Length‐Dependent Calcium Inotropism in Cat Papillary Muscle

We studied changes in the relationship of isometric developed force to muscle length when extracellular calcium concentration was altered in isolated cat papillary muscles. In two series of experiments at temperatures of 30°C and 32°C, and rates of 12 and 30 beats/min, 21 muscles were exposed to calcium concentrations of 1.125, 2.25 and 4.5 IDM. Muscle lengths were varied between 80% and 100% of the length at which maximum developed force occurred (Lmax). Peak developed force and the time from stimulus to peak force were measured. The data indicate that force is not altered proportionately at all lengths when calcium concentration is changed. Rather, we found that a substantially greater modification of force occurs at short lengths than at long lengths. Similarly, the time to peak force increases with length at a rate which is more than 4 times greater at the low calcium concentration than it is at the high concentration. Small but consistent shifts of Lmax also are seen. We observed that Lmax is longer when inotropic changes reduce force and shorter when force is increased. These results indicate that the inotropic effect of extracellular calcium concentration changes is dependent on muscle length.