Development of precursors to speech in infants exposed to two languages

The study of bilingualism has often focused on two contradictory possibilities: that the learning of two languages may produce deficits of performance in each language by comparison with performance of monolingual individuals, or on the contrary, that the learning of two languages may produce lingui...

Ausführliche Beschreibung

Gespeichert in:
Bibliographische Detailangaben
Veröffentlicht in:Journal of child language 1997-06, Vol.24 (2), p.407-425
Hauptverfasser: KIMBROUGH OLLER, D., EILERS, REBECCA E., URBANO, RICHARD, COBO-LEWIS, ALAN B.
Format: Artikel
Sprache:eng
Schlagworte:
Online-Zugang:Volltext
Tags: Tag hinzufügen
Keine Tags, Fügen Sie den ersten Tag hinzu!
container_end_page 425
container_issue 2
container_start_page 407
container_title Journal of child language
container_volume 24
creator KIMBROUGH OLLER, D.
EILERS, REBECCA E.
URBANO, RICHARD
COBO-LEWIS, ALAN B.
description The study of bilingualism has often focused on two contradictory possibilities: that the learning of two languages may produce deficits of performance in each language by comparison with performance of monolingual individuals, or on the contrary, that the learning of two languages may produce linguistic or cognitive advantages with regard to the monolingual learning experience. The work reported here addressed the possibility that the very early bilingual experience of infancy may affect the unfolding of vocal precursors to speech. The results of longitudinal research with 73 infants aged 0;4 to 1;6 in monolingual and bilingual environments provided no support for either a bilingual deficit hypothesis nor for its opposite, a bilingual advantage hypothesis. Infants reared in bilingual and monolingual environments manifested similar ages of onset for canonical babbling (production of well-formed syllables), an event known to be fundamentally related to speech development. Further, quantitative measures of vocal performance (proportion of usage of well-formed syllables and vowel-like sounds) showed additional similarities between monolingual and bilingual infants. The similarities applied to infants of middle and low socio-economic status and to infants that were born at term or prematurely. The results suggest that vocal development in the first year of life is robust with respect to conditions of rearing. The biological foundations of speech appear to be such as to resist modifications in the natural schedule of vocal development.
doi_str_mv 10.1017/S0305000997003097
format Article
fullrecord <record><control><sourceid>proquest_cross</sourceid><recordid>TN_cdi_proquest_miscellaneous_85290240</recordid><sourceformat>XML</sourceformat><sourcesystem>PC</sourcesystem><cupid>10_1017_S0305000997003097</cupid><ericid>EJ550666</ericid><sourcerecordid>58351946</sourcerecordid><originalsourceid>FETCH-LOGICAL-c597t-8a30eb41ecc0f3b22e9d7d7c968bd05ae839e50fd7f78085b399e2f0935b4ed93</originalsourceid><addsrcrecordid>eNqFkW-L1DAQxoMo53r6AQSFguK76iRpmuSlrueqLP7hztchTadrz25Tk1bPb2_KlkUUWRhI4PnNMM8zhDyk8JwClS8ugYMAAK0lpK-Wt8iKFqXOZQnsNlnNcj7rd8m9GK_nH2h1Rs40B1UwsSKb1_gDOz_ssR8z32RDQDeF6EPMRp_FAdF9zdo-VWP7MWZ4M_iI9SyOP33W2X432R3G--ROY7uID5b3nHx5c3G1fptvP27erV9ucye0HHNlOWBVUHQOGl4xhrqWtXS6VFUNwqLiGgU0tWykAiUqrjWyBjQXVYG15ufk2WHuEPz3CeNo9m102KVF0E_RKME0sAJOgjJFUDCpToJCcUF1UZ4GZZmiZzP45C_w2k-hT7EYKjVVZSqZKHqgXPAxBmzMENq9Db8MBTNf1_xz3dTzeJk8VXusjx3LOZP-dNFtdLZrgu1dG48YS6YLxhP26IBhaN1RvXgvBJTlvH9-kNs44s1Rt-GbSXtLYcrNZyOvPq1fbS8_mDlqvjix-yq09Q7_MPxfL78B6LXR2Q</addsrcrecordid><sourcetype>Aggregation Database</sourcetype><iscdi>true</iscdi><recordtype>article</recordtype><pqid>1791861867</pqid></control><display><type>article</type><title>Development of precursors to speech in infants exposed to two languages</title><source>Applied Social Sciences Index &amp; Abstracts (ASSIA)</source><source>MEDLINE</source><source>Periodicals Index Online</source><source>Cambridge University Press Journals Complete</source><creator>KIMBROUGH OLLER, D. ; EILERS, REBECCA E. ; URBANO, RICHARD ; COBO-LEWIS, ALAN B.</creator><creatorcontrib>KIMBROUGH OLLER, D. ; EILERS, REBECCA E. ; URBANO, RICHARD ; COBO-LEWIS, ALAN B.