Societal Costs of Prescription Opioid Abuse, Dependence, and Misuse in the United States

Objectives.  The objective of this study was to estimate the societal costs of prescription opioid abuse, dependence, and misuse in the United States. Methods.  Costs were grouped into three categories: health care, workplace, and criminal justice. Costs were estimated by 1) quantity method, which m...

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Veröffentlicht in:Pain medicine (Malden, Mass.) Mass.), 2011-04, Vol.12 (4), p.657-667
Hauptverfasser: Birnbaum, Howard G., White, Alan G., Schiller, Matt, Waldman, Tracy, Cleveland, Jody M., Roland, Carl L.
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container_end_page 667
container_issue 4
container_start_page 657
container_title Pain medicine (Malden, Mass.)
container_volume 12
creator Birnbaum, Howard G.
White, Alan G.
Schiller, Matt
Waldman, Tracy
Cleveland, Jody M.
Roland, Carl L.
description Objectives.  The objective of this study was to estimate the societal costs of prescription opioid abuse, dependence, and misuse in the United States. Methods.  Costs were grouped into three categories: health care, workplace, and criminal justice. Costs were estimated by 1) quantity method, which multiplies the number of opioid abuse patients by cost per opioid abuse patient; and 2) apportionment method, which begins with overall costs of drug abuse per component and apportions the share associated with prescription opioid abuse based on relative prevalence of prescription opioid to overall drug abuse. Excess health care costs per patient were based on claims data analysis of privately insured and Medicaid beneficiaries. Other data/information were derived from publicly available survey and other secondary sources. Results.  Total US societal costs of prescription opioid abuse were estimated at $55.7 billion in 2007 (USD in 2009). Workplace costs accounted for $25.6 billion (46%), health care costs accounted for $25.0 billion (45%), and criminal justice costs accounted for $5.1 billion (9%). Workplace costs were driven by lost earnings from premature death ($11.2 billion) and reduced compensation/lost employment ($7.9 billion). Health care costs consisted primarily of excess medical and prescription costs ($23.7 billion). Criminal justice costs were largely comprised of correctional facility ($2.3 billion) and police costs ($1.5 billion). Conclusions.  The costs of prescription opioid abuse represent a substantial and growing economic burden for the society. The increasing prevalence of abuse suggests an even greater societal burden in the future.
doi_str_mv 10.1111/j.1526-4637.2011.01075.x
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Methods.  Costs were grouped into three categories: health care, workplace, and criminal justice. Costs were estimated by 1) quantity method, which multiplies the number of opioid abuse patients by cost per opioid abuse patient; and 2) apportionment method, which begins with overall costs of drug abuse per component and apportions the share associated with prescription opioid abuse based on relative prevalence of prescription opioid to overall drug abuse. Excess health care costs per patient were based on claims data analysis of privately insured and Medicaid beneficiaries. Other data/information were derived from publicly available survey and other secondary sources. Results.  Total US societal costs of prescription opioid abuse were estimated at $55.7 billion in 2007 (USD in 2009). Workplace costs accounted for $25.6 billion (46%), health care costs accounted for $25.0 billion (45%), and criminal justice costs accounted for $5.1 billion (9%). Workplace costs were driven by lost earnings from premature death ($11.2 billion) and reduced compensation/lost employment ($7.9 billion). Health care costs consisted primarily of excess medical and prescription costs ($23.7 billion). Criminal justice costs were largely comprised of correctional facility ($2.3 billion) and police costs ($1.5 billion). Conclusions.  The costs of prescription opioid abuse represent a substantial and growing economic burden for the society. 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Methods.  