Incidence and predictors of acute kidney injury in patients undergoing transcatheter aortic valve implantation
Background Acute kidney injury (AKI) can occur in up to one third of patients after surgical aortic valve replacement and can be associated with increased mortality. Little data exist, however, about the incidence, predictors, and prognostic implications of AKI after transcatheter aortic valve impla...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | The American heart journal 2011-04, Vol.161 (4), p.735-739 |
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| creator | Elhmidi, Yacine, MD Bleiziffer, Sabine, MD Piazza, Nicolo, MD, PhD, FRCPC, FESC Hutter, Andrea, MD Opitz, Anke, MD Hettich, Ina, MD Kornek, Matthias, MD Ruge, Hendrik, MD Brockmann, Gernot, MD Mazzitelli, Domenico, MD Lange, Rüdiger, MD, PhD |
| description | Background Acute kidney injury (AKI) can occur in up to one third of patients after surgical aortic valve replacement and can be associated with increased mortality. Little data exist, however, about the incidence, predictors, and prognostic implications of AKI after transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI). Objectives The aim of this study was to examine the incidence, predictors, and prognostic implications of AKI after TAVI. Methods Between January 2007 and January 2010, we prospectively enrolled 234 consecutive patients who underwent TAVI with the Medtronic CoreValve System (Medtronic CoreValve, Minneapolis, Minnesota) or Edwards SAPIEN (Edwards Lifesciences, Inc, Irvine, CA) heart valve. Acute kidney injury was defined according to the risk, injury, failure, loss, end-stage criteria. Patients with preoperative end-stage renal failure requiring dialysis were excluded. Baseline characteristics and procedural-related factors were examined as predictors for AKI in a multivariable regression model. Results Acute kidney injury was identified in 46 (19.6%) of 234 patients, and 24 (10.3%) of 234 patients required renal replacement therapy. The unadjusted in-hospital mortality rate was 15.2% in those patients without AKI and 7.7% in those with AKI ( P = .015). Univariable logistic regression analysis identified preoperative serum creatinine, preoperative blood urea nitrogen, peripheral vascular disease, and blood transfusion to be associated with AKI. Preoperative serum creatinine level remained as the only independent predictor of AKI (OR 3.7 95%, CI 1.24-11.3, P = .019). The amount of contrast used (in milliliters) was not associated with AKI (OR 1.8 95%, CI 0.94-3.5, P = .07). Conclusion In this study, we observed that one fifth of patients developed AKI after TAVI and that AKI was associated with increased in-hospital mortality. Preoperative serum creatinine level was identified as the only predictor of AKI. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1016/j.ahj.2011.01.009 |
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Little data exist, however, about the incidence, predictors, and prognostic implications of AKI after transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI). Objectives The aim of this study was to examine the incidence, predictors, and prognostic implications of AKI after TAVI. Methods Between January 2007 and January 2010, we prospectively enrolled 234 consecutive patients who underwent TAVI with the Medtronic CoreValve System (Medtronic CoreValve, Minneapolis, Minnesota) or Edwards SAPIEN (Edwards Lifesciences, Inc, Irvine, CA) heart valve. Acute kidney injury was defined according to the risk, injury, failure, loss, end-stage criteria. Patients with preoperative end-stage renal failure requiring dialysis were excluded. Baseline characteristics and procedural-related factors were examined as predictors for AKI in a multivariable regression model. Results Acute kidney injury was identified in 46 (19.6%) of 234 patients, and 24 (10.3%) of 234 patients required renal replacement therapy. The unadjusted in-hospital mortality rate was 15.2% in those patients without AKI and 7.7% in those with AKI ( P = .015). Univariable logistic regression analysis identified preoperative serum creatinine, preoperative blood urea nitrogen, peripheral vascular disease, and blood transfusion to be associated with AKI. Preoperative serum creatinine level remained as the only independent predictor of AKI (OR 3.7 95%, CI 1.24-11.3, P = .019). The amount of contrast used (in milliliters) was not associated with AKI (OR 1.8 95%, CI 0.94-3.5, P = .07). Conclusion In this study, we observed that one fifth of patients developed AKI after TAVI and that AKI was associated with increased in-hospital mortality. Preoperative serum creatinine level was identified as the only predictor of AKI.