Life expectancy, standardized mortality ratios, and causes of death in six rheumatic diseases in Hong Kong, China
Objective To examine the life expectancy, standardized mortality ratios (SMRs), and causes of death in 6 groups of patients from Hong Kong with different rheumatic diseases. Methods Patients with a diagnosis of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), rheumatoid arthritis (RA), ankylosing spondylitis (AS...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Arthritis & rheumatology (Hoboken, N.J.) N.J.), 2011-05, Vol.63 (5), p.1182-1189 |
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| creator | Mok, C. C. Kwok, C. L. Ho, L. Y. Chan, P. T. Yip, S. F. |
| description | Objective
To examine the life expectancy, standardized mortality ratios (SMRs), and causes of death in 6 groups of patients from Hong Kong with different rheumatic diseases.
Methods
Patients with a diagnosis of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), rheumatoid arthritis (RA), ankylosing spondylitis (AS), psoriatic arthritis (PsA), systemic vasculitis (SV), or systemic sclerosis (SSc) registered in 37 public hospitals between 1999 and 2008 were identified in the hospital registry. SMRs were calculated by comparing the mortality rate in patients with each disease with that in the general population. Life expectancy was calculated by abridged life‐table analysis, and the causes of death were compared.
Results
In 2008, data on 8,367 RA, 5,243 SLE, 2,154 AS, 1,636 SV, 778 PsA, and 449 SSc patients were available in our registry. The age‐ and sex‐adjusted SMRs were highest for SLE (5.25 [95% confidence interval 4.79–5.70]), SSc (3.94 [95% confidence interval 3.20–4.68]), and SV (2.64 [95% confidence interval 2.36–2.93]). In female patients, the loss in life expectancy was greatest for SSc (34.1 years), SV (19.3 years), and SLE (19.7 years). In male patients, the loss in life expectancy was highest for SV (28.3 years), SLE (27 years), and SSc (16 years). There were 2,486 deaths during the study period (1999–2008), and the principal causes were infections (28%), cardiovascular complications (18%), cancer (16%), and disease activity (7%). Infection was the leading cause of death in SLE, RA, AS, and PsA, whereas deaths from disease‐related activity and cardiovascular complications were most frequent in SSc. Cancer was the most common cause of death in SV.
Conclusion
Our findings indicate that patients with SLE, RA, AS, PsA, SV, and SSc have increased mortality rates and reduced life expectancy. SLE has the highest adjusted SMR, and female SSc patients have the greatest loss in life expectancy. Infection is the leading cause of death, followed by cardiovascular complications and malignancies. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1002/art.30277 |
| format | Article |
| fullrecord | <record><control><sourceid>proquest_cross</sourceid><recordid>TN_cdi_proquest_miscellaneous_864787290</recordid><sourceformat>XML</sourceformat><sourcesystem>PC</sourcesystem><sourcerecordid>864787290</sourcerecordid><originalsourceid>FETCH-LOGICAL-c4487-753f09865de0f1806603ebee6947efa734683d27589ec50ba69766998c39f8a13</originalsourceid><addsrcrecordid>eNp10d1rFDEQAPAgFnutPvgPSECkCLdtstnNx2M51JYeFKQ-h7nsxEvZj2uyS3v-9c15VwXBlwxhfswkM4S85-ycM1ZeQBzPBSuVekVmvC5Nwbjgr8mMMVYVojb8mJykdJ-vpajFG3JccmE4N3pGHpbBI8WnDboRered05RjA7EJv7Ch3RBHaMO4pRHGMKQ5zUnqYEqY6OBpgzCuaehpCk80rnHqMnO0CQlhR3Lmauh_0pt8zOliHXp4S448tAnfHeIp-fH1y93iqljefrteXC4LV1VaFaoWnhkt6waZ55pJyQSuEKWpFHpQopJaNKWqtUFXsxVIo6Q0RjthvAYuTsnZvu4mDg8TptF2ITlsW-hxmJLVslJalYZl-fEfeT9Msc-Ps7zmigmjlcnq8165OKQU0dtNDB3EreXM7tZg8xrs7zVk--FQcVp12PyRL3PP4NMBQHLQ-phnH9JfV5VcK7H7xMXePYYWt__vaC-_3-1bPwNDx5zr</addsrcrecordid><sourcetype>Aggregation Database</sourcetype><iscdi>true</iscdi><recordtype>article</recordtype><pqid>1517039879</pqid></control><display><type>article</type><title>Life expectancy, standardized mortality ratios, and causes of death in six rheumatic diseases in Hong Kong, China</title><source>MEDLINE</source><source>Wiley Online Library Journals Frontfile Complete</source><creator>Mok, C. C. ; Kwok, C. L. ; Ho, L. Y. ; Chan, P. T. ; Yip, S. F.</creator><creatorcontrib>Mok, C. C. ; Kwok, C. L. ; Ho, L. Y. ; Chan, P. T. ; Yip, S. F.</creatorcontrib><description>Objective
To examine the life expectancy, standardized mortality ratios (SMRs), and causes of death in 6 groups of patients from Hong Kong with different rheumatic diseases.
