloramine solutions but not in free chlorine solutions. In the presence of NOM, significant Pb(II) formation was observed in disinfectant-free solutions. The release of Pb(II) was suppressed by the additional presence of free chlorine until the point in time when free chlorine was exhausted. Monochloramine also repressed Pb(II) formation in the presence of NOM but not as significantly as free chlorine. The presence of NOM and monochloramine does not necessarily act additively or synergistically due to complex interactions including reduction of PbO2 by NOM, monochloramine mediated reduction of PbO2, and oxidation of NOM by monochloramine. Higher surface area-normalized Pb(II) formation was found in experiments using larger PbO2 particles. The high reactivity generally associated with nanoparticles was not observed in our study.</abstract><cop>Washington, DC</cop><pub>American Chemical Society</pub><pmid>19544901</pmid><doi>10.1021/es900375a</doi><tpages>6</tpages></addata></record> |
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| subjects | Applied sciences Chloramines - chemistry Chlorine Chlorine - chemistry Disinfectants - chemistry Drinking water Environment Exact sciences and technology Lead Lead - chemistry Nanoparticles Organic Chemicals - chemistry Oxidation-Reduction Oxides - chemistry Particle Size Pollution Remediation and Control Technologies Studies Surface Properties Time Factors Ultraviolet Rays |
| title | Reduction of Lead Oxide (PbO2) and Release of Pb(II) in Mixtures of Natural Organic Matter, Free Chlorine and Monochloramine |
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