Occurrence, partition and removal of pharmaceuticals in sewage water and sludge during wastewater treatment
During 8 sampling campaigns carried out over a period of two years, 72 samples, including influent and effluent wastewater, and sludge samples from three conventional wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs), were analyzed to assess the occurrence and fate of 43 pharmaceutical compounds. The selected pha...
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| creator | Jelic, Aleksandra Gros, Meritxell Ginebreda, Antoni Cespedes-Sánchez, Raquel Ventura, Francesc Petrovic, Mira Barcelo, Damia |
| description | During 8 sampling campaigns carried out over a period of two years, 72 samples, including influent and effluent wastewater, and sludge samples from three conventional wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs), were analyzed to assess the occurrence and fate of 43 pharmaceutical compounds. The selected pharmaceuticals belong to different therapeutic classes, i.e. non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, lipid modifying agents (fibrates and statins), psychiatric drugs (benzodiazepine derivative drugs and antiepileptics), histamine H2-receptor antagonists, antibacterials for systemic use, beta blocking agents, beta-agonists, diuretics, angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors and anti-diabetics. The obtained results showed the presence of 32 target compounds in wastewater influent and 29 in effluent, in concentrations ranging from low ng/L to a few μg/L (e.g. NSAIDs). The analysis of sludge samples showed that 21 pharmaceuticals accumulated in sewage sludge from all three WWTPs in concentrations up to 100 ng/g. This indicates that even good removal rates obtained in aqueous phase (i.e. comparison of influent and effluent wastewater concentrations) do not imply degradation to the same extent. For this reason, the overall removal was estimated as a sum of all the losses of a parent compound produces by different mechanisms of chemical and physical transformation, biodegradation and sorption to solid matter. The target compounds showed very different removal rates and no logical pattern in behaviour even if they belong to the same therapeutic groups. What is clear is that the elimination of most of the substances is incomplete and improvements of the wastewater treatment and subsequent treatments of the produced sludge are required to prevent the introduction of these micro-pollutants in the environment.
► Even though the WWTPs meet the regulatory requirements for wastewater treatment (Directive 91/271/EEC), they are only moderately effective in removing pharmaceutical compounds. ► Out of 43 analyzed pharmaceuticals, 29 were detected in wastewater effluent and 21 in sludge samples. ► Removal rates varied strongly without evident correlation to the compound structure, and were mainly influenced by wastewater characteristics, operational conditions and treatment technology used. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1016/j.watres.2010.11.010 |
| format | Article |
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► Even though the WWTPs meet the regulatory requirements for wastewater treatment (Directive 91/271/EEC), they are only moderately effective in removing pharmaceutical compounds. ► Out of 43 analyzed pharmaceuticals, 29 were detected in wastewater effluent and 21 in sludge samples. ► Removal rates varied strongly without evident correlation to the compound structure, and were mainly influenced by wastewater characteristics, operational conditions and treatment technology used.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0043-1354</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1879-2448</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2010.11.010</identifier><identifier>PMID: 21167546</identifier><identifier>CODEN: WATRAG</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Kidlington: Elsevier Ltd</publisher><subject>antagonists ; Applied sciences ; beta-adrenergic agonists ; biodegradation ; diuretics ; Drugs ; Effluents ; Exact sciences and technology ; histamine ; Influents ; Inhibitors ; nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents ; Other industrial wastes. Sewage sludge ; peptidyl-dipeptidase A ; Pharmaceutical Preparations - analysis ; Pharmaceutical Preparations - isolation & purification ; Pharmaceuticals ; Pollution ; Removal rate ; Sewage - analysis ; Sewage - chemistry ; sewage sludge ; Sludge ; sorption ; Waste Disposal, Fluid ; Waste water ; Wastes ; Wastewater ; Wastewater treatment ; Water Pollutants, Chemical - analysis ; Water Pollutants, Chemical - isolation & purification ; Water treatment and pollution</subject><ispartof>Water research (Oxford), 2011-01, Vol.45 (3), p.1165-1176</ispartof><rights>2010 Elsevier Ltd</rights><rights>2015 INIST-CNRS</rights><rights>Copyright © 2010 Elsevier Ltd. 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The selected pharmaceuticals belong to different therapeutic classes, i.e. non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, lipid modifying agents (fibrates and statins), psychiatric drugs (benzodiazepine derivative drugs and antiepileptics), histamine H2-receptor antagonists, antibacterials for systemic use, beta blocking agents, beta-agonists, diuretics, angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors and anti-diabetics. The obtained results showed the presence of 32 target compounds in wastewater influent and 29 in effluent, in concentrations ranging from low ng/L to a few μg/L (e.g. NSAIDs). The analysis of sludge samples showed that 21 pharmaceuticals accumulated in sewage sludge from all three WWTPs in concentrations up to 100 ng/g. This indicates that even good removal rates obtained in aqueous phase (i.e. comparison of influent and effluent wastewater concentrations) do not imply degradation to the same extent. For this reason, the overall removal was estimated as a sum of all the losses of a parent compound produces by different mechanisms of chemical and physical transformation, biodegradation and sorption to solid matter. The target compounds showed very different removal rates and no logical pattern in behaviour even if they belong to the same therapeutic groups. What is clear is that the elimination of most of the substances is incomplete and improvements of the wastewater treatment and subsequent treatments of the produced sludge are required to prevent the introduction of these micro-pollutants in the environment.
