Traditional Processing Strongly Affects Metabolite Composition by Hydrolysis in Rehmannia glutinosa Roots
The processing of biological raw materials is considered to have an important role in the therapeutic application in Traditional Chinese Medicine. The root of Rehmannia glutinosa has to be processed by nine cycles of rice wine immersing, steaming and drying before using in clinical applications. In...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Chemical & Pharmaceutical Bulletin 2011/05/01, Vol.59(5), pp.546-552 |
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| creator | Chang, Wen-Te Choi, Young Hae Heijden, Rob Van der Lee, Meng-Shiou Lin, Ming-Kuem Kong, Hongwei Kim, Hye Kyong Verpoorte, Robert Hankemeier, Thomas Greef, Jan Van der Wang, Mei |
| description | The processing of biological raw materials is considered to have an important role in the therapeutic application in Traditional Chinese Medicine. The root of Rehmannia glutinosa has to be processed by nine cycles of rice wine immersing, steaming and drying before using in clinical applications. In order to understand the chemical changes resulting from the processing, a comprehensive analysis of Rehmanniae radix was made using 1H-NMR and Fourier transform (FT)-mass spectrometry in combination with multivariate data analysis. After 1H-NMR and principle component analysis, hydrolysis was found to be the major chemical process during the treatments. Catalpol, raffinose and stachyose levels gradually decreased during processing, whereas monosaccharides including galactose and glucose were found to be higher in processed roots. The metabolic profile changed gradually through the processing cycles although the differences became smaller after the fifth processing cycle. The positive and negative ion-mode mass spectra by high resolution FT-MS revealed several series of ion clusters with mass differences of 162.053 Da, indicating a difference of a hexose moiety. During the processing, the number and signal intensity of the smaller glycosides were increased. Therefore, these results indicate that the fresh Rehmanniae radix is rich in polysaccharides, which are hydrolyzed during the processing. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1248/cpb.59.546 |
| format | Article |
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Center ; Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics ; Centre for Medical Systems Biology ; cDivision of Analytical Biosciences ; TNO Quality of Life</creatorcontrib><description>The processing of biological raw materials is considered to have an important role in the therapeutic application in Traditional Chinese Medicine. The root of Rehmannia glutinosa has to be processed by nine cycles of rice wine immersing, steaming and drying before using in clinical applications. In order to understand the chemical changes resulting from the processing, a comprehensive analysis of Rehmanniae radix was made using 1H-NMR and Fourier transform (FT)-mass spectrometry in combination with multivariate data analysis. After 1H-NMR and principle component analysis, hydrolysis was found to be the major chemical process during the treatments. Catalpol, raffinose and stachyose levels gradually decreased during processing, whereas monosaccharides including galactose and glucose were found to be higher in processed roots. The metabolic profile changed gradually through the processing cycles although the differences became smaller after the fifth processing cycle. The positive and negative ion-mode mass spectra by high resolution FT-MS revealed several series of ion clusters with mass differences of 162.053 Da, indicating a difference of a hexose moiety. During the processing, the number and signal intensity of the smaller glycosides were increased. Therefore, these results indicate that the fresh Rehmanniae radix is rich in polysaccharides, which are hydrolyzed during the processing.