Cerium Relieves the Inhibition of Nitrogen Metabolism of Spinach Caused by Magnesium Deficiency
Magnesium is one of the essential elements for plant growth and cerium is a beneficial element for plant growth. However, the effects of the fact that cerium improves the nitrogen metabolism of plants under magnesium deficiency is poorly understood. The main aim of the study was to determine the rol...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Biological trace element research 2009-12, Vol.132 (1-3), p.247-258 |
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| creator | Yin, Sitao Ze, Yuguan Liu, Chao Li, Na Zhou, Min Duan, Yanmei Hong, Fashui |
| description | Magnesium is one of the essential elements for plant growth and cerium is a beneficial element for plant growth. However, the effects of the fact that cerium improves the nitrogen metabolism of plants under magnesium deficiency is poorly understood. The main aim of the study was to determine the role of cerium in the amelioration of magnesium-deficiency effects in spinach plants. Spinach plants were cultivated in Hoagland's solution. They were subjected to magnesium deficiency and to cerium chloride administered in the magnesium-present media and magnesium-deficient media. Spinach plants grown in the magnesium-present media and magnesium-deficient media were measured for key enzyme activities involved in nitrogen metabolism such as nitrate reductase, nitrite reductase, glutamate dehydrogenase, glutamate synthase, urease, glutamic-pyruvic transaminase, and glutamic-oxaloace protease transaminase. As the nitrogen metabolism in spinach was significantly inhibited by magnesium deficiency, it caused a significant reduction of spinach plant weight, leaf turning chlorosis. However, cerium treatment grown in magnesium-deficiency media significantly promoted the activities of the key enzymes as well as the contents of the free amino acids, chlorophyll, soluble protein, and spinach growth. It implied that Ce³⁺ could partly substitute for magnesium to facilitate the transformation from inorganic nitrogen to organic nitrogen, leading to the improvement of spinach growth, although the metabolism needs to be investigated further. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1007/s12011-009-8392-z |
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However, the effects of the fact that cerium improves the nitrogen metabolism of plants under magnesium deficiency is poorly understood. The main aim of the study was to determine the role of cerium in the amelioration of magnesium-deficiency effects in spinach plants. Spinach plants were cultivated in Hoagland's solution. They were subjected to magnesium deficiency and to cerium chloride administered in the magnesium-present media and magnesium-deficient media. Spinach plants grown in the magnesium-present media and magnesium-deficient media were measured for key enzyme activities involved in nitrogen metabolism such as nitrate reductase, nitrite reductase, glutamate dehydrogenase, glutamate synthase, urease, glutamic-pyruvic transaminase, and glutamic-oxaloace protease transaminase. As the nitrogen metabolism in spinach was significantly inhibited by magnesium deficiency, it caused a significant reduction of spinach plant weight, leaf turning chlorosis. However, cerium treatment grown in magnesium-deficiency media significantly promoted the activities of the key enzymes as well as the contents of the free amino acids, chlorophyll, soluble protein, and spinach growth. It implied that Ce³⁺ could partly substitute for magnesium to facilitate the transformation from inorganic nitrogen to organic nitrogen, leading to the improvement of spinach growth, although the metabolism needs to be investigated further.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0163-4984</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1559-0720</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1007/s12011-009-8392-z</identifier><identifier>PMID: 19418026</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>New York: New York : Humana Press Inc</publisher><subject>Alanine Transaminase - metabolism ; Amino acids ; Aspartate Aminotransferases - metabolism ; Biochemistry ; Biomedical and Life Sciences ; Biotechnology ; Cerium ; Cerium - pharmacology ; Chloride ; Chlorophyll ; Chlorosis ; Enzymatic activity ; Enzyme Activation - drug effects ; Enzymes ; Glutamate dehydrogenase ; Glutamate Dehydrogenase - drug effects ; Glutamate Synthase - metabolism ; Glutamic acid ; Leaves ; Life Sciences ; Magnesium ; Magnesium Deficiency ; Media (culture) ; Metabolism ; Nitrate reductase ; Nitrate Reductase - metabolism ; Nitrates - metabolism ; Nitrite reductase ; Nitrite Reductases - metabolism ; Nitrogen ; Nitrogen - metabolism ; Nutrition ; Oncology ; Organic nitrogen ; Plant growth ; Proteinase ; Spinacia oleracea ; Spinacia oleracea - drug effects ; Spinacia oleracea - metabolism ; transaminase ; Transformation ; Urease ; Urease - metabolism ; Vegetables</subject><ispartof>Biological trace element research, 2009-12, Vol.132 (1-3), p.247-258</ispartof><rights>Humana Press Inc. 