Epidemiology of Cytomegalovirus Infection after Transplantation and Immunosuppression
Viral infections and clinical complications were studied during hemodialysis and after renal transplantation. Active cytomegalovirus infection developed in 96% of patients after renal transplantation; reactivation of herpes simplex, varicella-zoster, and Epstein-Barr viruses was found in 35%,24%, an...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | The Journal of infectious diseases 1975-10, Vol.132 (4), p.421-433 |
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| creator | Fiala, Milan Payne, John E. Berne, Thomas V. Moore, Thomas C. Henle, Werner Montgomerie, John Z. Chatterjee, Satya N. Guze, Lucien B. |
| description | Viral infections and clinical complications were studied during hemodialysis and after renal transplantation. Active cytomegalovirus infection developed in 96% of patients after renal transplantation; reactivation of herpes simplex, varicella-zoster, and Epstein-Barr viruses was found in 35%,24%, and 0% of patients, respectively. Cytomegalovirus viremia developed in 42% of patients an average of two months after renal transplantation, lasted 1.75 (±1.5) months (except in one patient with chronic viremia), and was followed by chronic viruria. Higher titers of infectious cytomegalovirus were found in the polymorphonuclear than in the mononuclear leukocyte fraction. Reactivation of a latent infection and, less likely, respiratory infection appear to be the most probable mechanisms of cytomegalovirus infection after renal transplantation. One to three months after transplant, cytomegalovirus infection may be related to fever, arthralgia, pneumonitis, and leukopenia; three to four months after transplant, the virus may be related to hepatitis; and 12–30 months after transplant, it may be related to retinitis in patients with chronic viremia. Although other causes of these complications are possible, herpes simplex virus, Epstein-Barr virus, varicella-zoster virus, measles virus, adenovirus, hepatitis B virus, and Toxoplasma gondii appear to be of lesser importance than cytomegalovirus in this respect. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1093/infdis/132.4.421 |
| format | Article |
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Active cytomegalovirus infection developed in 96% of patients after renal transplantation; reactivation of herpes simplex, varicella-zoster, and Epstein-Barr viruses was found in 35%,24%, and 0% of patients, respectively. Cytomegalovirus viremia developed in 42% of patients an average of two months after renal transplantation, lasted 1.75 (±1.5) months (except in one patient with chronic viremia), and was followed by chronic viruria. Higher titers of infectious cytomegalovirus were found in the polymorphonuclear than in the mononuclear leukocyte fraction. Reactivation of a latent infection and, less likely, respiratory infection appear to be the most probable mechanisms of cytomegalovirus infection after renal transplantation. One to three months after transplant, cytomegalovirus infection may be related to fever, arthralgia, pneumonitis, and leukopenia; three to four months after transplant, the virus may be related to hepatitis; and 12–30 months after transplant, it may be related to retinitis in patients with chronic viremia. Although other causes of these complications are possible, herpes simplex virus, Epstein-Barr virus, varicella-zoster virus, measles virus, adenovirus, hepatitis B virus, and Toxoplasma gondii appear to be of lesser importance than cytomegalovirus in this respect.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0022-1899</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1537-6613</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1093/infdis/132.4.421</identifier><identifier>PMID: 171315</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>United States: The University of Chicago Press</publisher><subject>Adult ; Antibodies ; Antibodies, Viral - analysis ; Antilymphocyte Serum - adverse effects ; Arthralgia ; Arthritis - etiology ; Blood ; California ; Complement Fixation Tests ; Cytomegalovirus ; Cytomegalovirus infections ; Cytomegalovirus Infections - epidemiology ; Cytomegalovirus Infections - etiology ; Female ; Graft Rejection ; Humans ; Immunosuppression - adverse effects ; Infections ; Kidney Failure, Chronic - therapy ; Kidney Transplantation ; Leukocytes - microbiology ; Major Articles ; Male ; Medical Staff, Hospital ; Postoperative Complications ; Renal Dialysis ; T-Lymphocytes - immunology ; Transplantation ; Transplantation, Homologous - adverse effects ; Urine ; Viremia ; Virus Diseases - epidemiology ; Viruses</subject><ispartof>The Journal of infectious diseases, 1975-10, Vol.132 (4), p.421-433</ispartof><rights>Copyright 1975 University of Chicago</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c419t-fbaef5bdba23c64fc13fe22464a8f6b185a2dcdf2956cc0c6be9a61025e0af5c3</citedby></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.jstor.org/stable/pdf/30106193$$EPDF$$P50$$Gjstor$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.jstor.org/stable/30106193$$EHTML$$P50$$Gjstor$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,780,784,803,27924,27925,58017,58250</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/171315$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Fiala, Milan</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Payne, John E.