Methods
Patients with a diagnosis of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), rheumatoid arthritis (RA), ankylosing spondylitis (AS), psoriatic arthritis (PsA), systemic vasculitis (SV), or systemic sclerosis (SSc) registered in 37 public hospitals between 1999 and 2008 were identified in the hospital registry. SMRs were calculated by comparing the mortality rate in patients with each disease with that in the general population. Life expectancy was calculated by abridged life‐table analysis, and the causes of death were compared.
Results
In 2008, data on 8,367 RA, 5,243 SLE, 2,154 AS, 1,636 SV, 778 PsA, and 449 SSc patients were available in our registry. The age‐ and sex‐adjusted SMRs were highest for SLE (5.25 [95% confidence interval 4.79–5.70]), SSc (3.94 [95% confidence interval 3.20–4.68]), and SV (2.64 [95% confidence interval 2.36–2.93]). In female patients, the loss in life expectancy was greatest for SSc (34.1 years), SV (19.3 years), and SLE (19.7 years). In male patients, the loss in life expectancy was highest for SV (28.3 years), SLE (27 years), and SSc (16 years). There were 2,486 deaths during the study period (1999–2008), and the principal causes were infections (28%), cardiovascular complications (18%), cancer (16%), and disease activity (7%). Infection was the leading cause of death in SLE, RA, AS, and PsA, whereas deaths from disease‐related activity and cardiovascular complications were most frequent in SSc. Cancer was the most common cause of death in SV.
Conclusion
Our findings indicate that patients with SLE, RA, AS, PsA, SV, and SSc have increased mortality rates and reduced life expectancy. SLE has the highest adjusted SMR, and female SSc patients have the greatest loss in life expectancy. Infection is the leading cause of death, followed by cardiovascular complications and malignancies.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0004-3591</identifier><identifier>ISSN: 2326-5191</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1529-0131</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 2326-5205</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1002/art.30277</identifier><identifier>PMID: 21391198</identifier><identifier>CODEN: ARHEAW</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Hoboken: Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company</publisher><subject>Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Autoimmune diseases ; Biological and medical sciences ; Cause of Death ; Chi-Square Distribution ; Confidence intervals ; Disease ; Diseases of the osteoarticular system ; Female ; Hong Kong - epidemiology ; Humans ; Life Expectancy ; Male ; Medical sciences ; Middle Aged ; Miscellaneous. Osteoarticular involvement in other diseases ; Mortality ; Ratios ; Rheumatic diseases ; Rheumatic Diseases - mortality ; Sex Factors</subject><ispartof>Arthritis & rheumatology (Hoboken, N.J.), 2011-05, Vol.63 (5), p.1182-1189</ispartof><rights>Copyright © 2011 by the American College of Rheumatology</rights><rights>2015 INIST-CNRS</rights><rights>Copyright © 2011 by the American College of Rheumatology.</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c4487-753f09865de0f1806603ebee6947efa734683d27589ec50ba69766998c39f8a13</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c4487-753f09865de0f1806603ebee6947efa734683d27589ec50ba69766998c39f8a13</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002%2Fart.30277$$EPDF$$P50$$Gwiley$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002%2Fart.30277$$EHTML$$P50$$Gwiley$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,776,780,1411,27901,27902,45550,45551</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttp://pascal-francis.inist.fr/vibad/index.php?action=getRecordDetail&idt=24218731$$DView record in Pascal Francis$$Hfree_for_read</backlink><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21391198$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Mok, C. C.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kwok, C. L.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ho, L. Y.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Chan, P. T.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Yip, S. F.</creatorcontrib><title>Life expectancy, standardized mortality ratios, and causes of death in six rheumatic diseases in Hong Kong, China</title><title>Arthritis & rheumatology (Hoboken, N.J.)</title><addtitle>Arthritis Rheum</addtitle><description>Objective
To examine the life expectancy, standardized mortality ratios (SMRs), and causes of death in 6 groups of patients from Hong Kong with different rheumatic diseases.
Methods
Patients with a diagnosis of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), rheumatoid arthritis (RA), ankylosing spondylitis (AS), psoriatic arthritis (PsA), systemic vasculitis (SV), or systemic sclerosis (SSc) registered in 37 public hospitals between 1999 and 2008 were identified in the hospital registry. SMRs were calculated by comparing the mortality rate in patients with each disease with that in the general population. Life expectancy was calculated by abridged life‐table analysis, and the causes of death were compared.
