Kinetic assessment and modeling of an ozonation step for full-scale municipal wastewater treatment: Micropollutant oxidation, by-product formation and disinfection
The kinetics of oxidation and disinfection processes during ozonation in a full-scale reactor treating secondary wastewater effluent were investigated for seven ozone doses ranging from 0.21 to 1.24 g O3 g−1 dissolved organic carbon (DOC). Substances reacting fast with ozone, such as diclofenac or c...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Water research (Oxford) 2011-01, Vol.45 (2), p.605-617 |
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| creator | Zimmermann, Saskia G. Wittenwiler, Mathias Hollender, Juliane Krauss, Martin Ort, Christoph Siegrist, Hansruedi von Gunten, Urs |
| description | The kinetics of oxidation and disinfection processes during ozonation in a full-scale reactor treating secondary wastewater effluent were investigated for seven ozone doses ranging from 0.21 to 1.24 g O3 g−1 dissolved organic carbon (DOC). Substances reacting fast with ozone, such as diclofenac or carbamazepine (kP,O3 > 104 M−1 s−1), were eliminated within the gas bubble column, except for the lowest ozone dose of 0.21 g O3 g−1 DOC. For this low dose, this could be attributed to short-circuiting within the reactor. Substances with lower ozone reactivity (kP,O3 |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1016/j.watres.2010.07.080 |
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The predictions of micropollutant oxidation based on coupling reactor hydraulics with ozone chemistry and reaction kinetics were up to a factor of 2.5 higher than full-scale measurements. Monte Carlo simulations showed that the observed differences were higher than model uncertainties. The overestimation of micropollutant oxidation was attributed to a protection of micropollutants from ozone attack by the interaction with aquatic colloids. Laboratory-scale batch experiments using wastewater from the same full-scale treatment plant could predict the oxidation of slowly-reacting micropollutants on the full-scale level within a factor of 1.5. The Rct value, the experimentally determined ratio of the concentrations of hydroxyl radicals and ozone, was identified as a major contribution to this difference.
An increase in the formation of bromate, a potential human carcinogen, was observed with increasing ozone doses. The final concentration for the highest ozone dose of 1.24 g O3 g−1 DOC was 7.5 μg L−1, which is below the drinking water standard of 10 μg L−1. N-Nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) formation of up to 15 ng L−1 was observed in the first compartment of the reactor, followed by a slight elimination during sand filtration. Assimilable organic carbon (AOC) increased up to 740 μg AOC L−1, with no clear trend when correlated to the ozone dose, and decreased by up to 50% during post-sand filtration. The disinfection capacity of the ozone reactor was assessed to be 1–4.5 log units in terms of total cell counts (TCC) and 0.5 to 2.5 log units for Escherichia coli (E. coli). Regrowth of up to 2.5 log units during sand filtration was observed for TCC while no regrowth occurred for E. coli. E. coli inactivation could not be accurately predicted by the model approach, most likely due to shielding of E. coli by flocs.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0043-1354</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1879-2448</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2010.07.080</identifier><identifier>PMID: 20828780</identifier><identifier>CODEN: WATRAG</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Kidlington: Elsevier Ltd</publisher><subject>Applied sciences ; Atenolol - chemistry ; Bromates ; Byproducts ; carbon ; colloids ; Disinfection ; Disinfection - methods ; dissolved organic carbon ; drinking water ; Escherichia coli ; Exact sciences and technology ; Filtration ; fluid mechanics ; Full-scale ozonation ; humans ; Hydroxyl Radical - chemistry ; hydroxyl radicals ; Kinetics ; Mathematical models ; Micropollutant oxidation ; Modeling ; Monte Carlo method ; municipal wastewater ; N-nitrosodimethylamine ; Oxidation ; Oxidation by-products ; Oxidation-Reduction ; ozonation ; Ozone ; Ozone - chemistry ; Pollution ; prediction ; Rct ; reaction kinetics ; Reactors ; regrowth ; Sand ; Triazoles - chemistry ; Waste Disposal, Fluid - methods ; Waste water ; wastewater treatment ; Water Microbiology ; Water Pollutants, Chemical - chemistry ; Water treatment and pollution</subject><ispartof>Water research (Oxford), 2011-01, Vol.45 (2), p.605-617</ispartof><rights>2010 Elsevier Ltd</rights><rights>2015 INIST-CNRS</rights><rights>Copyright © 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c546t-136a697ad39c47a485bef3177a8397746fac6b9c3396a248bdc397ff71de17103</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c546t-136a697ad39c47a485bef3177a8397746fac6b9c3396a248bdc397ff71de17103</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0043135410005634$$EHTML$$P50$$Gelsevier$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,776,780,3537,4010,27900,27901,27902,65306</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttp://pascal-francis.inist.fr/vibad/index.php?action=getRecordDetail&idt=23750724$$DView record in Pascal Francis$$Hfree_for_read</backlink><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20828780$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Zimmermann, Saskia G.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wittenwiler, Mathias</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hollender, Juliane</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Krauss, Martin</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ort, Christoph</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Siegrist, Hansruedi</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>von Gunten, Urs</creatorcontrib><title>Kinetic assessment and modeling of an ozonation step for full-scale municipal wastewater treatment: Micropollutant oxidation, by-product formation and disinfection</title><title>Water research (Oxford)</title><addtitle>Water Res</addtitle><description>The kinetics of oxidation and disinfection processes during ozonation in a full-scale reactor treating secondary wastewater effluent were investigated for seven ozone doses ranging from 0.21 to 1.24 g O3 g−1 dissolved organic carbon (DOC). Substances reacting fast with ozone, such as diclofenac or carbamazepine (kP,O3 > 104 M−1 s−1), were eliminated within the gas bubble column, except for the lowest ozone dose of 0.21 g O3 g−1 DOC. For this low dose, this could be attributed to short-circuiting within the reactor. Substances with lower ozone reactivity (kP,O3 < 104 M−1 s−1) were only fully eliminated for higher ozone doses.
