Differentiation of speech and nonspeech processing within primary auditory cortex
Primary auditory cortex (PAC), located in Heschl's gyrus (HG), is the earliest cortical level at which sounds are processed. Standard theories of speech perception assume that signal components are given a representation in PAC which are then matched to speech templates in auditory association...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 2006, Vol.119 (1), p.575-581 |
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| container_title | The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America |
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| creator | Whalen, D. H. Benson, Randall R. Richardson, Matthew Swainson, Brook Clark, Vincent P. Lai, Song Mencl, W. Einar Fulbright, Robert K. Constable, R. Todd Liberman, Alvin M. |
| description | Primary auditory cortex (PAC), located in Heschl's gyrus (HG), is the earliest cortical level at which sounds are processed. Standard theories of speech perception assume that signal components are given a representation in PAC which are then matched to speech templates in auditory association cortex. An alternative holds that speech activates a specialized system in cortex that does not use the primitives of PAC. Functional magnetic resonance imaging revealed different brain activation patterns in listening to speech and nonspeech sounds across different levels of complexity. Sensitivity to speech was observed in association cortex, as expected. Further, activation in HG increased with increasing levels of complexity with added fundamentals for both nonspeech and speech stimuli, but only for nonspeech when separate sources (release bursts∕fricative noises or their nonspeech analogs) were added. These results are consistent with the existence of a specialized speech system which bypasses more typical processes at the earliest cortical level. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1121/1.2139627 |
| format | Article |
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Functional magnetic resonance imaging revealed different brain activation patterns in listening to speech and nonspeech sounds across different levels of complexity. Sensitivity to speech was observed in association cortex, as expected. Further, activation in HG increased with increasing levels of complexity with added fundamentals for both nonspeech and speech stimuli, but only for nonspeech when separate sources (release bursts∕fricative noises or their nonspeech analogs) were added. 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An alternative holds that speech activates a specialized system in cortex that does not use the primitives of PAC. Functional magnetic resonance imaging revealed different brain activation patterns in listening to speech and nonspeech sounds across different levels of complexity. Sensitivity to speech was observed in association cortex, as expected. Further, activation in HG increased with increasing levels of complexity with added fundamentals for both nonspeech and speech stimuli, but only for nonspeech when separate sources (release bursts∕fricative noises or their nonspeech analogs) were added. These results are consistent with the existence of a specialized speech system which bypasses more typical processes at the earliest cortical level.</description><subject>Acoustic signal processing</subject><subject>Acoustic Stimulation - methods</subject><subject>Acoustics</subject><subject>Auditory Cortex - physiology</subject><subject>Auditory Perception - physiology</subject><subject>Biological and medical sciences</subject><subject>Dominance, Cerebral</subject><subject>Ear and associated structures. Auditory pathways and centers. Hearing. Vocal organ. Phonation. Sound production. Echolocation</subject><subject>Echo-Planar Imaging</subject><subject>Exact sciences and technology</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology</subject><subject>Fundamental areas of phenomenology (including applications)</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Magnetic Resonance Imaging</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>Physics</subject><subject>Sound Spectrography</subject><subject>Speech</subject><subject>Vertebrates: nervous system and sense organs</subject><issn>0001-4966</issn><issn>1520-8524</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2006</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><recordid>eNqF0U1LAzEQBuAgiq3Vg39A9qLgYTWTr91cBKmfIIig55DNJhppk7rZov57o10QBOkpmfAwGeZFaB_wCQCBUzghQKUg1QYaAye4rDlhm2iMMYaSSSFGaCel11zymsptNALBOKMAY_Rw4Z2znQ29172PoYiuSAtrzUuhQ1uEGIZq0UVjU_LhuXj3_YsP-cXPdfdZ6GXr-5gvJna9_dhFW07Pkt0bzgl6urp8nN6Ud_fXt9Pzu9IwivvSCcotJpKQqjI11W1DOTdOVGCoZC3VEnNtWlsTcMaQlopaOCqbpm5A19jSCTpa9c2TvS1t6tXcJ2NnMx1sXCZVc8Fo7r4WiipvjkuxFkKFJTAuMzxeQdPFlDrr1LALBVh9J6JADYlkezA0XTZz2_7KIYIMDgegk9Ez1-lgfPp1FeO8ojy7s5VLxvc_Wf3_659QVXQq0S8AH6hK</recordid><startdate>2006</startdate><enddate>2006</enddate><creator>Whalen, D. H.</creator><creator>Benson, Randall R.</creator><creator>Richardson, Matthew</creator><creator>Swainson, Brook</creator><creator>Clark, Vincent P.