</creatorcontrib><description>The study of bilingualism has often focused on two contradictory possibilities: that the learning of two languages may produce deficits of performance in each language by comparison with performance of monolingual individuals, or on the contrary, that the learning of two languages may produce linguistic or cognitive advantages with regard to the monolingual learning experience. The work reported here addressed the possibility that the very early bilingual experience of infancy may affect the unfolding of vocal precursors to speech. The results of longitudinal research with 73 infants aged 0;4 to 1;6 in monolingual and bilingual environments provided no support for either a bilingual deficit hypothesis nor for its opposite, a bilingual advantage hypothesis. Infants reared in bilingual and monolingual environments manifested similar ages of onset for canonical babbling (production of well-formed syllables), an event known to be fundamentally related to speech development. Further, quantitative measures of vocal performance (proportion of usage of well-formed syllables and vowel-like sounds) showed additional similarities between monolingual and bilingual infants. The similarities applied to infants of middle and low socio-economic status and to infants that were born at term or prematurely. The results suggest that vocal development in the first year of life is robust with respect to conditions of rearing. The biological foundations of speech appear to be such as to resist modifications in the natural schedule of vocal development.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0305-0009</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1469-7602</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1017/S0305000997003097</identifier><identifier>PMID: 9308425</identifier><identifier>CODEN: JCLGBJ</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>NewYork, NY: Cambridge University Press</publisher><subject>Audiotape Recordings ; Bilingualism ; Bilingualism. Multilingualism ; Biological and medical sciences ; Child development ; Child Language ; Communication disorders ; Developmental psychology ; Developmental Stages ; English ; Factors ; Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Infants ; Language ; Language Development ; Longitudinal Studies ; Monolingualism ; Mothers ; Multilingualism ; Newborn. Infant ; Oral Language ; Precursors ; Psychology. Psychoanalysis. Psychiatry ; Psychology. Psychophysiology ; Spain - ethnology ; Spanish Speaking ; Speech development ; Speech Perception ; Syllables ; USA</subject><ispartof>Journal of child language, 1997-06, Vol.24 (2), p.407-425</ispartof><rights>1997 Cambridge University Press</rights><rights>1997 INIST-CNRS</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c597t-8a30eb41ecc0f3b22e9d7d7c968bd05ae839e50fd7f78085b399e2f0935b4ed93</citedby></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S0305000997003097/type/journal_article$$EHTML$$P50$$Gcambridge$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>164,314,776,780,27846,27901,27902,30977,55603</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttp://eric.ed.gov/ERICWebPortal/detail?accno=EJ550666$$DView record in ERIC$$Hfree_for_read</backlink><backlink>$$Uhttp://pascal-francis.inist.fr/vibad/index.php?action=getRecordDetail&amp;idt=2793423$$DView record in Pascal Francis$$Hfree_for_read</backlink><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9308425$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>KIMBROUGH OLLER, D.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>EILERS, REBECCA E.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>URBANO, RICHARD</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>COBO-LEWIS, ALAN B.</creatorcontrib><title>Development of precursors to speech in infants exposed to two languages</title><title>Journal of child language</title><addtitle>J. Child Lang</addtitle><description>The study of bilingualism has often focused on two contradictory possibilities: that the learning of two languages may produce deficits of performance in each language by comparison with performance of monolingual individuals, or on the contrary, that the learning of two languages may produce linguistic or cognitive advantages with regard to the monolingual learning experience. The work reported here addressed the possibility that the very early bilingual experience of infancy may affect the unfolding of vocal precursors to speech. The results of longitudinal research with 73 infants aged 0;4 to 1;6 in monolingual and bilingual environments provided no support for either a bilingual deficit hypothesis nor for its opposite, a bilingual advantage hypothesis. Infants reared in bilingual and monolingual environments manifested similar ages of onset for canonical babbling (production of well-formed syllables), an event known to be fundamentally related to speech development. Further, quantitative measures of vocal performance (proportion of usage of well-formed syllables and vowel-like sounds) showed additional similarities between monolingual and bilingual infants. The similarities applied to infants of middle and low socio-economic status and to infants that were born at term or prematurely. The results suggest that vocal development in the first year of life is robust with respect to conditions of rearing. The biological foundations of speech appear to be such as to resist modifications in the natural schedule of vocal development.