Results
In 2008, data on 8,367 RA, 5,243 SLE, 2,154 AS, 1,636 SV, 778 PsA, and 449 SSc patients were available in our registry. The age‐ and sex‐adjusted SMRs were highest for SLE (5.25 [95% confidence interval 4.79–5.70]), SSc (3.94 [95% confidence interval 3.20–4.68]), and SV (2.64 [95% confidence interval 2.36–2.93]). In female patients, the loss in life expectancy was greatest for SSc (34.1 years), SV (19.3 years), and SLE (19.7 years). In male patients, the loss in life expectancy was highest for SV (28.3 years), SLE (27 years), and SSc (16 years). There were 2,486 deaths during the study period (1999–2008), and the principal causes were infections (28%), cardiovascular complications (18%), cancer (16%), and disease activity (7%). Infection was the leading cause of death in SLE, RA, AS, and PsA, whereas deaths from disease‐related activity and cardiovascular complications were most frequent in SSc. Cancer was the most common cause of death in SV.
Conclusion
Our findings indicate that patients with SLE, RA, AS, PsA, SV, and SSc have increased mortality rates and reduced life expectancy. SLE has the highest adjusted SMR, and female SSc patients have the greatest loss in life expectancy. Infection is the leading cause of death, followed by cardiovascular complications and malignancies.</description><subject>Adult</subject><subject>Aged</subject><subject>Aged, 80 and over</subject><subject>Autoimmune diseases</subject><subject>Biological and medical sciences</subject><subject>Cause of Death</subject><subject>Chi-Square Distribution</subject><subject>Confidence intervals</subject><subject>Disease</subject><subject>Diseases of the osteoarticular system</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>Hong Kong - epidemiology</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Life Expectancy</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>Medical sciences</subject><subject>Middle Aged</subject><subject>Miscellaneous. Osteoarticular involvement in other diseases</subject><subject>Mortality</subject><subject>Ratios</subject><subject>Rheumatic diseases</subject><subject>Rheumatic Diseases - mortality</subject><subject>Sex Factors</subject><issn>0004-3591</issn><issn>2326-5191</issn><issn>1529-0131</issn><issn>2326-5205</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2011</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><recordid>eNp10d1rFDEQAPAgFnutPvgPSECkCLdtstnNx2M51JYeFKQ-h7nsxEvZj2uyS3v-9c15VwXBlwxhfswkM4S85-ycM1ZeQBzPBSuVekVmvC5Nwbjgr8mMMVYVojb8mJykdJ-vpajFG3JccmE4N3pGHpbBI8WnDboRered05RjA7EJv7Ch3RBHaMO4pRHGMKQ5zUnqYEqY6OBpgzCuaehpCk80rnHqMnO0CQlhR3Lmauh_0pt8zOliHXp4S448tAnfHeIp-fH1y93iqljefrteXC4LV1VaFaoWnhkt6waZ55pJyQSuEKWpFHpQopJaNKWqtUFXsxVIo6Q0RjthvAYuTsnZvu4mDg8TptF2ITlsW-hxmJLVslJalYZl-fEfeT9Msc-Ps7zmigmjlcnq8165OKQU0dtNDB3EreXM7tZg8xrs7zVk--FQcVp12PyRL3PP4NMBQHLQ-phnH9JfV5VcK7H7xMXePYYWt__vaC-_3-1bPwNDx5zr</recordid><startdate>201105</startdate><enddate>201105</enddate><creator>Mok, C. C.</creator><creator>Kwok, C. L.</creator><creator>Ho, L. Y.</creator><creator>Chan, P. T.</creator><creator>Yip, S. F.</creator><general>Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company</general><general>Wiley</general><general>Wiley Subscription Services, Inc</general><scope>IQODW</scope><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7QL</scope><scope>7QP</scope><scope>7T5</scope><scope>7TM</scope><scope>7U7</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>H94</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>7X8</scope></search><sort><creationdate>201105</creationdate><title>Life expectancy, standardized mortality ratios, and causes of death in six rheumatic diseases in Hong Kong, China</title><author>Mok, C. C. ; Kwok, C. L. ; Ho, L. Y. ; Chan, P. T. ; Yip, S. F.</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c4487-753f09865de0f1806603ebee6947efa734683d27589ec50ba69766998c39f8a13</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2011</creationdate><topic>Adult</topic><topic>Aged</topic><topic>Aged, 80 and over</topic><topic>Autoimmune diseases</topic><topic>Biological and medical sciences</topic><topic>Cause of Death</topic><topic>Chi-Square Distribution</topic><topic>Confidence intervals</topic><topic>Disease</topic><topic>Diseases of the osteoarticular system</topic><topic>Female</topic><topic>Hong Kong - epidemiology</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Life Expectancy</topic><topic>Male</topic><topic>Medical sciences</topic><topic>Middle Aged</topic><topic>Miscellaneous. Osteoarticular involvement in other diseases</topic><topic>Mortality</topic><topic>Ratios</topic><topic>Rheumatic diseases</topic><topic>Rheumatic Diseases - mortality</topic><topic>Sex Factors</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Mok, C. C.