</creator><creator>Lai, Song</creator><creator>Mencl, W. Einar</creator><creator>Fulbright, Robert K.</creator><creator>Constable, R. Todd</creator><creator>Liberman, Alvin M.</creator><general>Acoustical Society of America</general><general>American Institute of Physics</general><scope>IQODW</scope><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7TK</scope><scope>7X8</scope><scope>8BM</scope><scope>7T9</scope></search><sort><creationdate>2006</creationdate><title>Differentiation of speech and nonspeech processing within primary auditory cortex</title><author>Whalen, D. H. ; Benson, Randall R. ; Richardson, Matthew ; Swainson, Brook ; Clark, Vincent P. ; Lai, Song ; Mencl, W. Einar ; Fulbright, Robert K. ; Constable, R. Todd ; Liberman, Alvin M.</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c430t-f635e0292277c83adb355cf671c394d3a905acde821fcc2d3686f39bb8b1a80e3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2006</creationdate><topic>Acoustic signal processing</topic><topic>Acoustic Stimulation - methods</topic><topic>Acoustics</topic><topic>Auditory Cortex - physiology</topic><topic>Auditory Perception - physiology</topic><topic>Biological and medical sciences</topic><topic>Dominance, Cerebral</topic><topic>Ear and associated structures. Auditory pathways and centers. Hearing. Vocal organ. Phonation. Sound production. Echolocation</topic><topic>Echo-Planar Imaging</topic><topic>Exact sciences and technology</topic><topic>Female</topic><topic>Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology</topic><topic>Fundamental areas of phenomenology (including applications)</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Magnetic Resonance Imaging</topic><topic>Male</topic><topic>Physics</topic><topic>Sound Spectrography</topic><topic>Speech</topic><topic>Vertebrates: nervous system and sense organs</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Whalen, D. H.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Benson, Randall R.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Richardson, Matthew</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Swainson, Brook</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Clark, Vincent P.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lai, Song</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Mencl, W. Einar</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Fulbright, Robert K.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Constable, R. 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Todd</au><au>Liberman, Alvin M.</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Differentiation of speech and nonspeech processing within primary auditory cortex</atitle><jtitle>The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America</jtitle><addtitle>J Acoust Soc Am</addtitle><date>2006</date><risdate>2006</risdate><volume>119</volume><issue>1</issue><spage>575</spage><epage>581</epage><pages>575-581</pages><issn>0001-4966</issn><eissn>1520-8524</eissn><coden>JASMAN</coden><abstract>Primary auditory cortex (PAC), located in Heschl's gyrus (HG), is the earliest cortical level at which sounds are processed. Standard theories of speech perception assume that signal components are given a representation in PAC which are then matched to speech templates in auditory association cortex. An alternative holds that speech activates a specialized system in cortex that does not use the primitives of PAC. Functional magnetic resonance imaging revealed different brain activation patterns in listening to speech and nonspeech sounds across different levels of complexity. Sensitivity to speech was observed in association cortex, as expected. Further, activation in HG increased with increasing levels of complexity with added fundamentals for both nonspeech and speech stimuli, but only for nonspeech when separate sources (release bursts∕fricative noises or their nonspeech analogs) were added. These results are consistent with the existence of a specialized speech system which bypasses more typical processes at the earliest cortical level.</abstract><cop>Woodbury, NY</cop><pub>Acoustical Society of America</pub><pmid>16454311</pmid><doi>10.1121/1.2139627</doi><tpages>7</tpages></addata></record> |
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| subjects | Acoustic signal processing Acoustic Stimulation - methods Acoustics Auditory Cortex - physiology Auditory Perception - physiology Biological and medical sciences Dominance, Cerebral Ear and associated structures. Auditory pathways and centers. Hearing. Vocal organ. Phonation. Sound production. Echolocation Echo-Planar Imaging Exact sciences and technology Female Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology Fundamental areas of phenomenology (including applications) Humans Magnetic Resonance Imaging Male Physics Sound Spectrography Speech Vertebrates: nervous system and sense organs |
| title | Differentiation of speech and nonspeech processing within primary auditory cortex |
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