</description><subject>Audiotape Recordings</subject><subject>Bilingualism</subject><subject>Bilingualism. Multilingualism</subject><subject>Biological and medical sciences</subject><subject>Child development</subject><subject>Child Language</subject><subject>Communication disorders</subject><subject>Developmental psychology</subject><subject>Developmental Stages</subject><subject>English</subject><subject>Factors</subject><subject>Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Infant</subject><subject>Infant, Newborn</subject><subject>Infants</subject><subject>Language</subject><subject>Language Development</subject><subject>Longitudinal Studies</subject><subject>Monolingualism</subject><subject>Mothers</subject><subject>Multilingualism</subject><subject>Newborn. Infant</subject><subject>Oral Language</subject><subject>Precursors</subject><subject>Psychology. Psychoanalysis. Psychiatry</subject><subject>Psychology. Psychophysiology</subject><subject>Spain - ethnology</subject><subject>Spanish Speaking</subject><subject>Speech development</subject><subject>Speech Perception</subject><subject>Syllables</subject><subject>USA</subject><issn>0305-0009</issn><issn>1469-7602</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>1997</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><sourceid>K30</sourceid><sourceid>7QJ</sourceid><recordid>eNqFkW-L1DAQxoMo53r6AQSFguK76iRpmuSlrueqLP7hztchTadrz25Tk1bPb2_KlkUUWRhI4PnNMM8zhDyk8JwClS8ugYMAAK0lpK-Wt8iKFqXOZQnsNlnNcj7rd8m9GK_nH2h1Rs40B1UwsSKb1_gDOz_ssR8z32RDQDeF6EPMRp_FAdF9zdo-VWP7MWZ4M_iI9SyOP33W2X432R3G--ROY7uID5b3nHx5c3G1fptvP27erV9ucye0HHNlOWBVUHQOGl4xhrqWtXS6VFUNwqLiGgU0tWykAiUqrjWyBjQXVYG15ufk2WHuEPz3CeNo9m102KVF0E_RKME0sAJOgjJFUDCpToJCcUF1UZ4GZZmiZzP45C_w2k-hT7EYKjVVZSqZKHqgXPAxBmzMENq9Db8MBTNf1_xz3dTzeJk8VXusjx3LOZP-dNFtdLZrgu1dG48YS6YLxhP26IBhaN1RvXgvBJTlvH9-kNs44s1Rt-GbSXtLYcrNZyOvPq1fbS8_mDlqvjix-yq09Q7_MPxfL78B6LXR2Q</recordid><startdate>19970601</startdate><enddate>19970601</enddate><creator>KIMBROUGH OLLER, D.</creator><creator>EILERS, REBECCA E.</creator><creator>URBANO, RICHARD</creator><creator>COBO-LEWIS, ALAN B.</creator><general>Cambridge University Press</general><scope>BSCLL</scope><scope>7SW</scope><scope>BJH</scope><scope>BNH</scope><scope>BNI</scope><scope>BNJ</scope><scope>BNO</scope><scope>ERI</scope><scope>PET</scope><scope>REK</scope><scope>WWN</scope><scope>IQODW</scope><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>HJHVS</scope><scope>HQAFP</scope><scope>K30</scope><scope>PAAUG</scope><scope>PAWHS</scope><scope>PAWZZ</scope><scope>PAXOH</scope><scope>PBHAV</scope><scope>PBQSW</scope><scope>PBYQZ</scope><scope>PCIWU</scope><scope>PCMID</scope><scope>PCZJX</scope><scope>PDGRG</scope><scope>PDWWI</scope><scope>PETMR</scope><scope>PFVGT</scope><scope>PGXDX</scope><scope>PIHIL</scope><scope>PISVA</scope><scope>PJCTQ</scope><scope>PJTMS</scope><scope>PLCHJ</scope><scope>PMHAD</scope><scope>PNQDJ</scope><scope>POUND</scope><scope>PPLAD</scope><scope>PQAPC</scope><scope>PQCAN</scope><scope>PQCMW</scope><scope>PQEME</scope><scope>PQHKH</scope><scope>PQMID</scope><scope>PQNCT</scope><scope>PQNET</scope><scope>PQSCT</scope><scope>PQSET</scope><scope>PSVJG</scope><scope>PVMQY</scope><scope>PZGFC</scope><scope>7QJ</scope><scope>7T9</scope><scope>7X8</scope><scope>8BM</scope></search><sort><creationdate>19970601</creationdate><title>Development of precursors to speech in infants exposed to two languages</title><author>KIMBROUGH OLLER, D. ; EILERS, REBECCA E. ; URBANO, RICHARD ; COBO-LEWIS, ALAN B.