2009</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c425t-a52801ace8bfcde1fa2b75c535c9f1ec1ac3e1cce81247283f4d20af145565013</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c425t-a52801ace8bfcde1fa2b75c535c9f1ec1ac3e1cce81247283f4d20af145565013</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s12011-009-8392-z$$EPDF$$P50$$Gspringer$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://link.springer.com/10.1007/s12011-009-8392-z$$EHTML$$P50$$Gspringer$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,776,780,27901,27902,41464,42533,51294</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19418026$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Yin, Sitao</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ze, Yuguan</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Liu, Chao</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Li, Na</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Zhou, Min</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Duan, Yanmei</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hong, Fashui</creatorcontrib><title>Cerium Relieves the Inhibition of Nitrogen Metabolism of Spinach Caused by Magnesium Deficiency</title><title>Biological trace element research</title><addtitle>Biol Trace Elem Res</addtitle><addtitle>Biol Trace Elem Res</addtitle><description>Magnesium is one of the essential elements for plant growth and cerium is a beneficial element for plant growth. However, the effects of the fact that cerium improves the nitrogen metabolism of plants under magnesium deficiency is poorly understood. The main aim of the study was to determine the role of cerium in the amelioration of magnesium-deficiency effects in spinach plants. Spinach plants were cultivated in Hoagland's solution. They were subjected to magnesium deficiency and to cerium chloride administered in the magnesium-present media and magnesium-deficient media. Spinach plants grown in the magnesium-present media and magnesium-deficient media were measured for key enzyme activities involved in nitrogen metabolism such as nitrate reductase, nitrite reductase, glutamate dehydrogenase, glutamate synthase, urease, glutamic-pyruvic transaminase, and glutamic-oxaloace protease transaminase. As the nitrogen metabolism in spinach was significantly inhibited by magnesium deficiency, it caused a significant reduction of spinach plant weight, leaf turning chlorosis. However, cerium treatment grown in magnesium-deficiency media significantly promoted the activities of the key enzymes as well as the contents of the free amino acids, chlorophyll, soluble protein, and spinach growth. It implied that Ce³⁺ could partly substitute for magnesium to facilitate the transformation from inorganic nitrogen to organic nitrogen, leading to the improvement of spinach growth, although the metabolism needs to be investigated further.</description><subject>Alanine Transaminase - metabolism</subject><subject>Amino acids</subject><subject>Aspartate Aminotransferases - metabolism</subject><subject>Biochemistry</subject><subject>Biomedical and Life Sciences</subject><subject>Biotechnology</subject><subject>Cerium</subject><subject>Cerium - pharmacology</subject><subject>Chloride</subject><subject>Chlorophyll</subject><subject>Chlorosis</subject><subject>Enzymatic activity</subject><subject>Enzyme Activation - drug effects</subject><subject>Enzymes</subject><subject>Glutamate dehydrogenase</subject><subject>Glutamate Dehydrogenase - drug effects</subject><subject>Glutamate Synthase - metabolism</subject><subject>Glutamic acid</subject><subject>Leaves</subject><subject>Life Sciences</subject><subject>Magnesium</subject><subject>Magnesium Deficiency</subject><subject>Media (culture)</subject><subject>Metabolism</subject><subject>Nitrate reductase</subject><subject>Nitrate Reductase - metabolism</subject><subject>Nitrates - metabolism</subject><subject>Nitrite reductase</subject><subject>Nitrite Reductases - metabolism</subject><subject>Nitrogen</subject><subject>Nitrogen - metabolism</subject><subject>Nutrition</subject><subject>Oncology</subject><subject>Organic nitrogen</subject><subject>Plant growth</subject><subject>Proteinase</subject><subject>Spinacia oleracea</subject><subject>Spinacia oleracea - drug effects</subject><subject>Spinacia oleracea - metabolism</subject><subject>transaminase</subject><subject>Transformation</subject><subject>Urease</subject><subject>Urease - metabolism</subject><subject>Vegetables</subject><issn>0163-4984</issn><issn>1559-0720</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2009</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><recordid>eNp9kU1v1DAQhi0EokvhB3CBiAOcAjOOnThHtHxVakGi9Gw53vGuqyTe2gnS9tfjVVaqxKEnS57nfa3xw9hrhI8I0HxKyAGxBGhLVbW8vH_CVihlW0LD4SlbAdZVKVolztiLlG4BsOFt9ZydYStQAa9XTK8p-nkoflPv6S-lYtpRcTHufOcnH8YiuOKnn2LY0lhc0WS60Ps0HK-v9340dleszZxoU3SH4spsR0rHti_kvPU02sNL9syZPtGr03nObr59_bP-UV7--n6x_nxZWsHlVBrJFaCxpDpnN4TO8K6RVlbStg7J5lFFaPMcuWi4qpzYcDAOhZS1BKzO2Yeldx_D3Uxp0oNPlvrejBTmpFUNSmEt60y-f5TkyFuVPyqD7_4Db8Mcx7xFZpTg0Kg2Q7hANoaUIjm9j34w8aAR9FGSXiTpLEkfJen7nHlzKp67gTYPiZOVDPAFSHk0bik-vPxY69sl5EzQZht90jfXGaqydVC1ENU_8Qql2A</recordid><startdate>20091201</startdate><enddate>20091201</enddate><creator>Yin, Sitao</creator><creator>Ze, Yuguan</creator><creator>Liu, Chao</creator><creator>Li, Na</creator><creator>Zhou, Min</creator><creator>Duan, Yanmei</creator><creator>Hong, Fashui</creator><general>New York : Humana Press Inc</general><general>Humana Press Inc</general><general>Springer Nature B.V</general><scope>FBQ</scope><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>3V.