Time in Navajo: Direct and Indirect Interpretation
This article discusses the temporal interpretation of Navajo sentences. Navajo has linguistic forms that give temporal information: future tense, past and future particles, and temporal adverbials. These forms are optional, so that many sentences contain no direct temporal information. In such cases...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | International journal of American linguistics 2007-01, Vol.73 (1), p.40-71 |
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| container_title | International journal of American linguistics |
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| creator | Smith, Carlota S. Perkins, Ellavina T. Fernald, Theodore B. |
| description | This article discusses the temporal interpretation of Navajo sentences. Navajo has linguistic forms that give temporal information: future tense, past and future particles, and temporal adverbials. These forms are optional, so that many sentences contain no direct temporal information. In such cases, aspectual information gives pragmatic cues to the temporal location of the situation expressed. The key factor is boundedness: in the default case, unbounded situations are taken as present and bounded situations as past. Three pragmatic principles explain the inference from aspect to temporal location. The principles, which also hold for certain other languages, apply to verb words with overt aspectual viewpoints as well as to zero‐marked verb words. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1086/518334 |
| format | Article |
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Navajo has linguistic forms that give temporal information: future tense, past and future particles, and temporal adverbials. These forms are optional, so that many sentences contain no direct temporal information. In such cases, aspectual information gives pragmatic cues to the temporal location of the situation expressed. The key factor is boundedness: in the default case, unbounded situations are taken as present and bounded situations as past. Three pragmatic principles explain the inference from aspect to temporal location. The principles, which also hold for certain other languages, apply to verb words with overt aspectual viewpoints as well as to zero‐marked verb words.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0020-7071</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1545-7001</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1086/518334</identifier><identifier>CODEN: IJALBH</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Chicago, IL: The University of Chicago Press</publisher><subject>Adverbials ; Adverbs ; Descriptive studies and applied theories ; Grammar ; Grammatical clauses ; Grammatical tenses ; Language ; Linguistics ; Morphemes ; Native languages ; Native North Americans ; Semantics ; Semantics and pragmatics ; Temporal data ; Verbs ; Words</subject><ispartof>International journal of American linguistics, 2007-01, Vol.73 (1), p.40-71</ispartof><rights>2007 by The University of Chicago. 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Navajo has linguistic forms that give temporal information: future tense, past and future particles, and temporal adverbials. These forms are optional, so that many sentences contain no direct temporal information. In such cases, aspectual information gives pragmatic cues to the temporal location of the situation expressed. The key factor is boundedness: in the default case, unbounded situations are taken as present and bounded situations as past. Three pragmatic principles explain the inference from aspect to temporal location. The principles, which also hold for certain other languages, apply to verb words with overt aspectual viewpoints as well as to zero‐marked verb words.</description><subject>Adverbials</subject><subject>Adverbs</subject><subject>Descriptive studies and applied theories</subject><subject>Grammar</subject><subject>Grammatical clauses</subject><subject>Grammatical tenses</subject><subject>Language</subject><subject>Linguistics</subject><subject>Morphemes</subject><subject>Native languages</subject><subject>Native North Americans</subject><subject>Semantics</subject><subject>Semantics and pragmatics</subject><subject>Temporal data</subject><subject>Verbs</subject><subject>Words</subject><issn>0020-7071</issn><issn>1545-7001</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2007</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><recordid>eNpdkE1LxDAQhoMouK76CzwUQW_VSdKkE2-yfi0selnPJc0HtHTTNekK_nsrFRc8zQzz8MzwEnJO4YYCyltBkfPigMyoKEReAtBDMgNgMPYlPSYnKbUAUCLijLB1s3FZE7JX_anb_i57aKIzQ6aDzZbBTsMyDC5uoxv00PThlBx53SV39lvn5P3pcb14yVdvz8vF_So3rFRFzpWvUQrPaqUYlmicYkpbxgulsRY190UtLZoSlLEetfWaSU8dau4ot5zPyfXk3cb-Y-fSUG2aZFzX6eD6XapQSFFySUfw8h_Y9rsYxt8qxhnnAAL3NhP7lKLz1TY2Gx2_KgrVT27VlNsIXv3adDK681EH06Q9jRKBCTlyFxPXpqGPf_uCclWM974BSvZzHA</recordid><startdate>200701</startdate><enddate>200701</enddate><creator>Smith, Carlota S.</creator><creator>Perkins, Ellavina T.</creator><creator>Fernald, Theodore B.</creator><general>The University of Chicago Press</general><general>University of Chicago Press</general><general>University of Chicago, acting through its Press</general><scope>IQODW</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7T9</scope><scope>8BM</scope></search><sort><creationdate>200701</creationdate><title>Time in Navajo: Direct and Indirect Interpretation</title><author>Smith, Carlota S. ; Perkins, Ellavina T. ; Fernald, Theodore B.</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c2794-39fb865f2b992878ce929ad2349a8b5b3f4b6d8c709cdf8adfa26f1e8a3e13d33</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2007</creationdate><topic>Adverbials</topic><topic>Adverbs</topic><topic>Descriptive studies and applied theories</topic><topic>Grammar</topic><topic>Grammatical clauses</topic><topic>Grammatical tenses</topic><topic>Language</topic><topic>Linguistics</topic><topic>Morphemes</topic><topic>Native languages</topic><topic>Native North Americans</topic><topic>Semantics</topic><topic>Semantics and pragmatics</topic><topic>Temporal data</topic><topic>Verbs</topic><topic>Words</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Smith, Carlota S.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Perkins, Ellavina T.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Fernald, Theodore B.</creatorcontrib><collection>Pascal-Francis</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA)</collection><collection>ComDisDome</collection><jtitle>International journal of American linguistics</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Smith, Carlota S.</au><au>Perkins, Ellavina T.</au><au>Fernald, Theodore B.</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Time in Navajo: Direct and Indirect Interpretation</atitle><jtitle>International journal of American linguistics</jtitle><date>2007-01</date><risdate>2007</risdate><volume>73</volume><issue>1</issue><spage>40</spage><epage>71</epage><pages>40-71</pages><issn>0020-7071</issn><eissn>1545-7001</eissn><coden>IJALBH</coden><abstract>This article discusses the temporal interpretation of Navajo sentences. Navajo has linguistic forms that give temporal information: future tense, past and future particles, and temporal adverbials. These forms are optional, so that many sentences contain no direct temporal information. In such cases, aspectual information gives pragmatic cues to the temporal location of the situation expressed. The key factor is boundedness: in the default case, unbounded situations are taken as present and bounded situations as past. Three pragmatic principles explain the inference from aspect to temporal location. The principles, which also hold for certain other languages, apply to verb words with overt aspectual viewpoints as well as to zero‐marked verb words.</abstract><cop>Chicago, IL</cop><pub>The University of Chicago Press</pub><doi>10.1086/518334</doi><tpages>32</tpages><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| source | Jstor Complete Legacy |
| subjects | Adverbials Adverbs Descriptive studies and applied theories Grammar Grammatical clauses Grammatical tenses Language Linguistics Morphemes Native languages Native North Americans Semantics Semantics and pragmatics Temporal data Verbs Words |
| title | Time in Navajo: Direct and Indirect Interpretation |
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