Quantum superposition of distinct macroscopic states
In 1935, Schrödinger 1 attempted to demonstrate the limitations of quantum mechanics using a thought experiment in which a cat is put in a quantum superposition of alive and dead states. The idea remained an academic curiosity until the 1980s when it was proposed 2 , 3 , 4 that, under suitable condi...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Nature (London) 2000-07, Vol.406 (6791), p.43-46 |
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| creator | Friedman, Jonathan R. Patel, Vijay Chen, W. Tolpygo, S. K. Lukens, J. E. |
| description | In 1935, Schrödinger
1
attempted to demonstrate the limitations of quantum mechanics using a thought experiment in which a cat is put in a quantum superposition of alive and dead states. The idea remained an academic curiosity until the 1980s when it was proposed
2
,
3
,
4
that, under suitable conditions, a macroscopic object with many microscopic degrees of freedom could behave quantum mechanically, provided that it was sufficiently decoupled from its environment. Although much progress has been made in demonstrating the macroscopic quantum behaviour of various systems such as superconductors
5
,
6
,
7
,
8
,
9
, nanoscale magnets
10
,
11
,
12
, laser-cooled trapped ions
13
, photons in a microwave cavity
14
and C
60
molecules
15
, there has been no experimental demonstration of a quantum superposition of truly macroscopically distinct states. Here we present experimental evidence that a superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID) can be put into a superposition of two magnetic-flux states: one corresponding to a few microamperes of current flowing clockwise, the other corresponding to the same amount of current flowing anticlockwise. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1038/35017505 |
| format | Article |
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1
attempted to demonstrate the limitations of quantum mechanics using a thought experiment in which a cat is put in a quantum superposition of alive and dead states. The idea remained an academic curiosity until the 1980s when it was proposed
2
,
3
,
4
that, under suitable conditions, a macroscopic object with many microscopic degrees of freedom could behave quantum mechanically, provided that it was sufficiently decoupled from its environment. Although much progress has been made in demonstrating the macroscopic quantum behaviour of various systems such as superconductors
5
,
6
,
7
,
8
,
9
, nanoscale magnets
10
,
11
,
12
, laser-cooled trapped ions
13
, photons in a microwave cavity
14
and C
60
molecules
15
, there has been no experimental demonstration of a quantum superposition of truly macroscopically distinct states. Here we present experimental evidence that a superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID) can be put into a superposition of two magnetic-flux states: one corresponding to a few microamperes of current flowing clockwise, the other corresponding to the same amount of current flowing anticlockwise.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0028-0836</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1476-4687</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1038/35017505</identifier><identifier>PMID: 10894533</identifier><identifier>CODEN: NATUAS</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>London: Nature Publishing Group UK</publisher><subject>Buckminsterfullerene ; Classical and quantum physics: mechanics and fields ; Exact sciences and technology ; Experiments ; Foundations, theory of measurement, miscellaneous theories (including aharonov-bohm effect, bell inequalities, berry's phase) ; Fullerenes ; Humanities and Social Sciences ; letter ; Microwaves ; multidisciplinary ; Nanocomposites ; Nanostructure ; Physics ; Quantum mechanics ; Quantum theory ; Schroedinger equation ; Science ; Science (multidisciplinary) ; SQUIDs ; Superconducting quantum interference devices ; Superconductivity</subject><ispartof>Nature (London), 2000-07, Vol.406 (6791), p.43-46</ispartof><rights>Macmillan Magazines Ltd. 2000</rights><rights>2000 INIST-CNRS</rights><rights>COPYRIGHT 2000 Nature Publishing Group</rights><rights>Copyright Macmillan Journals Ltd. Jul 6, 2000</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c641t-dda75e839212d7344928cb7599acf872a9269d98223518ed1d3681271c220fb03</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c641t-dda75e839212d7344928cb7599acf872a9269d98223518ed1d3681271c220fb03</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1038/35017505$$EPDF$$P50$$Gspringer$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://link.springer.com/10.1038/35017505$$EHTML$$P50$$Gspringer$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,776,780,27901,27902,41464,42533,51294</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttp://pascal-francis.inist.fr/vibad/index.php?action=getRecordDetail&idt=1435451$$DView record in Pascal Francis$$Hfree_for_read</backlink><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10894533$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Friedman, Jonathan R.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Patel, Vijay</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Chen, W.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Tolpygo, S. K.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lukens, J. E.</creatorcontrib><title>Quantum superposition of distinct macroscopic states</title><title>Nature (London)</title><addtitle>Nature</addtitle><addtitle>Nature</addtitle><description>In 1935, Schrödinger
1
attempted to demonstrate the limitations of quantum mechanics using a thought experiment in which a cat is put in a quantum superposition of alive and dead states. The idea remained an academic curiosity until the 1980s when it was proposed
