Pharmacokinetics of Tramadol Hydrochloride and its Metabolite O-Desmethyltramadol in Peafowl (Pavo cristatus)

Tramadol is a centrally acting opiate analgesic that has not been well studied in avian species. Tramadol and its metabolites exert their effects at multiple sites, including opiate (μ, κ, and δ), adrenergic (α-2), and serotonin (5HT) receptors. This multi-receptor mode of action is advantageous for...

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Veröffentlicht in:	Journal of zoo and wildlife medicine 2010-12, Vol.41 (4), p.671-676
Hauptverfasser:	Black, Peter A, Cox, Sherry K, Macek, Michael, Tieber, Anne, Junge, Randall E
Format:	Artikel
Sprache:	eng
Schlagworte:	Administration, Oral Analgesia Analgesics Analgesics, Opioid - blood Analgesics, Opioid - metabolism Analgesics, Opioid - pharmacokinetics Animals Area Under Curve Birds Eagles Female Galliformes - blood Half-Life Human resources M1 Male Metabolism Metabolites O-desmethyltramadol Pavo cristatus Peafowl Pharmacokinetics Pilot Projects REVIEW ARTICLES tramadol Tramadol - administration & dosage Tramadol - analogs & derivatives Tramadol - blood Tramadol - pharmacokinetics Zoos
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