Long-term creatine supplementation does not significantly affect clinical markers of health in athletes

Creatine has been reported to be an effective ergogenic aid for athletes. However, concerns have been raised regarding the long-term safety of creatine supplementation. This study examined the effects of long-term creatine supplementation on a 69-item panel of serum, whole blood, and urinary markers...

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Veröffentlicht in:Molecular and cellular biochemistry 2003-02, Vol.244 (1-2), p.95-104
Hauptverfasser: Kreider, Richard B, Melton, Charles, Rasmussen, Christopher J, Greenwood, Michael, Lancaster, Stacy, Cantler, Edward C, Milnor, Pervis, Almada, Anthony L
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container_end_page 104
container_issue 1-2
container_start_page 95
container_title Molecular and cellular biochemistry
container_volume 244
creator Kreider, Richard B
Melton, Charles
Rasmussen, Christopher J
Greenwood, Michael
Lancaster, Stacy
Cantler, Edward C
Milnor, Pervis
Almada, Anthony L
description Creatine has been reported to be an effective ergogenic aid for athletes. However, concerns have been raised regarding the long-term safety of creatine supplementation. This study examined the effects of long-term creatine supplementation on a 69-item panel of serum, whole blood, and urinary markers of clinical health status in athletes. Over a 21-month period, 98 Division IA college football players were administered in an open label manner creatine or non-creatine containing supplements following training sessions. Subjects who ingested creatine were administered 15.75 g/day of creatine monohydrate for 5 days and an average of 5 g/day thereafter in 5-10 g/day doses. Fasting blood and 24-h urine samples were collected at 0, 1, 1.5, 4, 6, 10, 12, 17, and 21 months of training. A comprehensive quantitative clinical chemistry panel was determined on serum and whole blood samples (metabolic markers, muscle and liver enzymes, electrolytes, lipid profiles, hematological markers, and lymphocytes). In addition, urine samples were quantitatively and qualitative analyzed to assess clinical status and renal function. At the end of the study, subjects were categorized into groups that did not take creatine (n = 44) and subjects who took creatine for 0-6 months (mean 4.4 +/- 1.8 months, n = 12), 7-12 months (mean 9.3 +/- 2.0 months, n = 25), and 12-21 months (mean 19.3 +/- 2.4 months, n = 17). Baseline and the subjects' final blood and urine samples were analyzed by MANOVA and 2 x 2 repeated measures ANOVA univariate tests. MANOVA revealed no significant differences (p = 0.51) among groups in the 54-item panel of quantitative blood and urine markers assessed. Univariate analysis revealed no clinically significant interactions among groups in markers of clinical status. In addition, no apparent differences were observed among groups in the 15-item panel of qualitative urine markers. Results indicate that long-term creatine supplementation (up to 21-months) does not appear to adversely effect markers of health status in athletes undergoing intense training in comparison to athletes who do not take creatine.
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subjects Adolescent
Adult
Analysis of Variance
Athletes
Blood
Creatine - administration & dosage
Creatine - adverse effects
Creatinine - blood
Creatinine - urine
Dietary Supplements
Electrolytes - blood
Energy Metabolism - drug effects
Exercise
Football
Humans
Lipids - blood
Lymphocytes
Male
Muscle, Skeletal - drug effects
Nutritional Physiological Phenomena
Renal function
Sports medicine
Sports training
Time Factors
Training
Urine
Variance analysis
title Long-term creatine supplementation does not significantly affect clinical markers of health in athletes
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