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0009-2363</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1347-5223</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1248/cpb.59.546</identifier><identifier>PMID: 21532190</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Japan: The Pharmaceutical Society of Japan</publisher><subject>Drugs, Chinese Herbal - analysis ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal - chemistry ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal - metabolism ; Fourier-transform-mass spectrometry ; Glucosides - analysis ; Glucosides - chemistry ; Glucosides - metabolism ; Hydrolysis ; Mass Spectrometry - methods ; Molecular Weight ; Plant Roots - chemistry ; Principal Component Analysis ; principle component analysis ; Rehmannia - chemistry ; Rehmannia glutinosa ; Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared - methods ; traditional processing</subject><ispartof>Chemical and Pharmaceutical Bulletin, 2011/05/01, Vol.59(5), pp.546-552</ispartof><rights>2011 The Pharmaceutical Society of Japan</rights><rights>Copyright Japan Science and Technology Agency 2011</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c662t-cb7b6aa2247e2dc9f932f37fa39c2803620d9b38d46095cca4e53377ca0ef1e83</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c662t-cb7b6aa2247e2dc9f932f37fa39c2803620d9b38d46095cca4e53377ca0ef1e83</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><link.rule.ids>314,780,784,1883,4024,27923,27924,27925</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21532190$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Chang, Wen-Te</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Choi, Young Hae</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Heijden, Rob Van der</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lee, Meng-Shiou</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lin, Ming-Kuem</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kong, Hongwei</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kim, Hye Kyong</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Verpoorte, Robert</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hankemeier, Thomas</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Greef, Jan Van der</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wang, Mei</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>China Medical University</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>bDivision of Pharmacognosy</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Section Metabolomics</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Chinese Academy of Sciences</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>fDepartment of Applied Plant Science</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>eSU BioMedicine</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Institute of Biology</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Leiden University</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>aSchool of Chinese Medicine Resources</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Leiden/Amsterdam Center for Drug Research</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>dNational Chromatographic R. & A. 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In order to understand the chemical changes resulting from the processing, a comprehensive analysis of Rehmanniae radix was made using 1H-NMR and Fourier transform (FT)-mass spectrometry in combination with multivariate data analysis. After 1H-NMR and principle component analysis, hydrolysis was found to be the major chemical process during the treatments. Catalpol, raffinose and stachyose levels gradually decreased during processing, whereas monosaccharides including galactose and glucose were found to be higher in processed roots. The metabolic profile changed gradually through the processing cycles although the differences became smaller after the fifth processing cycle. The positive and negative ion-mode mass spectra by high resolution FT-MS revealed several series of ion clusters with mass differences of 162.053 Da, indicating a difference of a hexose moiety. During the processing, the number and signal intensity of the smaller glycosides were increased. Therefore, these results indicate that the fresh Rehmanniae radix is rich in polysaccharides, which are hydrolyzed during the processing.</description><subject>Drugs, Chinese Herbal - analysis</subject><subject>Drugs, Chinese Herbal - chemistry</subject><subject>Drugs, Chinese Herbal - metabolism</subject><subject>Fourier-transform-mass spectrometry</subject><subject>Glucosides - analysis</subject><subject>Glucosides - chemistry</subject><subject>Glucosides - metabolism</subject><subject>Hydrolysis</subject><subject>Mass Spectrometry - methods</subject><subject>Molecular Weight</subject><subject>Plant Roots - chemistry</subject><subject>Principal Component Analysis</subject><subject>principle component analysis</subject><subject>Rehmannia - chemistry</subject><subject>Rehmannia glutinosa</subject><subject>Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared - methods</subject><subject>traditional