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0002-8703</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1097-6744</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1016/j.ahj.2011.01.009</identifier><identifier>PMID: 21473973</identifier><identifier>CODEN: AHJOA2</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>New York, NY: Elsevier Inc</publisher><subject>Acute Kidney Injury - blood ; Acute Kidney Injury - epidemiology ; Acute Kidney Injury - etiology ; Age ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Aortic Valve Stenosis - surgery ; Biological and medical sciences ; Blood ; Blood transfusions ; Body mass index ; Cardiac Catheterization - adverse effects ; Cardiology ; Cardiology. Vascular system ; Cardiovascular ; Cardiovascular disease ; Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease ; Creatinine - blood ; Diabetes ; Female ; Gender ; Heart ; Heart Valve Prosthesis Implantation - adverse effects ; Hospital Mortality ; Hospitalization ; Hospitals ; Humans ; Hypertension ; Incidence ; Kidneys ; Logistics ; Male ; Medical sciences ; Mortality ; Nephrology. Urinary tract diseases ; Predictive Value of Tests ; Prostheses ; Treatment Outcome ; Urinary system involvement in other diseases. Miscellaneous ; Urine ; Variables</subject><ispartof>The American heart journal, 2011-04, Vol.161 (4), p.735-739</ispartof><rights>Mosby, Inc.</rights><rights>2011 Mosby, Inc.</rights><rights>2015 INIST-CNRS</rights><rights>Copyright © 2011 Mosby, Inc. All rights reserved.</rights><rights>Copyright Elsevier Limited Apr 2011</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c465t-2905c47e27b0ceca1939f0046cdb268d2f963ec59823a214457c115debcc1c113</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c465t-2905c47e27b0ceca1939f0046cdb268d2f963ec59823a214457c115debcc1c113</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.proquest.com/docview/1548418395?pq-origsite=primo$$EHTML$$P50$$Gproquest$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,780,784,3550,27924,27925,45995,64385,64387,64389,72469</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttp://pascal-francis.inist.fr/vibad/index.php?action=getRecordDetail&idt=24085145$$DView record in Pascal Francis$$Hfree_for_read</backlink><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21473973$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Elhmidi, Yacine, MD</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Bleiziffer, Sabine, MD</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Piazza, Nicolo, MD, PhD, FRCPC, FESC</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hutter, Andrea, MD</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Opitz, Anke, MD</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hettich, Ina, MD</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kornek, Matthias, MD</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ruge, Hendrik, MD</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Brockmann, Gernot, MD</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Mazzitelli, Domenico, MD</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lange, Rüdiger, MD, PhD</creatorcontrib><title>Incidence and predictors of acute kidney injury in patients undergoing transcatheter aortic valve implantation</title><title>The American heart journal</title><addtitle>Am Heart J</addtitle><description>Background Acute kidney injury (AKI) can occur in up to one third of patients after surgical aortic valve replacement and can be associated with increased mortality. Little data exist, however, about the incidence, predictors, and prognostic implications of AKI after transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI). Objectives The aim of this study was to examine the incidence, predictors, and prognostic implications of AKI after TAVI. Methods Between January 2007 and January 2010, we prospectively enrolled 234 consecutive patients who underwent TAVI with the Medtronic CoreValve System (Medtronic CoreValve, Minneapolis, Minnesota) or Edwards SAPIEN (Edwards Lifesciences, Inc, Irvine, CA) heart valve. Acute kidney injury was defined according to the risk, injury, failure, loss, end-stage criteria. Patients with preoperative end-stage renal failure requiring dialysis were excluded. Baseline characteristics and procedural-related factors were examined as predictors for AKI in a multivariable regression model. Results Acute kidney