The predictions of micropollutant oxidation based on coupling reactor hydraulics with ozone chemistry and reaction kinetics were up to a factor of 2.5 higher than full-scale measurements. Monte Carlo simulations showed that the observed differences were higher than model uncertainties. The overestimation of micropollutant oxidation was attributed to a protection of micropollutants from ozone attack by the interaction with aquatic colloids. Laboratory-scale batch experiments using wastewater from the same full-scale treatment plant could predict the oxidation of slowly-reacting micropollutants on the full-scale level within a factor of 1.5. The Rct value, the experimentally determined ratio of the concentrations of hydroxyl radicals and ozone, was identified as a major contribution to this difference.
An increase in the formation of bromate, a potential human carcinogen, was observed with increasing ozone doses. The final concentration for the highest ozone dose of 1.24 g O3 g−1 DOC was 7.5 μg L−1, which is below the drinking water standard of 10 μg L−1. N-Nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) formation of up to 15 ng L−1 was observed in the first compartment of the reactor, followed by a slight elimination during sand filtration. Assimilable organic carbon (AOC) increased up to 740 μg AOC L−1, with no clear trend when correlated to the ozone dose, and decreased by up to 50% during post-sand filtration. The disinfection capacity of the ozone reactor was assessed to be 1–4.5 log units in terms of total cell counts (TCC) and 0.5 to 2.5 log units for Escherichia coli (E. coli). Regrowth of up to 2.5 log units during sand filtration was observed for TCC while no regrowth occurred for E. coli. E. coli inactivation could not be accurately predicted by the model approach, most likely due to shielding of E. coli by flocs.</description><subject>Applied sciences</subject><subject>Atenolol - chemistry</subject><subject>Bromates</subject><subject>Byproducts</subject><subject>carbon</subject><subject>colloids</subject><subject>Disinfection</subject><subject>Disinfection - methods</subject><subject>dissolved organic carbon</subject><subject>drinking water</subject><subject>Escherichia coli</subject><subject>Exact sciences and technology</subject><subject>Filtration</subject><subject>fluid mechanics</subject><subject>Full-scale ozonation</subject><subject>humans</subject><subject>Hydroxyl Radical - chemistry</subject><subject>hydroxyl radicals</subject><subject>Kinetics</subject><subject>Mathematical models</subject><subject>Micropollutant oxidation</subject><subject>Modeling</subject><subject>Monte Carlo method</subject><subject>municipal wastewater</subject><subject>N-nitrosodimethylamine</subject><subject>Oxidation</subject><subject>Oxidation by-products</subject><subject>Oxidation-Reduction</subject><subject>ozonation</subject><subject>Ozone</subject><subject>Ozone - chemistry</subject><subject>Pollution</subject><subject>prediction</subject><subject>Rct</subject><subject>reaction kinetics</subject><subject>Reactors</subject><subject>regrowth</subject><subject>Sand</subject><subject>Triazoles - chemistry</subject><subject>Waste Disposal, Fluid - methods</subject><subject>Waste water</subject><subject>wastewater treatment</subject><subject>Water Microbiology</subject><subject>Water Pollutants, Chemical - chemistry</subject><subject>Water treatment and pollution</subject><issn>0043-1354</issn><issn>1879-2448</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2011</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><recordid>eNp9ksuO1DAQRSMEYpqBP0DgDYIFaezYiR0WSGjESwxiAbO2qv0YuZXYjZ0wDL_Dj1IhDexmEUUpn7p1XTdV9ZDRLaOse7HfXsGUXdk2FEtUbqmit6oNU7KvGyHU7WpDqeA14604qe6VsqeUNg3v71YnDVWNkopuql8fQ3RTMARKcaWMLk4EoiVjsm4I8ZIkj98k_UwRppAiKZM7EJ8y8fMw1MXA4Mg4x2DCAQZyBXiOvlwm6A2mRe8l-RRMToc0DPMEqJ9-BPtH7DnZXdeHnOxspkVzXEcs820oIXpnlsL96o6HobgHx_dpdfH2zdez9_X553cfzl6f16YV3YQX7aDrJVjeGyFBqHbnPGdSguK9lKLzYLpdbzjvO2iE2lmDde8ls45JRvlp9XTVRUvfZlcmPYZi3DBAdGkuWnWUqwZ3i-SzG0nWSSYkPj2iYkVxBaVk5_UhhxHytWZUL0HqvV6D1EuQmkqNQWLbo-OEeTc6-6_pb3IIPDkCsITgM0QTyn-Oy5bKZrH6eOU8JA2XGZmLLzipxb-B0bZblF6thMPdfg8u62KCi8bZkDEAbVO42etvmK3K_A</recordid><startdate>201101</startdate><enddate>201101</enddate><creator>Zimmermann, Saskia G.