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kwok, C. L.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ho, L. Y.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Chan, P. T.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Yip, S. F.</creatorcontrib><collection>Pascal-Francis</collection><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Bacteriology Abstracts (Microbiology B)</collection><collection>Calcium & Calcified Tissue Abstracts</collection><collection>Immunology Abstracts</collection><collection>Nucleic Acids Abstracts</collection><collection>Toxicology Abstracts</collection><collection>Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management</collection><collection>AIDS and Cancer Research Abstracts</collection><collection>ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><jtitle>Arthritis & rheumatology (Hoboken, N.J.)</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Mok, C. C.</au><au>Kwok, C. L.</au><au>Ho, L. Y.</au><au>Chan, P. T.</au><au>Yip, S. F.</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Life expectancy, standardized mortality ratios, and causes of death in six rheumatic diseases in Hong Kong, China</atitle><jtitle>Arthritis & rheumatology (Hoboken, N.J.)</jtitle><addtitle>Arthritis Rheum</addtitle><date>2011-05</date><risdate>2011</risdate><volume>63</volume><issue>5</issue><spage>1182</spage><epage>1189</epage><pages>1182-1189</pages><issn>0004-3591</issn><issn>2326-5191</issn><eissn>1529-0131</eissn><eissn>2326-5205</eissn><coden>ARHEAW</coden><abstract>Objective
To examine the life expectancy, standardized mortality ratios (SMRs), and causes of death in 6 groups of patients from Hong Kong with different rheumatic diseases.
Methods
Patients with a diagnosis of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), rheumatoid arthritis (RA), ankylosing spondylitis (AS), psoriatic arthritis (PsA), systemic vasculitis (SV), or systemic sclerosis (SSc) registered in 37 public hospitals between 1999 and 2008 were identified in the hospital registry. SMRs were calculated by comparing the mortality rate in patients with each disease with that in the general population. Life expectancy was calculated by abridged life‐table analysis, and the causes of death were compared.
Results
In 2008, data on 8,367 RA, 5,243 SLE, 2,154 AS, 1,636 SV, 778 PsA, and 449 SSc patients were available in our registry. The age‐ and sex‐adjusted SMRs were highest for SLE (5.25 [95% confidence interval 4.79–5.70]), SSc (3.94 [95% confidence interval 3.20–4.68]), and SV (2.64 [95% confidence interval 2.36–2.93]). In female patients, the loss in life expectancy was greatest for SSc (34.1 years), SV (19.3 years), and SLE (19.7 years). In male patients, the loss in life expectancy was highest for SV (28.3 years), SLE (27 years), and SSc (16 years). There were 2,486 deaths during the study period (1999–2008), and the principal causes were infections (28%), cardiovascular complications (18%), cancer (16%), and disease activity (7%). Infection was the leading cause of death in SLE, RA, AS, and PsA, whereas deaths from disease‐related activity and cardiovascular complications were most frequent in SSc. Cancer was the most common cause of death in SV.
Conclusion
Our findings indicate that patients with SLE, RA, AS, PsA, SV, and SSc have increased mortality rates and reduced life expectancy. SLE has the highest adjusted SMR, and female SSc patients have the greatest loss in life expectancy. Infection is the leading cause of death, followed by cardiovascular complications and malignancies.</abstract><cop>Hoboken</cop><pub>Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company</pub><pmid>21391198</pmid><doi>10.1002/art.30277</doi><tpages>8</tpages></addata></record> |
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| ispartof | Arthritis & rheumatology (Hoboken, N.J.), 2011-05, Vol.63 (5), p.1182-1189 |
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| source | MEDLINE; Wiley Online Library Journals Frontfile Complete |
| subjects | Adult Aged Aged, 80 and over Autoimmune diseases Biological and medical sciences Cause of Death Chi-Square Distribution Confidence intervals Disease Diseases of the osteoarticular system Female Hong Kong - epidemiology Humans Life Expectancy Male Medical sciences Middle Aged Miscellaneous. Osteoarticular involvement in other diseases Mortality Ratios Rheumatic diseases Rheumatic Diseases - mortality Sex Factors |
| title | Life expectancy, standardized mortality ratios, and causes of death in six rheumatic diseases in Hong Kong, China |
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