Release from speech-on-speech masking by adding a delayed masker at a different location
The amount of masking exerted by one speech sound on another can be reduced by presenting the masker twice, from two different locations in the horizontal plane, with one of the presentations delayed to simulate an acoustical reflection. Three experiments were conducted on various aspects of this ph...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 2006-03, Vol.119 (3), p.1597-1605 |
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| container_title | The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America |
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| creator | Rakerd, Brad Aaronson, Neil L. Hartmann, William M. |
| description | The amount of masking exerted by one speech sound on another can be reduced by presenting the masker twice, from two different locations in the horizontal plane, with one of the presentations delayed to simulate an acoustical reflection. Three experiments were conducted on various aspects of this phenomenon. Experiment 1 varied the number of masking talkers from one to three and the signal-to-noise (S∕N) ratio from
−
12
to
+
4
dB
. Evidence of masking release was found for every combination of these variables tested. For the most difficult conditions (multiple maskers and negative S∕N) the amount of release was approximately
10
dB
. Experiment 2 varied the timing of leading and lagging masker presentations over a broad range, to include shorter delay times where room reflections of speech are rarely noticed by listeners and longer delays where reflections can become disruptive. Substantial masking release was found for all of the shorter delay times tested, and negligible release was found at the longer delays. Finally, Experiment 3 used speech-spectrum noise as a masker and searched for possible energetic masking release as a function of the lead-lag time delay. Release of up to
4
dB
was found whenever delays were
2
ms
or less. No energetic masking release was found at longer delays. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1121/1.2161438 |
| format | Article |
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−
12
to
+
4
dB
. Evidence of masking release was found for every combination of these variables tested. For the most difficult conditions (multiple maskers and negative S∕N) the amount of release was approximately
10
dB
. Experiment 2 varied the timing of leading and lagging masker presentations over a broad range, to include shorter delay times where room reflections of speech are rarely noticed by listeners and longer delays where reflections can become disruptive. Substantial masking release was found for all of the shorter delay times tested, and negligible release was found at the longer delays. Finally, Experiment 3 used speech-spectrum noise as a masker and searched for possible energetic masking release as a function of the lead-lag time delay. Release of up to
4
dB
was found whenever delays were
2
ms
or less. No energetic masking release was found at longer delays.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0001-4966</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1520-8524</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1121/1.2161438</identifier><identifier>PMID: 16583904</identifier><identifier>CODEN: JASMAN</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Woodbury, NY: Acoustical Society of America</publisher><subject>Acoustic Stimulation - methods ; Acoustics ; Adult ; Audition ; Auditory Threshold ; Biological and medical sciences ; Exact sciences and technology ; Female ; Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology ; Fundamental areas of phenomenology (including applications) ; Humans ; Male ; Mathematical Computing ; Middle Aged ; Noise ; Perception ; Perceptual Masking - physiology ; Physics ; Psychology. Psychoanalysis. Psychiatry ; Psychology. Psychophysiology ; Software ; Speech ; Time Factors ; User-Computer Interface</subject><ispartof>The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 2006-03, Vol.119 (3), p.1597-1605</ispartof><rights>2006 Acoustical Society of America</rights><rights>2006 INIST-CNRS</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c398t-c1f0aa2c62080037c65c15d90e57d900a2a931970d10b273f7eea48b5a55f1193</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c398t-c1f0aa2c62080037c65c15d90e57d900a2a931970d10b273f7eea48b5a55f1193</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://pubs.aip.org/jasa/article-lookup/doi/10.1121/1.2161438$$EHTML$$P50$$Gscitation$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>207,208,314,780,784,794,1564,4510,27923,27924,76155</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttp://pascal-francis.inist.fr/vibad/index.php?action=getRecordDetail&idt=17650689$$DView record in Pascal Francis$$Hfree_for_read</backlink><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16583904$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Rakerd, Brad</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Aaronson, Neil L.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hartmann, William M.</creatorcontrib><title>Release from speech-on-speech masking by adding a delayed masker at a different location</title><title>The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America</title><addtitle>J Acoust Soc Am</addtitle><description>The amount of masking exerted by one speech sound on another can be reduced by presenting the masker twice, from two different locations in the horizontal plane, with one of the presentations delayed to simulate an acoustical reflection. Three experiments were conducted on various aspects of this phenomenon. Experiment 1 varied the number of masking talkers from one to three and the signal-to-noise (S∕N) ratio from
−
12
to
+
4
dB
. Evidence of masking release was found for every combination of these variables tested. For the most difficult conditions (multiple maskers and negative S∕N) the amount of release was approximately
10
dB
. Experiment 2 varied the timing of leading and lagging masker presentations over a broad range, to include shorter delay times where room reflections of speech are rarely noticed by listeners and longer delays where reflections can become disruptive. Substantial masking release was found for all of the shorter delay times tested, and negligible release was found at the longer delays. Finally, Experiment 3 used speech-spectrum noise as a masker and searched for possible energetic masking release as a function of the lead-lag time delay. Release of up to
