Prevention and Control of Phosphate Retention/Hyperphosphatemia in CKD-MBD: What Is Normal, When to Start, and How to Treat?

Phosphate retention and, later, hyperphosphatemia are key contributors to chronic kidney disease (CKD)-mineral and bone disorder (MBD). Phosphate homeostatic mechanisms maintain normal phosphorus levels until late-stage CKD, because of early increases in parathyroid hormone (PTH) and fibroblast grow...

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