► Even though the WWTPs meet the regulatory requirements for wastewater treatment (Directive 91/271/EEC), they are only moderately effective in removing pharmaceutical compounds. ► Out of 43 analyzed pharmaceuticals, 29 were detected in wastewater effluent and 21 in sludge samples. ► Removal rates varied strongly without evident correlation to the compound structure, and were mainly influenced by wastewater characteristics, operational conditions and treatment technology used.</description><subject>antagonists</subject><subject>Applied sciences</subject><subject>beta-adrenergic agonists</subject><subject>biodegradation</subject><subject>diuretics</subject><subject>Drugs</subject><subject>Effluents</subject><subject>Exact sciences and technology</subject><subject>histamine</subject><subject>Influents</subject><subject>Inhibitors</subject><subject>nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents</subject><subject>Other industrial wastes. Sewage sludge</subject><subject>peptidyl-dipeptidase A</subject><subject>Pharmaceutical Preparations - analysis</subject><subject>Pharmaceutical Preparations - isolation & purification</subject><subject>Pharmaceuticals</subject><subject>Pollution</subject><subject>Removal rate</subject><subject>Sewage - analysis</subject><subject>Sewage - chemistry</subject><subject>sewage sludge</subject><subject>Sludge</subject><subject>sorption</subject><subject>Waste Disposal, Fluid</subject><subject>Waste water</subject><subject>Wastes</subject><subject>Wastewater</subject><subject>Wastewater treatment</subject><subject>Water Pollutants, Chemical - analysis</subject><subject>Water Pollutants, Chemical - isolation & purification</subject><subject>Water treatment and pollution</subject><issn>0043-1354</issn><issn>1879-2448</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2011</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><recordid>eNqFkk1v1DAQhi0EokvhHyDIBcGBLLbjxM4Fqar4kir1AD1bjj1evORjsZ1W_fedkIXeymmk1894Xs9rQl4yumWUNR_22xuTI6Qtp4vEtlgekQ1Tsi25EOox2VAqqpJVtTghz1LaU0o5r9qn5IQz1shaNBvy69LaOUYYLbwvDibmkMM0FmZ0RYRhujZ9Mfni8NPEwViYc7CmT0UYiwQ3ZgcFeoD4B0_97FBwcwzjDvWUYT1EkyYPMObn5InHbnhxrKfk6vOnH-dfy4vLL9_Ozy5Ki5Zy6cHWLVdMdLzjvq661qnOgFTKWVo7r_BxTDnfSdNyrpqWiVYp6Volufe-qk7J2_XeQ5x-z5CyHkKy0PdmhGlOWjVCUCmq-v8k7qvhuC0k3z1IMikl7rQRy3ixojZOKUXw-hDDYOKtZlQv0em9XqPTS3SaMY0F214dJ8zdAO5f09-sEHhzBEzCFHw0ow3pnqskr0W7cK9XzptJm11E5uo7Tqoxf0Ybtjj8uBKAKVwHiDrZsHwBFyLYrN0UHvZ6Bx_3wus</recordid><startdate>201101</startdate><enddate>201101</enddate><creator>Jelic, Aleksandra</creator><creator>Gros, Meritxell</creator><creator>Ginebreda, Antoni</creator><creator>Cespedes-Sánchez, Raquel</creator><creator>Ventura, Francesc</creator><creator>Petrovic, Mira</creator><creator>Barcelo, Damia</creator><general>Elsevier Ltd</general><general>Elsevier</general><scope>FBQ</scope><scope>IQODW</scope><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7SU</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>FR3</scope><scope>KR7</scope><scope>7X8</scope><scope>7QH</scope><scope>7ST</scope><scope>7TV</scope><scope>7UA</scope><scope>F1W</scope><scope>H97</scope><scope>L.G</scope><scope>SOI</scope></search><sort><creationdate>201101</creationdate><title>Occurrence, partition and removal of pharmaceuticals in sewage water and sludge during wastewater treatment</title><author>Jelic, Aleksandra ; Gros, Meritxell ; Ginebreda, Antoni ; Cespedes-Sánchez, Raquel ; Ventura, Francesc ; Petrovic, Mira ; Barcelo, Damia</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c546t-fec592814b2b2f53b9d8bae788dc05df844818dfb7a922869149887d9872fff33</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2011</creationdate><topic>antagonists</topic><topic>Applied sciences</topic><topic>beta-adrenergic agonists</topic><topic>biodegradation</topic><topic>diuretics</topic><topic>Drugs</topic><topic>Effluents</topic><topic>Exact sciences and technology</topic><topic>histamine</topic><topic>Influents</topic><topic>Inhibitors</topic><topic>nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents</topic><topic>Other industrial wastes. Sewage sludge</topic><topic>peptidyl-dipeptidase A</topic><topic>Pharmaceutical Preparations - analysis</topic><topic>Pharmaceutical Preparations - isolation & purification</topic><topic>Pharmaceuticals</topic><topic>Pollution</topic><topic>Removal rate</topic><topic>Sewage - analysis</topic><topic>Sewage - chemistry</topic><topic>sewage sludge</topic><topic>Sludge</topic><topic>sorption</topic><topic>Waste Disposal, Fluid</topic><topic>Waste water</topic><topic>Wastes</topic><topic>Wastewater</topic><topic>Wastewater treatment</topic><topic>Water Pollutants, Chemical - analysis</topic><topic>Water Pollutants, Chemical - isolation & purification</topic><topic>Water treatment and pollution</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Jelic, Aleksandra</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Gros, Meritxell</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ginebreda, Antoni</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Cespedes-Sánchez, Raquel</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ventura, Francesc</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Petrovic, Mira</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Barcelo, Damia</creatorcontrib><collection>AGRIS</collection><collection>Pascal-Francis</collection><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Environmental