</creator><creator>Wittenwiler, Mathias</creator><creator>Hollender, Juliane</creator><creator>Krauss, Martin</creator><creator>Ort, Christoph</creator><creator>Siegrist, Hansruedi</creator><creator>von Gunten, Urs</creator><general>Elsevier Ltd</general><general>Elsevier</general><scope>FBQ</scope><scope>IQODW</scope><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7SU</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>FR3</scope><scope>KR7</scope><scope>7QH</scope><scope>7ST</scope><scope>7TN</scope><scope>7TV</scope><scope>7UA</scope><scope>F1W</scope><scope>H97</scope><scope>L.G</scope><scope>SOI</scope></search><sort><creationdate>201101</creationdate><title>Kinetic assessment and modeling of an ozonation step for full-scale municipal wastewater treatment: Micropollutant oxidation, by-product formation and disinfection</title><author>Zimmermann, Saskia G. ; Wittenwiler, Mathias ; Hollender, Juliane ; Krauss, Martin ; Ort, Christoph ; Siegrist, Hansruedi ; von Gunten, Urs</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c546t-136a697ad39c47a485bef3177a8397746fac6b9c3396a248bdc397ff71de17103</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2011</creationdate><topic>Applied sciences</topic><topic>Atenolol - chemistry</topic><topic>Bromates</topic><topic>Byproducts</topic><topic>carbon</topic><topic>colloids</topic><topic>Disinfection</topic><topic>Disinfection - methods</topic><topic>dissolved organic carbon</topic><topic>drinking water</topic><topic>Escherichia coli</topic><topic>Exact sciences and technology</topic><topic>Filtration</topic><topic>fluid mechanics</topic><topic>Full-scale ozonation</topic><topic>humans</topic><topic>Hydroxyl Radical - chemistry</topic><topic>hydroxyl radicals</topic><topic>Kinetics</topic><topic>Mathematical models</topic><topic>Micropollutant oxidation</topic><topic>Modeling</topic><topic>Monte Carlo method</topic><topic>municipal wastewater</topic><topic>N-nitrosodimethylamine</topic><topic>Oxidation</topic><topic>Oxidation by-products</topic><topic>Oxidation-Reduction</topic><topic>ozonation</topic><topic>Ozone</topic><topic>Ozone - chemistry</topic><topic>Pollution</topic><topic>prediction</topic><topic>Rct</topic><topic>reaction kinetics</topic><topic>Reactors</topic><topic>regrowth</topic><topic>Sand</topic><topic>Triazoles - chemistry</topic><topic>Waste Disposal, Fluid - methods</topic><topic>Waste water</topic><topic>wastewater treatment</topic><topic>Water Microbiology</topic><topic>Water Pollutants, Chemical - chemistry</topic><topic>Water treatment and pollution</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Zimmermann, Saskia G.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wittenwiler, Mathias</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hollender, Juliane</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Krauss, Martin</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ort, Christoph</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Siegrist, Hansruedi</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>von Gunten, Urs</creatorcontrib><collection>AGRIS</collection><collection>Pascal-Francis</collection><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Environmental Engineering Abstracts</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management</collection><collection>Engineering Research Database</collection><collection>Civil Engineering Abstracts</collection><collection>Aqualine</collection><collection>Environment Abstracts</collection><collection>Oceanic Abstracts</collection><collection>Pollution Abstracts</collection><collection>Water Resources Abstracts</collection><collection>ASFA: Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Abstracts</collection><collection>Aquatic Science & Fisheries Abstracts (ASFA) 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality</collection><collection>Aquatic Science & Fisheries Abstracts (ASFA) Professional</collection><collection>Environment Abstracts</collection><jtitle>Water research (Oxford)</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Zimmermann, Saskia G.