Costs were grouped into three categories: health care, workplace, and criminal justice. Costs were estimated by 1) quantity method, which multiplies the number of opioid abuse patients by cost per opioid abuse patient; and 2) apportionment method, which begins with overall costs of drug abuse per component and apportions the share associated with prescription opioid abuse based on relative prevalence of prescription opioid to overall drug abuse. Excess health care costs per patient were based on claims data analysis of privately insured and Medicaid beneficiaries. Other data/information were derived from publicly available survey and other secondary sources. Results.  Total US societal costs of prescription opioid abuse were estimated at $55.7 billion in 2007 (USD in 2009). Workplace costs accounted for $25.6 billion (46%), health care costs accounted for $25.0 billion (45%), and criminal justice costs accounted for $5.1 billion (9%). Workplace costs were driven by lost earnings from premature death ($11.2 billion) and reduced compensation/lost employment ($7.9 billion). Health care costs consisted primarily of excess medical and prescription costs ($23.7 billion). Criminal justice costs were largely comprised of correctional facility ($2.3 billion) and police costs ($1.5 billion). Conclusions.  The costs of prescription opioid abuse represent a substantial and growing economic burden for the society. The increasing prevalence of abuse suggests an even greater societal burden in the future.</description><subject>Adolescent</subject><subject>Adult</subject><subject>Analgesics, Opioid - adverse effects</subject><subject>Analgesics, Opioid - economics</subject><subject>Child</subject><subject>Cost of Illness</subject><subject>Costs</subject><subject>Criminal Law - economics</subject><subject>Dependence</subject><subject>Drug Abuse</subject><subject>Economic Burden</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>Health Care Costs - statistics &amp; numerical data</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Insurance Claim Reporting - statistics &amp; numerical data</subject><subject>Medicaid - statistics &amp; numerical data</subject><subject>Middle Aged</subject><subject>Narcotics</subject><subject>Opioid-Related Disorders - economics</subject><subject>Prescription Drugs - economics</subject><subject>Prescription Opioid Abuse</subject><subject>Societal Costs</subject><subject>Substance-Related Disorders - economics</subject><subject>United States</subject><subject>Workplace - economics</subject><subject>Young Adult</subject><issn>1526-2375</issn><issn>1526-4637</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2011</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><recordid>eNqNkc1u1DAURi1ERUvhFZAlFmxI6p_YSRYsqqEtVC1tNa1gZ9nxjfCQiVM7EdO3x2Gms2CFN76yz3evdYwQpiSnaZ2sciqYzArJy5wRSnNCSSnyzQt0tL94uasZL8Uheh3jihAqi4q_QoeM8poxQY7Qj6VvHIy6wwsfx4h9i28DxCa4YXS-xzeD887iUzNF-Ig_wwC9hb5Jte4tvnYxnWPX4_En4IfejWDxctQjxDfooNVdhLe7_Rg9nJ_dL75kVzcXXxenV1lTiFpkwkjDqoYxRqxp61pzAbo1VrDWWtlyWXGpqWiINqauCIUCCsuoaUWKU1vwY_Rh23cI_nGCOKq1iw10ne7BT1FVkslkh8lEvv-HXPkp9OlxigpaFrQmNU9UtaWa4GMM0KohuLUOT4oSNctXKzV7VbNjNctXf-WrTYq-2w2YzBrsPvhsOwGftsBv18HTfzdWt9dnc5Xy2Tbv4gibfV6HX0qW6ZvV928XSlwuWHG3PFcF_wOocaBA</recordid><startdate>201104</startdate><enddate>201104</enddate><creator>Birnbaum, Howard G.</creator><creator>White, Alan G.</creator><creator>Schiller, Matt</creator><creator>Waldman, Tracy</creator><creator>Cleveland, Jody M.</creator><creator>Roland, Carl L.</creator><general>Blackwell Publishing Inc</general><general>Oxford University Press</general><scope>BSCLL</scope><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7TK</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>NAPCQ</scope><scope>7X8</scope></search><sort><creationdate>201104</creationdate><title>Societal Costs of Prescription Opioid Abuse, Dependence, and Misuse in the United States</title><author>Birnbaum, Howard G. ; White, Alan G. ; Schiller, Matt ; Waldman, Tracy ; Cleveland, Jody M. ; Roland, Carl L.