Does rank have its privilege? Inductive inferences within folkbiological taxonomies
A comparative study of categorization via folk biological taxonomies focuses on the relation between privileged levels of biological categories & inductive inference. Experiment 1 investigated Itzaj Maya (N = 15, aged 54-80) inductive inferences to folk biological taxa of ranks. Experiment 2 inv...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Cognition 1997-07, Vol.64 (1), p.73-112 |
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| creator | Coley, J.D Medin, D.L Atran, S |
| description | A comparative study of categorization via folk biological taxonomies focuses on the relation between privileged levels of biological categories & inductive inference. Experiment 1 investigated Itzaj Maya (N = 15, aged 54-80) inductive inferences to folk biological taxa of ranks. Experiment 2 investigated American (N = 30 undergraduates) inductive inferences to corresponding taxa. Experiment 3 (N = 30) examined the linguistic transparency of the inductive privilege of folk-generic categories by eliminating the nomenclature advantage of experiment 2. Experiment 4 (N = 30) attempted to show privilege of a given taxonomic level. Whereas tasks tapping knowledge in urbanized American adults does not necessarily predict privilege, in Itzaj Maya adults, presumptive basic level corresponds to the inductively privileged level; a similarity-based account fails to account for this difference. These findings suggest that in traditional cultures, knowledge & expectation converge on a single privileged level; in urban culture, however, language & expectation result in a dissociation of knowledge that leads to salient folk biological categories despite little knowledge of the natural world at this level. It is concluded that despite cross-cultural differences in knowledge about folk-generic taxa & expectations about the way the world is categorized, there are, cross-culturally, very similar patterns of conceptual organization & reasoning as a result of a fundamental categorization component process of human cognition. 9 Figures, 58 References. T. Rosenberg |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1016/S0010-0277(97)00017-6 |
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Whereas tasks tapping knowledge in urbanized American adults does not necessarily predict privilege, in Itzaj Maya adults, presumptive basic level corresponds to the inductively privileged level; a similarity-based account fails to account for this difference. These findings suggest that in traditional cultures, knowledge & expectation converge on a single privileged level; in urban culture, however, language & expectation result in a dissociation of knowledge that leads to salient folk biological categories despite little knowledge of the natural world at this level. It is concluded that despite cross-cultural differences in knowledge about folk-generic taxa & expectations about the way the world is categorized, there are, cross-culturally, very similar patterns of conceptual organization & reasoning as a result of a fundamental categorization component process of human cognition. 9 Figures, 58 References. T. 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Inductive inferences within folkbiological taxonomies</title><title>Cognition</title><addtitle>Cognition</addtitle><description>A comparative study of categorization via folk biological taxonomies focuses on the relation between privileged levels of biological categories & inductive inference. Experiment 1 investigated Itzaj Maya (N = 15, aged 54-80) inductive inferences to folk biological taxa of ranks. Experiment 2 investigated American (N = 30 undergraduates) inductive inferences to corresponding taxa. Experiment 3 (N = 30) examined the linguistic transparency of the inductive privilege of folk-generic categories by eliminating the nomenclature advantage of experiment 2. Experiment 4 (N = 30) attempted to show privilege of a given taxonomic level. Whereas tasks tapping knowledge in urbanized American adults does not necessarily predict privilege, in Itzaj Maya adults, presumptive basic level corresponds to the inductively privileged level; a similarity-based account fails to account for this difference. These findings suggest that in traditional cultures, knowledge & expectation converge on a single privileged level; in urban culture, however, language & expectation result in a dissociation of knowledge that leads to salient folk biological categories despite little knowledge of the natural world at this level. It is concluded that despite cross-cultural differences in knowledge about folk-generic taxa & expectations about the way the world is categorized, there are, cross-culturally, very similar patterns of conceptual organization & reasoning as a result of a fundamental categorization component process of human cognition. 9 Figures, 58 References. T. 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Inductive inferences within folkbiological taxonomies</atitle><jtitle>Cognition</jtitle><addtitle>Cognition</addtitle><date>1997-07-01</date><risdate>1997</risdate><volume>64</volume><issue>1</issue><spage>73</spage><epage>112</epage><pages>73-112</pages><issn>0010-0277</issn><eissn>1873-7838</eissn><coden>CGTNAU</coden><abstract>A comparative study of categorization via folk biological taxonomies focuses on the relation between privileged levels of biological categories & inductive inference. Experiment 1 investigated Itzaj Maya (N = 15, aged 54-80) inductive inferences to folk biological taxa of ranks. Experiment 2 investigated American (N = 30 undergraduates) inductive inferences to corresponding taxa. Experiment 3 (N = 30) examined the linguistic transparency of the inductive privilege of folk-generic categories by eliminating the nomenclature advantage of experiment 2. Experiment 4 (N = 30) attempted to show privilege of a given taxonomic level. 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| subjects | Adult Aged Aged, 80 and over Americans Analysis of Variance Animal Population Groups - classification Animals Classification Cognition Communication disorders Concept Formation Cross-Cultural Comparison Female Folk classification Guatemala Humans Indians, Central American - psychology Language Linguistics Logic Male Maya Middle Aged Plants - classification Psycholinguistics Taxonomy Terminology as Topic United States |
| title | Does rank have its privilege? Inductive inferences within folkbiological taxonomies |
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