</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c597t-8a30eb41ecc0f3b22e9d7d7c968bd05ae839e50fd7f78085b399e2f0935b4ed93</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>1997</creationdate><topic>Audiotape Recordings</topic><topic>Bilingualism</topic><topic>Bilingualism. Multilingualism</topic><topic>Biological and medical sciences</topic><topic>Child development</topic><topic>Child Language</topic><topic>Communication disorders</topic><topic>Developmental psychology</topic><topic>Developmental Stages</topic><topic>English</topic><topic>Factors</topic><topic>Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Infant</topic><topic>Infant, Newborn</topic><topic>Infants</topic><topic>Language</topic><topic>Language Development</topic><topic>Longitudinal Studies</topic><topic>Monolingualism</topic><topic>Mothers</topic><topic>Multilingualism</topic><topic>Newborn. Infant</topic><topic>Oral Language</topic><topic>Precursors</topic><topic>Psychology. Psychoanalysis. Psychiatry</topic><topic>Psychology. Psychophysiology</topic><topic>Spain - ethnology</topic><topic>Spanish Speaking</topic><topic>Speech development</topic><topic>Speech Perception</topic><topic>Syllables</topic><topic>USA</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>KIMBROUGH OLLER, D.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>EILERS, REBECCA E.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>URBANO, RICHARD</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>COBO-LEWIS, ALAN B.</creatorcontrib><collection>Istex</collection><collection>ERIC</collection><collection>ERIC (Ovid)</collection><collection>ERIC</collection><collection>ERIC</collection><collection>ERIC (Legacy Platform)</collection><collection>ERIC( SilverPlatter )</collection><collection>ERIC</collection><collection>ERIC PlusText (Legacy Platform)</collection><collection>Education Resources Information Center (ERIC)</collection><collection>ERIC</collection><collection>Pascal-Francis</collection><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Periodicals Index Online Segment 19</collection><collection>Periodicals Index Online Segment 23</collection><collection>Periodicals Index Online</collection><collection>Primary Sources Access—Foundation Edition (Plan E) - West</collection><collection>Primary Sources Access (Plan D) - International</collection><collection>Primary Sources Access &amp; Build (Plan A) - MEA</collection><collection>Primary Sources Access—Foundation Edition (Plan E) - Midwest</collection><collection>Primary Sources Access—Foundation Edition (Plan E) - Northeast</collection><collection>Primary Sources Access (Plan D) - Southeast</collection><collection>Primary Sources Access (Plan D) - North Central</collection><collection>Primary Sources Access—Foundation Edition (Plan E) - Southeast</collection><collection>Primary Sources Access (Plan D) - South Central</collection><collection>Primary Sources Access &amp; Build (Plan A) - UK / I</collection><collection>Primary Sources Access (Plan D) - Canada</collection><collection>Primary Sources Access (Plan D) - EMEALA</collection><collection>Primary Sources Access—Foundation Edition (Plan E) - North Central</collection><collection>Primary Sources Access—Foundation Edition (Plan E) - South Central</collection><collection>Primary Sources Access &amp; Build (Plan A) - International</collection><collection>Primary Sources Access—Foundation Edition (Plan E) - International</collection><collection>Primary Sources Access (Plan D) - West</collection><collection>Periodicals Index Online Segments 1-50</collection><collection>Primary Sources Access (Plan D) - APAC</collection><collection>Primary Sources Access (Plan D) - Midwest</collection><collection>Primary Sources Access (Plan D) - MEA</collection><collection>Primary Sources Access—Foundation Edition (Plan E) - Canada</collection><collection>Primary Sources Access—Foundation Edition (Plan E) - UK / I</collection><collection>Primary Sources Access—Foundation Edition (Plan E) - EMEALA</collection><collection>Primary Sources Access &amp; Build (Plan A) - APAC</collection><collection>Primary Sources Access &amp; Build (Plan A) - Canada</collection><collection>Primary Sources Access &amp; Build (Plan A) - West</collection><collection>Primary Sources Access &amp; Build (Plan A) - EMEALA</collection><collection>Primary Sources Access (Plan D) - Northeast</collection><collection>Primary Sources Access &amp; Build (Plan A) - Midwest</collection><collection>Primary Sources Access &amp; Build (Plan A) - North Central</collection><collection>Primary Sources Access &amp; Build (Plan A) - Northeast</collection><collection>Primary Sources Access &amp; Build (Plan A) - South Central</collection><collection>Primary Sources Access &amp; Build (Plan A) - Southeast</collection><collection>Primary Sources Access (Plan D) - UK / I</collection><collection>Primary Sources Access—Foundation Edition (Plan E) - APAC</collection><collection>Primary Sources Access—Foundation Edition (Plan E) - MEA</collection><collection>Applied Social Sciences Index &amp; Abstracts (ASSIA)</collection><collection>Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA)</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><collection>ComDisDome</collection><jtitle>Journal of child language</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>KIMBROUGH OLLER, D.