4
dB
was found whenever delays were
2
ms
or less. No energetic masking release was found at longer delays.</description><subject>Acoustic Stimulation - methods</subject><subject>Acoustics</subject><subject>Adult</subject><subject>Audition</subject><subject>Auditory Threshold</subject><subject>Biological and medical sciences</subject><subject>Exact sciences and technology</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology</subject><subject>Fundamental areas of phenomenology (including applications)</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>Mathematical Computing</subject><subject>Middle Aged</subject><subject>Noise</subject><subject>Perception</subject><subject>Perceptual Masking - physiology</subject><subject>Physics</subject><subject>Psychology. Psychoanalysis. Psychiatry</subject><subject>Psychology. Psychophysiology</subject><subject>Software</subject><subject>Speech</subject><subject>Time Factors</subject><subject>User-Computer Interface</subject><issn>0001-4966</issn><issn>1520-8524</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2006</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><recordid>eNp1kU1LxDAQhoMo7rp68A9ILwoeumbSJm0PHmTxCxYEUfAWZtOJVvuxJt3D_nvbbWFPXpI3ycNMeIaxc-BzAAE3MBegII7SAzYFKXiYShEfsinnHMI4U2rCTrz_7o4yjbJjNgHVBx5P2ccrlYSeAuuaKvBrIvMVNnU4pKBC_1PUn8FqG2Ce9wmDnErcUr57Ixdg298V1pKjug3KxmBbNPUpO7JYejob9xl7f7h_WzyFy5fH58XdMjRRlrahAcsRhVGCp5xHiVHSgMwzTjLpVo4CswiyhOfAVyKJbEKEcbqSKKUFyKIZuxrqrl3zuyHf6qrwhsoSa2o2XqdSSZUlogOvB9C4xntHVq9dUaHbauC616hBjxo79mIsullVlO_J0VsHXI4AeoOldVibwu-5REmu0v53twPnTdHuvPzfdZyE7iehB__RH52sjVw</recordid><startdate>20060301</startdate><enddate>20060301</enddate><creator>Rakerd, Brad</creator><creator>Aaronson, Neil L.</creator><creator>Hartmann, William M.</creator><general>Acoustical Society of America</general><general>American Institute of Physics</general><scope>IQODW</scope><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7T9</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20060301</creationdate><title>Release from speech-on-speech masking by adding a delayed masker at a different location</title><author>Rakerd, Brad ; Aaronson, Neil L. ; Hartmann, William M.</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c398t-c1f0aa2c62080037c65c15d90e57d900a2a931970d10b273f7eea48b5a55f1193</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2006</creationdate><topic>Acoustic Stimulation - methods</topic><topic>Acoustics</topic><topic>Adult</topic><topic>Audition</topic><topic>Auditory Threshold</topic><topic>Biological and medical sciences</topic><topic>Exact sciences and technology</topic><topic>Female</topic><topic>Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology</topic><topic>Fundamental areas of phenomenology (including applications)</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Male</topic><topic>Mathematical Computing</topic><topic>Middle Aged</topic><topic>Noise</topic><topic>Perception</topic><topic>Perceptual Masking - physiology</topic><topic>Physics</topic><topic>Psychology. Psychoanalysis. Psychiatry</topic><topic>Psychology. Psychophysiology</topic><topic>Software</topic><topic>Speech</topic><topic>Time Factors</topic><topic>User-Computer Interface</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Rakerd, Brad</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Aaronson, Neil L.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hartmann, William M.</creatorcontrib><collection>Pascal-Francis</collection><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA)</collection><jtitle>The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Rakerd, Brad</au><au>Aaronson, Neil L.</au><au>Hartmann, William M.</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Release from speech-on-speech masking by adding a delayed masker at a different location</atitle><jtitle>The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America</jtitle><addtitle>J Acoust Soc Am</addtitle><date>2006-03-01</date><risdate>2006</risdate><volume>119</volume><issue>3</issue><spage>1597</spage><epage>1605</epage><pages>1597-1605</pages><issn>0001-4966</issn><eissn>1520-8524</eissn><coden>JASMAN</coden><abstract>The amount of masking exerted by one speech sound on another can be reduced by presenting the masker twice, from two different locations in the horizontal plane, with one of the presentations delayed to simulate an acoustical reflection. Three experiments were conducted on various aspects of this phenomenon. Experiment 1 varied the number of masking talkers from one to three and the signal-to-noise (S∕N) ratio from
−
12
to
+
4
dB
. Evidence of masking release was found for every combination of these variables tested. For the most difficult conditions (multiple maskers and negative S∕N) the amount of release was approximately
10
dB
. Experiment 2 varied the timing of leading and lagging masker presentations over a broad range, to include shorter delay times where room reflections of speech are rarely noticed by listeners and longer delays where reflections can become disruptive. Substantial masking release was found for all of the shorter delay times tested, and negligible release was found at the longer delays. Finally, Experiment 3 used speech-spectrum noise as a masker and searched for possible energetic masking release as a function of the lead-lag time delay. Release of up to
4
dB
was found whenever delays were
2
ms
or less. No energetic masking release was found at longer delays.</abstract><cop>Woodbury, NY</cop><pub>Acoustical Society of America</pub><pmid>16583904</pmid><doi>10.1121/1.2161438</doi><tpages>9</tpages></addata></record> |
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| source | MEDLINE; AIP Journals Complete; AIP Acoustical Society of America |
| subjects | Acoustic Stimulation - methods Acoustics Adult Audition Auditory Threshold Biological and medical sciences Exact sciences and technology Female Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology Fundamental areas of phenomenology (including applications) Humans Male Mathematical Computing Middle Aged Noise Perception Perceptual Masking - physiology Physics Psychology. Psychoanalysis. Psychiatry Psychology. Psychophysiology Software Speech Time Factors User-Computer Interface |
| title | Release from speech-on-speech masking by adding a delayed masker at a different location |
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