Engineering Abstracts</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management</collection><collection>Engineering Research Database</collection><collection>Civil Engineering Abstracts</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><collection>Aqualine</collection><collection>Environment Abstracts</collection><collection>Pollution Abstracts</collection><collection>Water Resources Abstracts</collection><collection>ASFA: Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Abstracts</collection><collection>Aquatic Science & Fisheries Abstracts (ASFA) 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality</collection><collection>Aquatic Science & Fisheries Abstracts (ASFA) Professional</collection><collection>Environment Abstracts</collection><jtitle>Water research (Oxford)</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Jelic, Aleksandra</au><au>Gros, Meritxell</au><au>Ginebreda, Antoni</au><au>Cespedes-Sánchez, Raquel</au><au>Ventura, Francesc</au><au>Petrovic, Mira</au><au>Barcelo, Damia</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Occurrence, partition and removal of pharmaceuticals in sewage water and sludge during wastewater treatment</atitle><jtitle>Water research (Oxford)</jtitle><addtitle>Water Res</addtitle><date>2011-01</date><risdate>2011</risdate><volume>45</volume><issue>3</issue><spage>1165</spage><epage>1176</epage><pages>1165-1176</pages><issn>0043-1354</issn><eissn>1879-2448</eissn><coden>WATRAG</coden><abstract>During 8 sampling campaigns carried out over a period of two years, 72 samples, including influent and effluent wastewater, and sludge samples from three conventional wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs), were analyzed to assess the occurrence and fate of 43 pharmaceutical compounds. The selected pharmaceuticals belong to different therapeutic classes, i.e. non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, lipid modifying agents (fibrates and statins), psychiatric drugs (benzodiazepine derivative drugs and antiepileptics), histamine H2-receptor antagonists, antibacterials for systemic use, beta blocking agents, beta-agonists, diuretics, angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors and anti-diabetics. The obtained results showed the presence of 32 target compounds in wastewater influent and 29 in effluent, in concentrations ranging from low ng/L to a few μg/L (e.g. NSAIDs). The analysis of sludge samples showed that 21 pharmaceuticals accumulated in sewage sludge from all three WWTPs in concentrations up to 100 ng/g. This indicates that even good removal rates obtained in aqueous phase (i.e. comparison of influent and effluent wastewater concentrations) do not imply degradation to the same extent. For this reason, the overall removal was estimated as a sum of all the losses of a parent compound produces by different mechanisms of chemical and physical transformation, biodegradation and sorption to solid matter. The target compounds showed very different removal rates and no logical pattern in behaviour even if they belong to the same therapeutic groups. What is clear is that the elimination of most of the substances is incomplete and improvements of the wastewater treatment and subsequent treatments of the produced sludge are required to prevent the introduction of these micro-pollutants in the environment.
► Even though the WWTPs meet the regulatory requirements for wastewater treatment (Directive 91/271/EEC), they are only moderately effective in removing pharmaceutical compounds. ► Out of 43 analyzed pharmaceuticals, 29 were detected in wastewater effluent and 21 in sludge samples. ► Removal rates varied strongly without evident correlation to the compound structure, and were mainly influenced by wastewater characteristics, operational conditions and treatment technology used.</abstract><cop>Kidlington</cop><pub>Elsevier Ltd</pub><pmid>21167546</pmid><doi>10.1016/j.watres.2010.11.010</doi><tpages>12</tpages></addata></record> |
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| subjects | antagonists Applied sciences beta-adrenergic agonists biodegradation diuretics Drugs Effluents Exact sciences and technology histamine Influents Inhibitors nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents Other industrial wastes. Sewage sludge peptidyl-dipeptidase A Pharmaceutical Preparations - analysis Pharmaceutical Preparations - isolation & purification Pharmaceuticals Pollution Removal rate Sewage - analysis Sewage - chemistry sewage sludge Sludge sorption Waste Disposal, Fluid Waste water Wastes Wastewater Wastewater treatment Water Pollutants, Chemical - analysis Water Pollutants, Chemical - isolation & purification Water treatment and pollution |
| title | Occurrence, partition and removal of pharmaceuticals in sewage water and sludge during wastewater treatment |
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