injury was identified in 46 (19.6%) of 234 patients, and 24 (10.3%) of 234 patients required renal replacement therapy. The unadjusted in-hospital mortality rate was 15.2% in those patients without AKI and 7.7% in those with AKI ( P = .015). Univariable logistic regression analysis identified preoperative serum creatinine, preoperative blood urea nitrogen, peripheral vascular disease, and blood transfusion to be associated with AKI. Preoperative serum creatinine level remained as the only independent predictor of AKI (OR 3.7 95%, CI 1.24-11.3, P = .019). The amount of contrast used (in milliliters) was not associated with AKI (OR 1.8 95%, CI 0.94-3.5, P = .07). Conclusion In this study, we observed that one fifth of patients developed AKI after TAVI and that AKI was associated with increased in-hospital mortality. Preoperative serum creatinine level was identified as the only predictor of AKI.</description><subject>Acute Kidney Injury - blood</subject><subject>Acute Kidney Injury - epidemiology</subject><subject>Acute Kidney Injury - etiology</subject><subject>Age</subject><subject>Aged</subject><subject>Aged, 80 and over</subject><subject>Aortic Valve Stenosis - surgery</subject><subject>Biological and medical sciences</subject><subject>Blood</subject><subject>Blood transfusions</subject><subject>Body mass index</subject><subject>Cardiac Catheterization - adverse effects</subject><subject>Cardiology</subject><subject>Cardiology. Vascular system</subject><subject>Cardiovascular</subject><subject>Cardiovascular disease</subject><subject>Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease</subject><subject>Creatinine - blood</subject><subject>Diabetes</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>Gender</subject><subject>Heart</subject><subject>Heart Valve Prosthesis Implantation - adverse effects</subject><subject>Hospital Mortality</subject><subject>Hospitalization</subject><subject>Hospitals</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Hypertension</subject><subject>Incidence</subject><subject>Kidneys</subject><subject>Logistics</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>Medical sciences</subject><subject>Mortality</subject><subject>Nephrology. Urinary tract diseases</subject><subject>Predictive Value of Tests</subject><subject>Prostheses</subject><subject>Treatment Outcome</subject><subject>Urinary system involvement in other diseases. Miscellaneous</subject><subject>Urine</subject><subject>Variables</subject><issn>0002-8703</issn><issn>1097-6744</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2011</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><sourceid>8G5</sourceid><sourceid>ABUWG</sourceid><sourceid>AFKRA</sourceid><sourceid>AZQEC</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><sourceid>CCPQU</sourceid><sourceid>DWQXO</sourceid><sourceid>GNUQQ</sourceid><sourceid>GUQSH</sourceid><sourceid>M2O</sourceid><recordid>eNp9Ul1rFDEUHUSx2-oP8EUCIn2aNV8zmSAUpPhRKPigPofszZ0209nMmmQW9t-bYVcLfRAu3ATOuR_n3Kp6w-iaUdZ-GNb2flhzytialqD6WbViVKu6VVI-r1aUUl53ioqz6jyloXxb3rUvqzPOpBJaiVUVbgJ4hwGQ2ODILqLzkKeYyNQTC3NG8uBdwAPxYZjjksjOZo8hJzIHh_Fu8uGO5GhDApvvMWMkdorZA9nbcY_Eb3ejDbmQpvCqetHbMeHrU76ofn35_PP6W337_evN9afbGmTb5Jpr2oBUyNWGAoJlWuieUtmC2_C2c7zXrUBodMeFLcvIRgFjjcMNACsvcVFdHuvu4vR7xpTN1ifAsQyC05xM1zJOlRYL8t0T5DDNMZThDGtkJ1kndFNQ7IiCOKUUsTe76Lc2HgyjZvHCDKZ4YRYvDC1BdeG8PVWeN1t0_xh_xS-A9yeALdKNfZEQfHrESdo1TC7NPx5xWBTbe4wmgV8scz4iZOMm_98xrp6wYfTBl4YPeMD0uK1J3FDzYzma5WYYKy-lufgDq6u8JQ</recordid><startdate>20110401</startdate><enddate>20110401</enddate><creator>Elhmidi, Yacine, MD</creator><creator>Bleiziffer, Sabine, MD</creator><creator>Piazza, Nicolo, MD, PhD, FRCPC, FESC</creator><creator>Hutter, Andrea, MD</creator><creator>Opitz, Anke, MD</creator><creator>Hettich, Ina, MD</creator><creator>Kornek, Matthias, MD</creator><creator>Ruge, Hendrik, MD</creator><creator>Brockmann, Gernot, MD</creator><creator>Mazzitelli, Domenico, MD</creator><creator>Lange, Rüdiger, MD, PhD</creator><general>Elsevier Inc</general><general>Mosby</general><general>Elsevier Limited</general><scope>IQODW</scope><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>3V.