processing</subject><issn>0009-2363</issn><issn>1347-5223</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2011</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><recordid>eNpdkE2LFDEQhoMo7rh68QdIwIMg9JjPzuQky-DuCivKup5DOp2eyZBOxiR96H9v1p4dwUvVoZ56qngBeIvRGhO2-WSO3ZrLNWftM7DClImGE0KfgxVCSDaEtvQCvMr5gBDhSNCX4IJgTgmWaAXcQ9K9Ky4G7eGPFI3N2YUd_FlSDDs_w6thsKZk-M0W3UXvioXbOB5j_rsEuxnezn2Kfs4uQxfgvd2POgSn4c5PxYWYNbyPseTX4MWgfbZvTv0S_Lr-8rC9be6-33zdXt01pm1JaUwnulZrQpiwpDdykJQMVAyaSkM2iLYE9bKjm561SHJjNLOcUiGMRnbAdkMvwYfFe0zx92RzUaPLxnqvg41TVpuWCSFrWJV8_x95iFOqQWSFq50xisWj7-NCmRRzTnZQx-RGnWaFkXrMX9X8FZdqUb47KadutP0ZfQq8AtcLUKfOaB-Dd8H-O2yyMHs7OkUQxgohLhGvjSlU9bVwwhBHVFTR50V0yEXv7PmSTsUZb89PnUpdPk_2Oikb6B9PaK7C</recordid><startdate>2011</startdate><enddate>2011</enddate><creator>Chang, Wen-Te</creator><creator>Choi, Young Hae</creator><creator>Heijden, Rob Van der</creator><creator>Lee, Meng-Shiou</creator><creator>Lin, Ming-Kuem</creator><creator>Kong, Hongwei</creator><creator>Kim, Hye Kyong</creator><creator>Verpoorte, Robert</creator><creator>Hankemeier, Thomas</creator><creator>Greef, Jan Van der</creator><creator>Wang, Mei</creator><general>The Pharmaceutical Society of Japan</general><general>Pharmaceutical Society of Japan</general><general>Japan Science and Technology Agency</general><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7TK</scope><scope>7TM</scope><scope>7U9</scope><scope>H94</scope><scope>7X8</scope></search><sort><creationdate>2011</creationdate><title>Traditional Processing Strongly Affects Metabolite Composition by Hydrolysis in Rehmannia glutinosa Roots</title><author>Chang, Wen-Te ; 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Center</aucorp><aucorp>Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics</aucorp><aucorp>Centre for Medical Systems Biology</aucorp><aucorp>cDivision of Analytical Biosciences</aucorp><aucorp>TNO Quality of Life</aucorp><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Traditional Processing Strongly Affects Metabolite Composition by Hydrolysis in Rehmannia glutinosa Roots</atitle><jtitle>Chemical & Pharmaceutical Bulletin</jtitle><addtitle>Chem. Pharm. Bull.</addtitle><date>2011</date><risdate>2011</risdate><volume>59</volume><issue>5</issue><spage>546</spage><epage>552</epage><pages>546-552</pages><issn>0009-2363</issn><eissn>1347-5223</eissn><abstract>The processing of biological raw materials is considered to have an important role in the therapeutic application in Traditional Chinese Medicine. The root of Rehmannia glutinosa has to be processed by nine cycles of rice wine immersing, steaming and drying before using in clinical applications. In order to understand the chemical changes resulting from the processing, a comprehensive analysis of Rehmanniae radix was made using 1H-NMR and Fourier transform (FT)-mass spectrometry in combination with multivariate data analysis. After 1H-NMR and principle component analysis, hydrolysis was found to be the major chemical process during the treatments. Catalpol, raffinose and stachyose levels gradually decreased during processing, whereas monosaccharides including galactose and glucose were found to be higher in processed roots. The metabolic profile changed gradually through the processing cycles although the differences became smaller after the fifth processing cycle. The positive and negative ion-mode mass spectra by high resolution FT-MS revealed several series of ion clusters with mass differences of 162.053 Da, indicating a difference of a hexose moiety. During the processing, the number and signal intensity of the smaller glycosides were increased. Therefore, these results indicate that the fresh Rehmanniae radix is rich in polysaccharides, which are hydrolyzed during the processing.</abstract><cop>Japan</cop><pub>The Pharmaceutical Society of Japan</pub><pmid>21532190</pmid><doi>10.1248/cpb.59.546</doi><tpages>7</tpages><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| subjects | Drugs, Chinese Herbal - analysis Drugs, Chinese Herbal - chemistry Drugs, Chinese Herbal - metabolism Fourier-transform-mass spectrometry Glucosides - analysis Glucosides - chemistry Glucosides - metabolism Hydrolysis Mass Spectrometry - methods Molecular Weight Plant Roots - chemistry Principal Component Analysis principle component analysis Rehmannia - chemistry Rehmannia glutinosa Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared - methods traditional processing |
| title | Traditional Processing Strongly Affects Metabolite Composition by Hydrolysis in Rehmannia glutinosa Roots |
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