</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c4595-5b6b28c2220dbf99a35eafbd52fdd6f36836a15c0abb9801e4e4d21bf54591d43</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2011</creationdate><topic>Adolescent</topic><topic>Adult</topic><topic>Analgesics, Opioid - adverse effects</topic><topic>Analgesics, Opioid - economics</topic><topic>Child</topic><topic>Cost of Illness</topic><topic>Costs</topic><topic>Criminal Law - economics</topic><topic>Dependence</topic><topic>Drug Abuse</topic><topic>Economic Burden</topic><topic>Female</topic><topic>Health Care Costs - statistics &amp; numerical data</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Insurance Claim Reporting - statistics &amp; numerical data</topic><topic>Medicaid - statistics &amp; numerical data</topic><topic>Middle Aged</topic><topic>Narcotics</topic><topic>Opioid-Related Disorders - economics</topic><topic>Prescription Drugs - economics</topic><topic>Prescription Opioid Abuse</topic><topic>Societal Costs</topic><topic>Substance-Related Disorders - economics</topic><topic>United States</topic><topic>Workplace - economics</topic><topic>Young Adult</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Birnbaum, Howard G.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>White, Alan G.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Schiller, Matt</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Waldman, Tracy</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Cleveland, Jody M.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Roland, Carl L.</creatorcontrib><collection>Istex</collection><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Neurosciences Abstracts</collection><collection>ProQuest Health &amp; Medical Complete (Alumni)</collection><collection>Nursing &amp; Allied Health Premium</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><jtitle>Pain medicine (Malden, Mass.)</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Birnbaum, Howard G.</au><au>White, Alan G.</au><au>Schiller, Matt</au><au>Waldman, Tracy</au><au>Cleveland, Jody M.</au><au>Roland, Carl L.</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Societal Costs of Prescription Opioid Abuse, Dependence, and Misuse in the United States</atitle><jtitle>Pain medicine (Malden, Mass.)</jtitle><addtitle>Pain Med</addtitle><date>2011-04</date><risdate>2011</risdate><volume>12</volume><issue>4</issue><spage>657</spage><epage>667</epage><pages>657-667</pages><issn>1526-2375</issn><eissn>1526-4637</eissn><coden>PMAEAP</coden><abstract>Objectives.  The objective of this study was to estimate the societal costs of prescription opioid abuse, dependence, and misuse in the United States. 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Workplace costs were driven by lost earnings from premature death ($11.2 billion) and reduced compensation/lost employment ($7.9 billion). Health care costs consisted primarily of excess medical and prescription costs ($23.7 billion). Criminal justice costs were largely comprised of correctional facility ($2.3 billion) and police costs ($1.5 billion). Conclusions.  The costs of prescription opioid abuse represent a substantial and growing economic burden for the society. The increasing prevalence of abuse suggests an even greater societal burden in the future.</abstract><cop>Malden, USA</cop><pub>Blackwell Publishing Inc</pub><pmid>21392250</pmid><doi>10.1111/j.1526-4637.2011.01075.x</doi><tpages>11</tpages></addata></record>
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source Wiley Online Library - AutoHoldings Journals; MEDLINE; Oxford University Press Journals All Titles (1996-Current)
subjects Adolescent
Adult
Analgesics, Opioid - adverse effects
Analgesics, Opioid - economics
Child
Cost of Illness
Costs
Criminal Law - economics
Dependence
Drug Abuse
Economic Burden
Female
Health Care Costs - statistics & numerical data
Humans
Insurance Claim Reporting - statistics & numerical data
Medicaid - statistics & numerical data
Middle Aged
Narcotics
Opioid-Related Disorders - economics
Prescription Drugs - economics
Prescription Opioid Abuse
Societal Costs
Substance-Related Disorders - economics
United States
Workplace - economics
Young Adult
title Societal Costs of Prescription Opioid Abuse, Dependence, and Misuse in the United States
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