Social deprivation, ethnicity, and access to the deceased donor kidney transplant waiting list in England and Wales
Socioeconomic and ethnic inequity in access to kidney transplant waiting list has been described in the United States but not examined in a universal healthcare system. Eleven thousand two hundred ninety-nine patients aged 18 to 69 years starting renal replacement therapy (January 1, 1997 to Decembe...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Transplantation 2010-08, Vol.90 (3), p.279-285 |
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| creator | Udayaraj, Udaya Ben-Shlomo, Yoav Roderick, Paul Casula, Anna Dudley, Chris Johnson, Rachel Collett, Dave Ansell, David Tomson, Charles Caskey, Fergus |
| description | Socioeconomic and ethnic inequity in access to kidney transplant waiting list has been described in the United States but not examined in a universal healthcare system.
Eleven thousand two hundred ninety-nine patients aged 18 to 69 years starting renal replacement therapy (January 1, 1997 to December 31, 2004) in England and Wales were included. Multivariable Cox proportional hazards models were used to assess time to activation on the transplant waiting list for socially deprived patients among white patients. The effect of ethnic origin (South Asians and blacks compared with whites) was examined among all patients.
Among white patients, in the fully adjusted model, the hazard ratio (HR) for the most deprived quintile was 0.60 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.54-0.68, P trend |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1097/TP.0b013e3181e346e3 |
| format | Article |
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Eleven thousand two hundred ninety-nine patients aged 18 to 69 years starting renal replacement therapy (January 1, 1997 to December 31, 2004) in England and Wales were included. Multivariable Cox proportional hazards models were used to assess time to activation on the transplant waiting list for socially deprived patients among white patients. The effect of ethnic origin (South Asians and blacks compared with whites) was examined among all patients.
Among white patients, in the fully adjusted model, the hazard ratio (HR) for the most deprived quintile was 0.60 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.54-0.68, P trend <0.0001) compared with the least deprived. Deprivation effects were more pronounced among those 50 years and older (P value for interaction <0.0001). Non-whites had a lower risk of being waitlisted than whites (for blacks: HR 0.89, 95% CI 0.79-1.01; for South Asians: HR 0.91, 95% CI 0.83-0.99, P value for heterogeneity=0.03). These differences were attenuated in a fully adjusted model. However non-whites who were 50 years and older were more likely to be transplant waitlisted than whites (interaction P=0.002).
Individuals living in socially deprived areas have reduced access to the transplant waiting list. Understanding the reasons for this apparent inequity is important if we wish to ensure equitable access to renal transplants. There were no major differences by ethnicity, and if anything, older white patients were less likely to be waitlisted.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0041-1337</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1534-6080</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1097/TP.0b013e3181e346e3</identifier><identifier>PMID: 20523276</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>United States</publisher><subject><![CDATA[Adolescent ; Adult ; Age Factors ; Aged ; England ; Ethnic Groups - statistics & numerical data ; Female ; Health Services Accessibility - statistics & numerical data ; Healthcare Disparities - statistics & numerical data ; Humans ; Kidney Transplantation - ethnology ; Kidney Transplantation - statistics & numerical data ; Male ; Middle Aged ; National Health Programs - statistics & numerical data ; Poverty ; Proportional Hazards Models ; Referral and Consultation - statistics & numerical data ; Registries ; Risk Assessment ; Risk Factors ; Social Class ; Time Factors ; Tissue Donors - supply & distribution ; Waiting Lists ; Wales ; Young Adult]]></subject><ispartof>Transplantation, 2010-08, Vol.90 (3), p.279-285</ispartof><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c336t-a6b87fe7f0bf067f733ca651a0d68ded0220ddd10fe8cf88d43ae3fa884100db3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c336t-a6b87fe7f0bf067f733ca651a0d68ded0220ddd10fe8cf88d43ae3fa884100db3</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><link.rule.ids>315,781,785,27929,27930</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20523276$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Udayaraj, Udaya</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ben-Shlomo, Yoav</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Roderick, Paul</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Casula, Anna</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Dudley, Chris</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Johnson, Rachel</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Collett, Dave</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ansell, David</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Tomson, Charles</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Caskey, Fergus</creatorcontrib><title>Social deprivation, ethnicity, and access to the deceased donor kidney transplant waiting list in England and Wales</title><title>Transplantation</title><addtitle>Transplantation</addtitle><description>Socioeconomic and ethnic inequity in access to kidney transplant waiting list has been described in the United States but not examined in a universal healthcare system.