</au><au>EILERS, REBECCA E.</au><au>URBANO, RICHARD</au><au>COBO-LEWIS, ALAN B.</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><ericid>EJ550666</ericid><atitle>Development of precursors to speech in infants exposed to two languages</atitle><jtitle>Journal of child language</jtitle><addtitle>J. Child Lang</addtitle><date>1997-06-01</date><risdate>1997</risdate><volume>24</volume><issue>2</issue><spage>407</spage><epage>425</epage><pages>407-425</pages><issn>0305-0009</issn><eissn>1469-7602</eissn><coden>JCLGBJ</coden><abstract>The study of bilingualism has often focused on two contradictory possibilities: that the learning of two languages may produce deficits of performance in each language by comparison with performance of monolingual individuals, or on the contrary, that the learning of two languages may produce linguistic or cognitive advantages with regard to the monolingual learning experience. The work reported here addressed the possibility that the very early bilingual experience of infancy may affect the unfolding of vocal precursors to speech. The results of longitudinal research with 73 infants aged 0;4 to 1;6 in monolingual and bilingual environments provided no support for either a bilingual deficit hypothesis nor for its opposite, a bilingual advantage hypothesis. Infants reared in bilingual and monolingual environments manifested similar ages of onset for canonical babbling (production of well-formed syllables), an event known to be fundamentally related to speech development. Further, quantitative measures of vocal performance (proportion of usage of well-formed syllables and vowel-like sounds) showed additional similarities between monolingual and bilingual infants. The similarities applied to infants of middle and low socio-economic status and to infants that were born at term or prematurely. The results suggest that vocal development in the first year of life is robust with respect to conditions of rearing. The biological foundations of speech appear to be such as to resist modifications in the natural schedule of vocal development.</abstract><cop>NewYork, NY</cop><pub>Cambridge University Press</pub><pmid>9308425</pmid><doi>10.1017/S0305000997003097</doi><tpages>19</tpages></addata></record>
fulltext fulltext
identifier ISSN: 0305-0009
ispartof Journal of child language, 1997-06, Vol.24 (2), p.407-425
issn 0305-0009
1469-7602
language eng
recordid cdi_proquest_miscellaneous_85290240
source Applied Social Sciences Index & Abstracts (ASSIA); MEDLINE; Periodicals Index Online; Cambridge University Press Journals Complete
subjects Audiotape Recordings
Bilingualism
Bilingualism. Multilingualism
Biological and medical sciences
Child development
Child Language
Communication disorders
Developmental psychology
Developmental Stages
English
Factors
Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology
Humans
Infant
Infant, Newborn
Infants
Language
Language Development
Longitudinal Studies
Monolingualism
Mothers
Multilingualism
Newborn. Infant
Oral Language
Precursors
Psychology. Psychoanalysis. Psychiatry
Psychology. Psychophysiology
Spain - ethnology
Spanish Speaking
Speech development
Speech Perception
Syllables
USA
title Development of precursors to speech in infants exposed to two languages
url https://sfx.bib-bvb.de/sfx_tum?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&ctx_tim=2025-02-03T13%3A08%3A39IST&url_ver=Z39.88-2004&url_ctx_fmt=infofi/fmt:kev:mtx:ctx&rfr_id=info:sid/primo.exlibrisgroup.com:primo3-Article-proquest_cross&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Development%20of%20precursors%20to%20speech%20in%20infants%20exposed%20to%20two%20languages&rft.jtitle=Journal%20of%20child%20language&rft.au=KIMBROUGH%20OLLER,%20D.&rft.date=1997-06-01&rft.volume=24&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=407&rft.epage=425&rft.pages=407-425&rft.issn=0305-0009&rft.eissn=1469-7602&rft.coden=JCLGBJ&rft_id=info:doi/10.1017/S0305000997003097&rft_dat=%3Cproquest_cross%3E58351946%3C/proquest_cross%3E%3Curl%3E%3C/url%3E&disable_directlink=true&sfx.directlink=off&sfx.report_link=0&rft_id=info:oai/&rft_pqid=1791861867&rft_id=info:pmid/9308425&rft_cupid=10_1017_S0305000997003097&rft_ericid=EJ550666&rfr_iscdi=true