</scope><scope>7QO</scope><scope>7RV</scope><scope>7TS</scope><scope>7X7</scope><scope>7XB</scope><scope>88C</scope><scope>88E</scope><scope>8AO</scope><scope>8C1</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>8FI</scope><scope>8FJ</scope><scope>8FK</scope><scope>8G5</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>AN0</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>FR3</scope><scope>FYUFA</scope><scope>GHDGH</scope><scope>GNUQQ</scope><scope>GUQSH</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>KB0</scope><scope>M0S</scope><scope>M0T</scope><scope>M1P</scope><scope>M2O</scope><scope>MBDVC</scope><scope>NAPCQ</scope><scope>P64</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>PRINS</scope><scope>Q9U</scope><scope>7X8</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20110401</creationdate><title>Incidence and predictors of acute kidney injury in patients undergoing transcatheter aortic valve implantation</title><author>Elhmidi, Yacine, MD ; Bleiziffer, Sabine, MD ; Piazza, Nicolo, MD, PhD, FRCPC, FESC ; Hutter, Andrea, MD ; Opitz, Anke, MD ; Hettich, Ina, MD ; Kornek, Matthias, MD ; Ruge, Hendrik, MD ; Brockmann, Gernot, MD ; Mazzitelli, Domenico, MD ; Lange, Rüdiger, MD, PhD</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c465t-2905c47e27b0ceca1939f0046cdb268d2f963ec59823a214457c115debcc1c113</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2011</creationdate><topic>Acute Kidney Injury - blood</topic><topic>Acute Kidney Injury - epidemiology</topic><topic>Acute Kidney Injury - etiology</topic><topic>Age</topic><topic>Aged</topic><topic>Aged, 80 and over</topic><topic>Aortic Valve Stenosis - surgery</topic><topic>Biological and medical sciences</topic><topic>Blood</topic><topic>Blood transfusions</topic><topic>Body mass index</topic><topic>Cardiac Catheterization - adverse effects</topic><topic>Cardiology</topic><topic>Cardiology. Vascular system</topic><topic>Cardiovascular</topic><topic>Cardiovascular disease</topic><topic>Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease</topic><topic>Creatinine - blood</topic><topic>Diabetes</topic><topic>Female</topic><topic>Gender</topic><topic>Heart</topic><topic>Heart Valve Prosthesis Implantation - adverse effects</topic><topic>Hospital Mortality</topic><topic>Hospitalization</topic><topic>Hospitals</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Hypertension</topic><topic>Incidence</topic><topic>Kidneys</topic><topic>Logistics</topic><topic>Male</topic><topic>Medical sciences</topic><topic>Mortality</topic><topic>Nephrology. Urinary tract diseases</topic><topic>Predictive Value of Tests</topic><topic>Prostheses</topic><topic>Treatment Outcome</topic><topic>Urinary system involvement in other diseases. Miscellaneous</topic><topic>Urine</topic><topic>Variables</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Elhmidi, Yacine, MD</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Bleiziffer, Sabine, MD</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Piazza, Nicolo, MD, PhD, FRCPC, FESC</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hutter, Andrea, MD</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Opitz, Anke, MD</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hettich, Ina, MD</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kornek, Matthias, MD</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ruge, Hendrik, MD</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Brockmann, Gernot, MD</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Mazzitelli, Domenico, MD</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lange, Rüdiger, MD, PhD</creatorcontrib><collection>Pascal-Francis</collection><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Corporate)</collection><collection>Biotechnology Research Abstracts</collection><collection>Proquest Nursing & Allied Health Source</collection><collection>Physical Education Index</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>Healthcare Administration Database (Alumni)</collection><collection>Medical Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Pharma Collection</collection><collection>Public Health Database</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni) (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>Research Library (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central UK/Ireland</collection><collection>British Nursing Database</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Essentials</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>ProQuest One Community College</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Korea</collection><collection>Engineering Research Database</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection (Alumni)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Student</collection><collection>Research Library Prep</collection><collection>ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)</collection><collection>Nursing & Allied