Eleven thousand two hundred ninety-nine patients aged 18 to 69 years starting renal replacement therapy (January 1, 1997 to December 31, 2004) in England and Wales were included. Multivariable Cox proportional hazards models were used to assess time to activation on the transplant waiting list for socially deprived patients among white patients. The effect of ethnic origin (South Asians and blacks compared with whites) was examined among all patients.
Among white patients, in the fully adjusted model, the hazard ratio (HR) for the most deprived quintile was 0.60 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.54-0.68, P trend <0.0001) compared with the least deprived. Deprivation effects were more pronounced among those 50 years and older (P value for interaction <0.0001). Non-whites had a lower risk of being waitlisted than whites (for blacks: HR 0.89, 95% CI 0.79-1.01; for South Asians: HR 0.91, 95% CI 0.83-0.99, P value for heterogeneity=0.03). These differences were attenuated in a fully adjusted model. However non-whites who were 50 years and older were more likely to be transplant waitlisted than whites (interaction P=0.002).
Individuals living in socially deprived areas have reduced access to the transplant waiting list. Understanding the reasons for this apparent inequity is important if we wish to ensure equitable access to renal transplants. There were no major differences by ethnicity, and if anything, older white patients were less likely to be waitlisted.</description><subject>Adolescent</subject><subject>Adult</subject><subject>Age Factors</subject><subject>Aged</subject><subject>England</subject><subject>Ethnic Groups - statistics & numerical data</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>Health Services Accessibility - statistics & numerical data</subject><subject>Healthcare Disparities - statistics & numerical data</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Kidney Transplantation - ethnology</subject><subject>Kidney Transplantation - statistics & numerical data</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>Middle Aged</subject><subject>National Health Programs - statistics & numerical data</subject><subject>Poverty</subject><subject>Proportional Hazards Models</subject><subject>Referral and Consultation - statistics & numerical data</subject><subject>Registries</subject><subject>Risk Assessment</subject><subject>Risk Factors</subject><subject>Social Class</subject><subject>Time Factors</subject><subject>Tissue Donors - supply & distribution</subject><subject>Waiting Lists</subject><subject>Wales</subject><subject>Young Adult</subject><issn>0041-1337</issn><issn>1534-6080</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2010</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><recordid>eNqFkcFO3DAQhi1UBMuWJ6hU-dYLgXHGsc2xQgtUQioSi3qMHHsMbrPONvYW7dsTWNpDLxxGc_n-T6P5Gfsk4FTAuT5b3p5CBwIJhRGEUhHusZloUFYKDHxgMwApKoGoD9lRzj8BoEGtD9hhDU2NtVYzlu8GF23PPa3H-MeWOKQTTuUxRRfL9oTb5Ll1jnLmZeDlkSbSkc3kuR_SMPJf0Sfa8jLalNe9TYU_2VhieuB9zIXHxBfpoX_VTPPD9pQ_sv1g-0zHb3vO7i8Xy4vr6ub71beLrzeVQ1SlsqozOpAO0AVQOmhEZ1UjLHhlPHmoa_DeCwhkXDDGS7SEwRojBYDvcM6-7Lzrcfi9oVzaVcyO-ukaGja5NY3SRoI075JamnPZCFATiTvSjUPOI4V2-tvKjttWQPtSS7u8bf-vZUp9fvNvuhX5f5m_PeAzoaOLEQ</recordid><startdate>20100815</startdate><enddate>20100815</enddate><creator>Udayaraj, Udaya</creator><creator>Ben-Shlomo, Yoav</creator><creator>Roderick, Paul</creator><creator>Casula, Anna</creator><creator>Dudley, Chris</creator><creator>Johnson, Rachel</creator><creator>Collett, Dave</creator><creator>Ansell, David</creator><creator>Tomson, Charles</creator><creator>Caskey, Fergus</creator><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7X8</scope><scope>7T5</scope><scope>H94</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20100815</creationdate><title>Social deprivation, ethnicity, and access to the deceased donor kidney transplant waiting list in England and Wales</title><author>Udayaraj, Udaya ; Ben-Shlomo, Yoav ; Roderick, Paul ; Casula, Anna ; Dudley, Chris ; Johnson, Rachel ; Collett, Dave ; Ansell, David ; Tomson, Charles ; Caskey, Fergus</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c336t-a6b87fe7f0bf067f733ca651a0d68ded0220ddd10fe8cf88d43ae3fa884100db3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2010</creationdate><topic>Adolescent</topic><topic>Adult</topic><topic>Age Factors</topic><topic>Aged</topic><topic>England</topic><topic>Ethnic Groups - statistics & numerical data</topic><topic>Female</topic><topic>Health Services Accessibility - statistics & numerical data</topic><topic>Healthcare Disparities - statistics & numerical data</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Kidney Transplantation - ethnology</topic><topic>Kidney Transplantation - statistics & numerical data</topic><topic>Male</topic><topic>Middle Aged</topic><topic>National Health Programs - statistics & numerical data</topic><topic>Poverty</topic><topic>Proportional Hazards Models</topic><topic>Referral and Consultation - statistics & numerical data</topic><topic>Registries</topic><topic>Risk Assessment</topic><topic>Risk Factors</topic><topic>Social Class</topic><topic>Time Factors</topic><topic>Tissue Donors - supply & distribution</topic><topic>Waiting Lists</topic><topic>Wales</topic><topic>Young Adult</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Udayaraj, Udaya</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ben-Shlomo, Yoav</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Roderick, Paul</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Casula, Anna</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Dudley, Chris</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Johnson, Rachel</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Collett, Dave</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ansell, David</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Tomson, Charles</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Caskey, Fergus</creatorcontrib><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><collection>Immunology Abstracts</collection><collection>AIDS and Cancer Research Abstracts</collection><jtitle>Transplantation</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Udayaraj, Udaya</au><au>Ben-Shlomo, Yoav</au><au>Roderick, Paul</au><au>Casula, Anna</au><au>Dudley, Chris</au><au>Johnson, Rachel</au><au>Collett, Dave</au><au>Ansell, David</au><au>Tomson, Charles</au><au>Caskey, Fergus</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Social deprivation, ethnicity, and access to the deceased donor kidney transplant waiting list in England and Wales</atitle><jtitle>Transplantation</jtitle><addtitle>Transplantation</addtitle><date>2010-08-15</date><risdate>2010</risdate><volume>90</volume><issue>3</issue><spage>279</spage><epage>285</epage><pages>279-285</pages><issn>0041-1337</issn><eissn>1534-6080</eissn><abstract>Socioeconomic and ethnic inequity in access to kidney transplant waiting list has been described in the United States but not examined in a universal healthcare system.
Eleven thousand two hundred ninety-nine patients aged 18 to 69 years starting renal replacement therapy (January 1, 1997 to December 31, 2004) in England and Wales were included. Multivariable Cox proportional hazards models were used to assess time to activation on the transplant waiting list for socially deprived patients among white patients. The effect of ethnic origin (South Asians and blacks compared with whites) was examined among all patients.
Among white patients, in the fully adjusted model, the hazard ratio (HR) for the most deprived quintile was 0.60 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.54-0.68, P trend <0.0001) compared with the least deprived. Deprivation effects were more pronounced among those 50 years and older (P value for interaction <0.0001). Non-whites had a lower risk of being waitlisted than whites (for blacks: HR 0.89, 95% CI 0.79-1.01; for South Asians: HR 0.91, 95% CI 0.83-0.99, P value for heterogeneity=0.03). These differences were attenuated in a fully adjusted model. However non-whites who were 50 years and older were more likely to be transplant waitlisted than whites (interaction P=0.002).
Individuals living in socially deprived areas have reduced access to the transplant waiting list. Understanding the reasons for this apparent inequity is important if we wish to ensure equitable access to renal transplants. There were no major differences by ethnicity, and if anything, older white patients were less likely to be waitlisted.</abstract><cop>United States</cop><pmid>20523276</pmid><doi>10.1097/TP.0b013e3181e346e3</doi><tpages>7</tpages></addata></record> |
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| subjects | Adolescent Adult Age Factors Aged England Ethnic Groups - statistics & numerical data Female Health Services Accessibility - statistics & numerical data Healthcare Disparities - statistics & numerical data Humans Kidney Transplantation - ethnology Kidney Transplantation - statistics & numerical data Male Middle Aged National Health Programs - statistics & numerical data Poverty Proportional Hazards Models Referral and Consultation - statistics & numerical data Registries Risk Assessment Risk Factors Social Class Time Factors Tissue Donors - supply & distribution Waiting Lists Wales Young Adult |
| title | Social deprivation, ethnicity, and access to the deceased donor kidney transplant waiting list in England and Wales |
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