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Berne, Thomas V.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Moore, Thomas C.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Henle, Werner</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Montgomerie, John Z.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Chatterjee, Satya N.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Guze, Lucien B.</creatorcontrib><title>Epidemiology of Cytomegalovirus Infection after Transplantation and Immunosuppression</title><title>The Journal of infectious diseases</title><addtitle>J Infect Dis</addtitle><description>Viral infections and clinical complications were studied during hemodialysis and after renal transplantation. Active cytomegalovirus infection developed in 96% of patients after renal transplantation; reactivation of herpes simplex, varicella-zoster, and Epstein-Barr viruses was found in 35%,24%, and 0% of patients, respectively. Cytomegalovirus viremia developed in 42% of patients an average of two months after renal transplantation, lasted 1.75 (±1.5) months (except in one patient with chronic viremia), and was followed by chronic viruria. Higher titers of infectious cytomegalovirus were found in the polymorphonuclear than in the mononuclear leukocyte fraction. Reactivation of a latent infection and, less likely, respiratory infection appear to be the most probable mechanisms of cytomegalovirus infection after renal transplantation. One to three months after transplant, cytomegalovirus infection may be related to fever, arthralgia, pneumonitis, and leukopenia; three to four months after transplant, the virus may be related to hepatitis; and 12–30 months after transplant, it may be related to retinitis in patients with chronic viremia. Although other causes of these complications are possible, herpes simplex virus, Epstein-Barr virus, varicella-zoster virus, measles virus, adenovirus, hepatitis B virus, and Toxoplasma gondii appear to be of lesser importance than cytomegalovirus in this respect.</description><subject>Adult</subject><subject>Antibodies</subject><subject>Antibodies, Viral - analysis</subject><subject>Antilymphocyte Serum - adverse effects</subject><subject>Arthralgia</subject><subject>Arthritis - etiology</subject><subject>Blood</subject><subject>California</subject><subject>Complement Fixation Tests</subject><subject>Cytomegalovirus</subject><subject>Cytomegalovirus infections</subject><subject>Cytomegalovirus Infections - epidemiology</subject><subject>Cytomegalovirus Infections - etiology</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>Graft Rejection</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Immunosuppression - adverse effects</subject><subject>Infections</subject><subject>Kidney Failure, Chronic - therapy</subject><subject>Kidney Transplantation</subject><subject>Leukocytes - microbiology</subject><subject>Major Articles</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>Medical Staff, Hospital</subject><subject>Postoperative Complications</subject><subject>Renal Dialysis</subject><subject>T-Lymphocytes - immunology</subject><subject>Transplantation</subject><subject>Transplantation, Homologous - adverse effects</subject><subject>Urine</subject><subject>Viremia</subject><subject>Virus Diseases - epidemiology</subject><subject>Viruses</subject><issn>0022-1899</issn><issn>1537-6613</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>1975</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><recordid>eNpFkEtLxDAURoP4Gh97FwpdueuYm1enSxnHcVTQhYK4CWmaSLRtatKK8--tVnR14Tv3flwOQkeAp4BzeuYaW7p4BpRM2ZQR2EAT4DRLhQC6iSYYE5LCLM930V6MrxhjRkW2g7YhAwp8gh4XrStN7XzlX9aJt8l83fnavKjKf7jQx2TVWKM755tE2c6E5CGoJraVajo1pk2ZrOq6b3zs2zaYGIf0AG1ZVUVz-Dv30ePl4mF-ld7eLVfz89tUM8i71BbKWF6UhSJUC2Y1UGsIYYKpmRUFzLgipS4tybnQGmtRmFwJwIQbrCzXdB-djr1t8O-9iZ2sXdSmGt4zvo9yRjEnAsSwiMdFHXyMwVjZBlersJaA5bdIOYqUg0jJ5CByODn-7e6L2pT_Bz_mBnwy4tfY-fBHKQYsIKcDT0fuYmc-_7gKb1JkNOPy6ulZXouLJXu6X8ob-gW3sov5</recordid><startdate>197510</startdate><enddate>197510</enddate><creator>Fiala, Milan</creator><creator>Payne, John E.</creator><creator>Berne, Thomas V.</creator><creator>Moore, Thomas C.</creator><creator>Henle, Werner</creator><creator>Montgomerie, John Z.</creator><creator>Chatterjee, Satya N.</creator><creator>Guze, Lucien B.</creator><general>The University of Chicago Press</general><general>University of Chicago Press</general><scope>BSCLL</scope><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7X8</scope></search><sort><creationdate>197510</creationdate><title>Epidemiology of Cytomegalovirus Infection after Transplantation and Immunosuppression</title><author>Fiala, Milan ; Payne, John E. ; Berne, Thomas V. ; Moore, Thomas C. ; Henle, Werner ; Montgomerie, John Z. ; Chatterjee, Satya N. ; Guze, Lucien B.