Effect of gallium grading in Cu(In,Ga)Se sub(2) solar-cell absorbers produced by multi-stage coevaporation
We investigate Cu(In,Ga)Se sub(2) thin films grown in multi-stage coevaporation processes and solar cells fabricated from such absorbers. Despite some interdiffusion during film growth, Ga/(Ga+In) gradients defined via evaporation-profile variations in the process are to a good part retained in the...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Solar energy materials and solar cells 2011-02, Vol.95 (2), p.721-726 |
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| container_title | Solar energy materials and solar cells |
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| creator | Schleussner, Sebastian Zimmermann, Uwe Waetjen, Timo Leifer, Klaus Edoff, Marika |
| description | We investigate Cu(In,Ga)Se sub(2) thin films grown in multi-stage coevaporation processes and solar cells fabricated from such absorbers. Despite some interdiffusion during film growth, Ga/(Ga+In) gradients defined via evaporation-profile variations in the process are to a good part retained in the finished film. This indicates that the bandgap can be engineered in this type of process by varying the evaporation profiles, and consequently also that unintended profile variations should be noted and avoided. With front-side gradients the topmost part of many grains seems to be affected by a higher density of lattice defects due to the strong change of gallium content under copper-poor growth conditions. Electrically, both back-side gradients and moderate front-side gradients are shown to yield an improvement of device efficiency. If a front-side gradient is too wide, though, it causes strong voltage-dependent collection and the fill factor is severely reduced. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1016/j.solmat.2010.10.011 |
| format | Article |
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| ispartof | Solar energy materials and solar cells, 2011-02, Vol.95 (2), p.721-726 |
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| language | eng |
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| source | Elsevier ScienceDirect Journals |
| subjects | COPPER INDIUM SELENIDE COPPER SELENIDE Crystal defects DEFECTS Density Evaporation Film growth Gallium LATTICE DEFECTS Photovoltaic cells Solar cells Solar energy SOLAR POWER THIN FILMS |
| title | Effect of gallium grading in Cu(In,Ga)Se sub(2) solar-cell absorbers produced by multi-stage coevaporation |
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