</scope><scope>7QH</scope><scope>7QP</scope><scope>7TN</scope><scope>7U7</scope><scope>7UA</scope><scope>7X7</scope><scope>7XB</scope><scope>88A</scope><scope>88E</scope><scope>88I</scope><scope>8AO</scope><scope>8FE</scope><scope>8FH</scope><scope>8FI</scope><scope>8FJ</scope><scope>8FK</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AEUYN</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BBNVY</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>BHPHI</scope><scope>BKSAR</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>F1W</scope><scope>FYUFA</scope><scope>GHDGH</scope><scope>GNUQQ</scope><scope>H97</scope><scope>HCIFZ</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>L.G</scope><scope>LK8</scope><scope>M0S</scope><scope>M1P</scope><scope>M2P</scope><scope>M7P</scope><scope>PCBAR</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>Q9U</scope><scope>7X8</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20091201</creationdate><title>Cerium Relieves the Inhibition of Nitrogen Metabolism of Spinach Caused by Magnesium Deficiency</title><author>Yin, Sitao ; Ze, Yuguan ; Liu, Chao ; Li, Na ; Zhou, Min ; Duan, Yanmei ; Hong, Fashui</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c425t-a52801ace8bfcde1fa2b75c535c9f1ec1ac3e1cce81247283f4d20af145565013</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2009</creationdate><topic>Alanine Transaminase - 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Academic</collection><jtitle>Biological trace element research</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Yin, Sitao</au><au>Ze, Yuguan</au><au>Liu, Chao</au><au>Li, Na</au><au>Zhou, Min</au><au>Duan, Yanmei</au><au>Hong, Fashui</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Cerium Relieves the Inhibition of Nitrogen Metabolism of Spinach Caused by Magnesium Deficiency</atitle><jtitle>Biological trace element research</jtitle><stitle>Biol Trace Elem Res</stitle><addtitle>Biol Trace Elem Res</addtitle><date>2009-12-01</date><risdate>2009</risdate><volume>132</volume><issue>1-3</issue><spage>247</spage><epage>258</epage><pages>247-258</pages><issn>0163-4984</issn><eissn>1559-0720</eissn><abstract>Magnesium is one of the essential elements for plant growth and cerium is a beneficial element for plant growth. However, the effects of the fact that cerium improves the nitrogen metabolism of plants under magnesium deficiency is poorly understood. The main aim of the study was to determine the role of cerium in the amelioration of magnesium-deficiency effects in spinach plants. Spinach plants were cultivated in Hoagland's solution. They were subjected to magnesium deficiency and to cerium chloride administered in the magnesium-present media and magnesium-deficient media. Spinach plants grown in the magnesium-present media and magnesium-deficient media were measured for key enzyme activities involved in nitrogen metabolism such as nitrate reductase, nitrite reductase, glutamate dehydrogenase, glutamate synthase, urease, glutamic-pyruvic transaminase, and glutamic-oxaloace protease transaminase. As the nitrogen metabolism in spinach was significantly inhibited by magnesium deficiency, it caused a significant reduction of spinach plant weight, leaf turning chlorosis. However, cerium treatment grown in magnesium-deficiency media significantly promoted the activities of the key enzymes as well as the contents of the free amino acids, chlorophyll, soluble protein, and spinach growth. It implied that Ce³⁺ could partly substitute for magnesium to facilitate the transformation from inorganic nitrogen to organic nitrogen, leading to the improvement of spinach growth, although the metabolism needs to be investigated further.</abstract><cop>New York</cop><pub>New York : Humana Press Inc</pub><pmid>19418026</pmid><doi>10.1007/s12011-009-8392-z</doi><tpages>12</tpages></addata></record> |
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| subjects | Alanine Transaminase - metabolism Amino acids Aspartate Aminotransferases - metabolism Biochemistry Biomedical and Life Sciences Biotechnology Cerium Cerium - pharmacology Chloride Chlorophyll Chlorosis Enzymatic activity Enzyme Activation - drug effects Enzymes Glutamate dehydrogenase Glutamate Dehydrogenase - drug effects Glutamate Synthase - metabolism Glutamic acid Leaves Life Sciences Magnesium Magnesium Deficiency Media (culture) Metabolism Nitrate reductase Nitrate Reductase - metabolism Nitrates - metabolism Nitrite reductase Nitrite Reductases - metabolism Nitrogen Nitrogen - metabolism Nutrition Oncology Organic nitrogen Plant growth Proteinase Spinacia oleracea Spinacia oleracea - drug effects Spinacia oleracea - metabolism transaminase Transformation Urease Urease - metabolism Vegetables |
| title | Cerium Relieves the Inhibition of Nitrogen Metabolism of Spinach Caused by Magnesium Deficiency |
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