</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c419t-fbaef5bdba23c64fc13fe22464a8f6b185a2dcdf2956cc0c6be9a61025e0af5c3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>1975</creationdate><topic>Adult</topic><topic>Antibodies</topic><topic>Antibodies, Viral - analysis</topic><topic>Antilymphocyte Serum - adverse effects</topic><topic>Arthralgia</topic><topic>Arthritis - etiology</topic><topic>Blood</topic><topic>California</topic><topic>Complement Fixation Tests</topic><topic>Cytomegalovirus</topic><topic>Cytomegalovirus infections</topic><topic>Cytomegalovirus Infections - epidemiology</topic><topic>Cytomegalovirus Infections - etiology</topic><topic>Female</topic><topic>Graft Rejection</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Immunosuppression - adverse effects</topic><topic>Infections</topic><topic>Kidney Failure, Chronic - therapy</topic><topic>Kidney Transplantation</topic><topic>Leukocytes - microbiology</topic><topic>Major Articles</topic><topic>Male</topic><topic>Medical Staff, Hospital</topic><topic>Postoperative Complications</topic><topic>Renal Dialysis</topic><topic>T-Lymphocytes - immunology</topic><topic>Transplantation</topic><topic>Transplantation, Homologous - adverse effects</topic><topic>Urine</topic><topic>Viremia</topic><topic>Virus Diseases - epidemiology</topic><topic>Viruses</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Fiala, Milan</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Payne, John E.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Berne, Thomas V.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Moore, Thomas C.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Henle, Werner</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Montgomerie, John Z.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Chatterjee, Satya N.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Guze, Lucien B.</creatorcontrib><collection>Istex</collection><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><jtitle>The Journal of infectious diseases</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Fiala, Milan</au><au>Payne, John E.</au><au>Berne, Thomas V.</au><au>Moore, Thomas C.</au><au>Henle, Werner</au><au>Montgomerie, John Z.</au><au>Chatterjee, Satya N.</au><au>Guze, Lucien B.</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Epidemiology of Cytomegalovirus Infection after Transplantation and Immunosuppression</atitle><jtitle>The Journal of infectious diseases</jtitle><addtitle>J Infect Dis</addtitle><date>1975-10</date><risdate>1975</risdate><volume>132</volume><issue>4</issue><spage>421</spage><epage>433</epage><pages>421-433</pages><issn>0022-1899</issn><eissn>1537-6613</eissn><abstract>Viral infections and clinical complications were studied during hemodialysis and after renal transplantation. Active cytomegalovirus infection developed in 96% of patients after renal transplantation; reactivation of herpes simplex, varicella-zoster, and Epstein-Barr viruses was found in 35%,24%, and 0% of patients, respectively. Cytomegalovirus viremia developed in 42% of patients an average of two months after renal transplantation, lasted 1.75 (±1.5) months (except in one patient with chronic viremia), and was followed by chronic viruria. Higher titers of infectious cytomegalovirus were found in the polymorphonuclear than in the mononuclear leukocyte fraction. Reactivation of a latent infection and, less likely, respiratory infection appear to be the most probable mechanisms of cytomegalovirus infection after renal transplantation. One to three months after transplant, cytomegalovirus infection may be related to fever, arthralgia, pneumonitis, and leukopenia; three to four months after transplant, the virus may be related to hepatitis; and 12–30 months after transplant, it may be related to retinitis in patients with chronic viremia. Although other causes of these complications are possible, herpes simplex virus, Epstein-Barr virus, varicella-zoster virus, measles virus, adenovirus, hepatitis B virus, and Toxoplasma gondii appear to be of lesser importance than cytomegalovirus in this respect.</abstract><cop>United States</cop><pub>The University of Chicago Press</pub><pmid>171315</pmid><doi>10.1093/infdis/132.4.421</doi><tpages>13</tpages></addata></record> |
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| subjects | Adult Antibodies Antibodies, Viral - analysis Antilymphocyte Serum - adverse effects Arthralgia Arthritis - etiology Blood California Complement Fixation Tests Cytomegalovirus Cytomegalovirus infections Cytomegalovirus Infections - epidemiology Cytomegalovirus Infections - etiology Female Graft Rejection Humans Immunosuppression - adverse effects Infections Kidney Failure, Chronic - therapy Kidney Transplantation Leukocytes - microbiology Major Articles Male Medical Staff, Hospital Postoperative Complications Renal Dialysis T-Lymphocytes - immunology Transplantation Transplantation, Homologous - adverse effects Urine Viremia Virus Diseases - epidemiology Viruses |
| title | Epidemiology of Cytomegalovirus Infection after Transplantation and Immunosuppression |
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