</au><au>Wittenwiler, Mathias</au><au>Hollender, Juliane</au><au>Krauss, Martin</au><au>Ort, Christoph</au><au>Siegrist, Hansruedi</au><au>von Gunten, Urs</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Kinetic assessment and modeling of an ozonation step for full-scale municipal wastewater treatment: Micropollutant oxidation, by-product formation and disinfection</atitle><jtitle>Water research (Oxford)</jtitle><addtitle>Water Res</addtitle><date>2011-01</date><risdate>2011</risdate><volume>45</volume><issue>2</issue><spage>605</spage><epage>617</epage><pages>605-617</pages><issn>0043-1354</issn><eissn>1879-2448</eissn><coden>WATRAG</coden><abstract>The kinetics of oxidation and disinfection processes during ozonation in a full-scale reactor treating secondary wastewater effluent were investigated for seven ozone doses ranging from 0.21 to 1.24 g O3 g−1 dissolved organic carbon (DOC). Substances reacting fast with ozone, such as diclofenac or carbamazepine (kP,O3 > 104 M−1 s−1), were eliminated within the gas bubble column, except for the lowest ozone dose of 0.21 g O3 g−1 DOC. For this low dose, this could be attributed to short-circuiting within the reactor. Substances with lower ozone reactivity (kP,O3 < 104 M−1 s−1) were only fully eliminated for higher ozone doses.
The predictions of micropollutant oxidation based on coupling reactor hydraulics with ozone chemistry and reaction kinetics were up to a factor of 2.5 higher than full-scale measurements. Monte Carlo simulations showed that the observed differences were higher than model uncertainties. The overestimation of micropollutant oxidation was attributed to a protection of micropollutants from ozone attack by the interaction with aquatic colloids. Laboratory-scale batch experiments using wastewater from the same full-scale treatment plant could predict the oxidation of slowly-reacting micropollutants on the full-scale level within a factor of 1.5. The Rct value, the experimentally determined ratio of the concentrations of hydroxyl radicals and ozone, was identified as a major contribution to this difference.
An increase in the formation of bromate, a potential human carcinogen, was observed with increasing ozone doses. The final concentration for the highest ozone dose of 1.24 g O3 g−1 DOC was 7.5 μg L−1, which is below the drinking water standard of 10 μg L−1. N-Nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) formation of up to 15 ng L−1 was observed in the first compartment of the reactor, followed by a slight elimination during sand filtration. Assimilable organic carbon (AOC) increased up to 740 μg AOC L−1, with no clear trend when correlated to the ozone dose, and decreased by up to 50% during post-sand filtration. The disinfection capacity of the ozone reactor was assessed to be 1–4.5 log units in terms of total cell counts (TCC) and 0.5 to 2.5 log units for Escherichia coli (E. coli). Regrowth of up to 2.5 log units during sand filtration was observed for TCC while no regrowth occurred for E. coli. E. coli inactivation could not be accurately predicted by the model approach, most likely due to shielding of E. coli by flocs.</abstract><cop>Kidlington</cop><pub>Elsevier Ltd</pub><pmid>20828780</pmid><doi>10.1016/j.watres.2010.07.080</doi><tpages>13</tpages></addata></record> |
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| subjects | Applied sciences Atenolol - chemistry Bromates Byproducts carbon colloids Disinfection Disinfection - methods dissolved organic carbon drinking water Escherichia coli Exact sciences and technology Filtration fluid mechanics Full-scale ozonation humans Hydroxyl Radical - chemistry hydroxyl radicals Kinetics Mathematical models Micropollutant oxidation Modeling Monte Carlo method municipal wastewater N-nitrosodimethylamine Oxidation Oxidation by-products Oxidation-Reduction ozonation Ozone Ozone - chemistry Pollution prediction Rct reaction kinetics Reactors regrowth Sand Triazoles - chemistry Waste Disposal, Fluid - methods Waste water wastewater treatment Water Microbiology Water Pollutants, Chemical - chemistry Water treatment and pollution |
| title | Kinetic assessment and modeling of an ozonation step for full-scale municipal wastewater treatment: Micropollutant oxidation, by-product formation and disinfection |
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