Health Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Healthcare Administration Database</collection><collection>Medical Database</collection><collection>Research Library</collection><collection>Research Library (Corporate)</collection><collection>Nursing & Allied Health Premium</collection><collection>Biotechnology and BioEngineering Abstracts</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition</collection><collection>ProQuest Central China</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Basic</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><jtitle>The American heart journal</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Elhmidi, Yacine, MD</au><au>Bleiziffer, Sabine, MD</au><au>Piazza, Nicolo, MD, PhD, FRCPC, FESC</au><au>Hutter, Andrea, MD</au><au>Opitz, Anke, MD</au><au>Hettich, Ina, MD</au><au>Kornek, Matthias, MD</au><au>Ruge, Hendrik, MD</au><au>Brockmann, Gernot, MD</au><au>Mazzitelli, Domenico, MD</au><au>Lange, Rüdiger, MD, PhD</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Incidence and predictors of acute kidney injury in patients undergoing transcatheter aortic valve implantation</atitle><jtitle>The American heart journal</jtitle><addtitle>Am Heart J</addtitle><date>2011-04-01</date><risdate>2011</risdate><volume>161</volume><issue>4</issue><spage>735</spage><epage>739</epage><pages>735-739</pages><issn>0002-8703</issn><eissn>1097-6744</eissn><coden>AHJOA2</coden><abstract>Background Acute kidney injury (AKI) can occur in up to one third of patients after surgical aortic valve replacement and can be associated with increased mortality. Little data exist, however, about the incidence, predictors, and prognostic implications of AKI after transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI). Objectives The aim of this study was to examine the incidence, predictors, and prognostic implications of AKI after TAVI. Methods Between January 2007 and January 2010, we prospectively enrolled 234 consecutive patients who underwent TAVI with the Medtronic CoreValve System (Medtronic CoreValve, Minneapolis, Minnesota) or Edwards SAPIEN (Edwards Lifesciences, Inc, Irvine, CA) heart valve. Acute kidney injury was defined according to the risk, injury, failure, loss, end-stage criteria. Patients with preoperative end-stage renal failure requiring dialysis were excluded. Baseline characteristics and procedural-related factors were examined as predictors for AKI in a multivariable regression model. Results Acute kidney injury was identified in 46 (19.6%) of 234 patients, and 24 (10.3%) of 234 patients required renal replacement therapy. The unadjusted in-hospital mortality rate was 15.2% in those patients without AKI and 7.7% in those with AKI ( P = .015). Univariable logistic regression analysis identified preoperative serum creatinine, preoperative blood urea nitrogen, peripheral vascular disease, and blood transfusion to be associated with AKI. Preoperative serum creatinine level remained as the only independent predictor of AKI (OR 3.7 95%, CI 1.24-11.3, P = .019). The amount of contrast used (in milliliters) was not associated with AKI (OR 1.8 95%, CI 0.94-3.5, P = .07). Conclusion In this study, we observed that one fifth of patients developed AKI after TAVI and that AKI was associated with increased in-hospital mortality. Preoperative serum creatinine level was identified as the only predictor of AKI.</abstract><cop>New York, NY</cop><pub>Elsevier Inc</pub><pmid>21473973</pmid><doi>10.1016/j.ahj.2011.01.009</doi><tpages>5</tpages></addata></record> |
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| subjects | Acute Kidney Injury - blood Acute Kidney Injury - epidemiology Acute Kidney Injury - etiology Age Aged Aged, 80 and over Aortic Valve Stenosis - surgery Biological and medical sciences Blood Blood transfusions Body mass index Cardiac Catheterization - adverse effects Cardiology Cardiology. Vascular system Cardiovascular Cardiovascular disease Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease Creatinine - blood Diabetes Female Gender Heart Heart Valve Prosthesis Implantation - adverse effects Hospital Mortality Hospitalization Hospitals Humans Hypertension Incidence Kidneys Logistics Male Medical sciences Mortality Nephrology. Urinary tract diseases Predictive Value of Tests Prostheses Treatment Outcome Urinary system involvement in other diseases. Miscellaneous Urine Variables |
| title | Incidence and predictors of acute kidney injury in patients undergoing transcatheter aortic valve implantation |
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