2
,
3
,
4
that, under suitable conditions, a macroscopic object with many microscopic degrees of freedom could behave quantum mechanically, provided that it was sufficiently decoupled from its environment. Although much progress has been made in demonstrating the macroscopic quantum behaviour of various systems such as superconductors
5
,
6
,
7
,
8
,
9
, nanoscale magnets
10
,
11
,
12
, laser-cooled trapped ions
13
, photons in a microwave cavity
14
and C
60
molecules
15
, there has been no experimental demonstration of a quantum superposition of truly macroscopically distinct states. Here we present experimental evidence that a superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID) can be put into a superposition of two magnetic-flux states: one corresponding to a few microamperes of current flowing clockwise, the other corresponding to the same amount of current flowing anticlockwise.</description><subject>Buckminsterfullerene</subject><subject>Classical and quantum physics: mechanics and fields</subject><subject>Exact sciences and technology</subject><subject>Experiments</subject><subject>Foundations, theory of measurement, miscellaneous theories (including aharonov-bohm effect, bell inequalities, berry's phase)</subject><subject>Fullerenes</subject><subject>Humanities and Social Sciences</subject><subject>letter</subject><subject>Microwaves</subject><subject>multidisciplinary</subject><subject>Nanocomposites</subject><subject>Nanostructure</subject><subject>Physics</subject><subject>Quantum mechanics</subject><subject>Quantum theory</subject><subject>Schroedinger equation</subject><subject>Science</subject><subject>Science (multidisciplinary)</subject><subject>SQUIDs</subject><subject>Superconducting quantum interference devices</subject><subject>Superconductivity</subject><issn>0028-0836</issn><issn>1476-4687</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2000</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>8G5</sourceid><sourceid>BEC</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><sourceid>GUQSH</sourceid><sourceid>M2O</sourceid><recordid>eNqF0luLEzEUB_Agilur4CeQIuIFmTXXycljKV4WFkVd8TGkmUzJMjOZTTKg396UVrrVdSUPgeSXk-TPQegxwacEM3jDBCZSYHEHzQiXdcVrkHfRDGMKFQZWn6AHKV1ijAWR_D46IRgUF4zNEP88mSFP_SJNo4tjSD77MCxCu2h8yn6wedEbG0OyYfR2kbLJLj1E91rTJfdoP8_Rt3dvL1YfqvNP789Wy_PK1pzkqmmMFA6YooQ2knGuKNi1FEoZ24KkRtFaNQooZYKAa0jDaiBUEkspbteYzdGLXd0xhqvJpax7n6zrOjO4MCUNQtRKcMqLfH6rpLKuQUha4MtbIQGhGIWawv-pFExwuX3-HD39g16GKQ4lG00x5yBBkYKqHdqYzmk_tCFHYzducNF0YXCtL8tLAoCBcIEPRY-8Hf2Vvo5Ob0BlNK739saqr44OFJPdj7wxU0r67OuXY_v633Z58X318Vjv89q2S4qu1WP0vYk_NcF626b6d5sW-mSf17TuXXMN7vqygGd7YJI1XRvNYH06OF6SF-TwmVR2ho2Lh9z_uvMXaHzzPw</recordid><startdate>20000706</startdate><enddate>20000706</enddate><creator>Friedman, Jonathan R.</creator><creator>Patel, Vijay</creator><creator>Chen, W.</creator><creator>Tolpygo, S. 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Academic</collection><collection>Aerospace Database</collection><jtitle>Nature (London)</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Friedman, Jonathan R.</au><au>Patel, Vijay</au><au>Chen, W.</au><au>Tolpygo, S. K.</au><au>Lukens, J. E.</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Quantum superposition of distinct macroscopic states</atitle><jtitle>Nature (London)</jtitle><stitle>Nature</stitle><addtitle>Nature</addtitle><date>2000-07-06</date><risdate>2000</risdate><volume>406</volume><issue>6791</issue><spage>43</spage><epage>46</epage><pages>43-46</pages><issn>0028-0836</issn><eissn>1476-4687</eissn><coden>NATUAS</coden><abstract>In 1935, Schrödinger
1
attempted to demonstrate the limitations of quantum mechanics using a thought experiment in which a cat is put in a quantum superposition of alive and dead states. The idea remained an academic curiosity until the 1980s when it was proposed
2
,
3
,
4
that, under suitable conditions, a macroscopic object with many microscopic degrees of freedom could behave quantum mechanically, provided that it was sufficiently decoupled from its environment. Although much progress has been made in demonstrating the macroscopic quantum behaviour of various systems such as superconductors
5
,
6
,
7
,
8
,
9
, nanoscale magnets
10
,
11
,
12
, laser-cooled trapped ions
13
, photons in a microwave cavity
14
and C
60
molecules
15
, there has been no experimental demonstration of a quantum superposition of truly macroscopically distinct states. Here we present experimental evidence that a superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID) can be put into a superposition of two magnetic-flux states: one corresponding to a few microamperes of current flowing clockwise, the other corresponding to the same amount of current flowing anticlockwise.</abstract><cop>London</cop><pub>Nature Publishing Group UK</pub><pmid>10894533</pmid><doi>10.1038/35017505</doi><tpages>4</tpages></addata></record> |
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| language | eng |
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| source | Nature Journals Online; SpringerLink Journals - AutoHoldings |
| subjects | Buckminsterfullerene Classical and quantum physics: mechanics and fields Exact sciences and technology Experiments Foundations, theory of measurement, miscellaneous theories (including aharonov-bohm effect, bell inequalities, berry's phase) Fullerenes Humanities and Social Sciences letter Microwaves multidisciplinary Nanocomposites Nanostructure Physics Quantum mechanics Quantum theory Schroedinger equation Science Science (multidisciplinary) SQUIDs Superconducting quantum interference devices Superconductivity |
| title | Quantum superposition of distinct macroscopic states |
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