Lead pellet retention time and associated toxicity in northern bobwhite quail (Colinus virginianus)

Birds are exposed to Pb by oral ingestion of spent Pb shot as grit. A paucity of data exists for retention and clearance of these particles in the bird gastrointestinal tract. In the current study, northern bobwhite quail (Colinus virginianus) were orally gavaged with 1, 5, or 10 Pb shot pellets, of...

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Veröffentlicht in:Environmental toxicology and chemistry 2010-12, Vol.29 (12), p.2869-2874
Hauptverfasser: Kerr, Richard, Holladay, Steven, Jarrett, Timothy, Selcer, Barbara, Meldrum, Blair, Williams, Susan, Tannenbaum, Lawrence, Holladay, Jeremy, Williams, Jamie, Gogal, Robert
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container_end_page 2874
container_issue 12
container_start_page 2869
container_title Environmental toxicology and chemistry
container_volume 29
creator Kerr, Richard
Holladay, Steven
Jarrett, Timothy
Selcer, Barbara
Meldrum, Blair
Williams, Susan
Tannenbaum, Lawrence
Holladay, Jeremy
Williams, Jamie
Gogal, Robert
description Birds are exposed to Pb by oral ingestion of spent Pb shot as grit. A paucity of data exists for retention and clearance of these particles in the bird gastrointestinal tract. In the current study, northern bobwhite quail (Colinus virginianus) were orally gavaged with 1, 5, or 10 Pb shot pellets, of 2‐mm diameter, and radiographically followed over time. Blood Pb levels and other measures of toxicity were collected, to correlate with pellet retention. Quail dosed with either 5 or 10 pellets exhibited morbidity between weeks 1 and 2 and were removed from further study. Most of the Pb pellets were absorbed or excreted within 14 d of gavage, independent of dose. Pellet size in the ventriculus decreased over time in radiographs, suggesting dissolution caused by the acidic pH. Birds dosed with one pellet showed mean blood Pb levels that exceeded 1,300 µg/dl at week 1, further supporting dissolution in the gastrointestinal tract. Limited signs of toxicity were seen in the one‐pellet birds; however, plasma δ‐aminolevulinic acid dehydratase (d‐ALAD) activity was persistently depressed, suggesting possible impaired hematological function. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2010;29:2869–2874. © 2010 SETAC
doi_str_mv 10.1002/etc.355
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A paucity of data exists for retention and clearance of these particles in the bird gastrointestinal tract. In the current study, northern bobwhite quail (Colinus virginianus) were orally gavaged with 1, 5, or 10 Pb shot pellets, of 2‐mm diameter, and radiographically followed over time. Blood Pb levels and other measures of toxicity were collected, to correlate with pellet retention. Quail dosed with either 5 or 10 pellets exhibited morbidity between weeks 1 and 2 and were removed from further study. Most of the Pb pellets were absorbed or excreted within 14 d of gavage, independent of dose. Pellet size in the ventriculus decreased over time in radiographs, suggesting dissolution caused by the acidic pH. Birds dosed with one pellet showed mean blood Pb levels that exceeded 1,300 µg/dl at week 1, further supporting dissolution in the gastrointestinal tract. Limited signs of toxicity were seen in the one‐pellet birds; however, plasma δ‐aminolevulinic acid dehydratase (d‐ALAD) activity was persistently depressed, suggesting possible impaired hematological function. Environ. Toxicol. 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Limited signs of toxicity were seen in the one‐pellet birds; however, plasma δ‐aminolevulinic acid dehydratase (d‐ALAD) activity was persistently depressed, suggesting possible impaired hematological function. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2010;29:2869–2874. © 2010 SETAC</abstract><cop>Hoboken, USA</cop><pub>John Wiley &amp; Sons, Inc</pub><pmid>20836061</pmid><doi>10.1002/etc.355</doi><tpages>6</tpages><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record>
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subjects Acidity
Animals
Avian
Birds
Blood
Colinus - blood
Colinus - metabolism
Colinus virginianus
d-ALAD
Dissolution
Female
Gastrointestinal tract
Ingestion
Lead
Lead (metal)
Lead - blood
Lead - pharmacokinetics
Lead - toxicity
Male
Pellets
Radiographs
Random Allocation
Retention
Retention time
Shot
Toxicity
Toxicology
Ventriculus
title Lead pellet retention time and associated toxicity in northern bobwhite quail (Colinus virginianus)
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