Immunogenicity of Formaldehyde-Inactivated Enterotoxins A and C1 of Staphylococcus aureus
Quantitative precipitation of antisera specific for native enterotoxin revealed that 70% and 60%, respectively, of the antigenic determinants of enterotoxins A and C1 of Staphylococcus aureus were inactivated by formaldehyde at pH 5.0, 80% and 85%, respectively, at pH 7.5, and nearly 100% at pH 9.5....
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| Veröffentlicht in: | The Journal of infectious diseases 1975-05, Vol.131 (5), p.535-542 |
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| container_title | The Journal of infectious diseases |
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| creator | Warren, John R. Spero, Leonard Metzger, Joseph F. McGann, Virginia G. |
| description | Quantitative precipitation of antisera specific for native enterotoxin revealed that 70% and 60%, respectively, of the antigenic determinants of enterotoxins A and C1 of Staphylococcus aureus were inactivated by formaldehyde at pH 5.0, 80% and 85%, respectively, at pH 7.5, and nearly 100% at pH 9.5. Enterotoxin C1 inactivated by formaldehyde at pH 5.0 or 7.5 contained large polymers (excluded by Sepharose 2B) and induced strong humoral immune responses in rhesus monkeys. Enterotoxin A inactivated at pH 5.0 or 7.5 was composed mostly of small polymers (excluded by Sephadex G-IOO but included by Sepharose 2B); it provoked a poor immune response in monkeys (about equivalent to the response obtained with weakly reactive toxin inactivated at alkaline pH). It was concluded that potent enterotoxoids were formed by extensive cross-linking of enterotoxin Ct into large polymers in acidic or neutral formaldehyde solution. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1093/infdis/131.5.535 |
| format | Article |
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Enterotoxin C1 inactivated by formaldehyde at pH 5.0 or 7.5 contained large polymers (excluded by Sepharose 2B) and induced strong humoral immune responses in rhesus monkeys. Enterotoxin A inactivated at pH 5.0 or 7.5 was composed mostly of small polymers (excluded by Sephadex G-IOO but included by Sepharose 2B); it provoked a poor immune response in monkeys (about equivalent to the response obtained with weakly reactive toxin inactivated at alkaline pH). It was concluded that potent enterotoxoids were formed by extensive cross-linking of enterotoxin Ct into large polymers in acidic or neutral formaldehyde solution.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0022-1899</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1537-6613</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1093/infdis/131.5.535</identifier><identifier>PMID: 236345</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>United States: The University of Chicago Press</publisher><subject>Animals ; Antibodies ; Antibody Formation ; Antigens ; Antigens, Bacterial - analysis ; Chromatography, Gel ; Chromatography, Ion Exchange ; Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel ; Enterotoxins ; Enterotoxins - immunology ; Enterotoxins - isolation & purification ; Formaldehyde - pharmacology ; Gels ; Hemagglutination Tests ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Immune response ; Immune Sera ; Immunodiffusion ; Macaca mulatta ; Major Articles ; Polymers ; Precipitins ; Rabbits - immunology ; Sepharose ; Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate ; Staphylococcus ; Staphylococcus - immunology ; Staphylococcus aureus ; Toxins</subject><ispartof>The Journal of infectious diseases, 1975-05, Vol.131 (5), p.535-542</ispartof><rights>Copyright 1975 University of Chicago</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c353t-f32c73aa664eb16d6b9691c411f68eda701a18ac6fdb0c549f2cbf02490980393</citedby></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.jstor.org/stable/pdf/30106462$$EPDF$$P50$$Gjstor$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.jstor.org/stable/30106462$$EHTML$$P50$$Gjstor$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,780,784,803,27923,27924,58016,58249</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/236345$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Warren, John R.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Spero, Leonard</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Metzger, Joseph F.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>McGann, Virginia G.</creatorcontrib><title>Immunogenicity of Formaldehyde-Inactivated Enterotoxins A and C1 of Staphylococcus aureus</title><title>The Journal of infectious diseases</title><addtitle>J Infect Dis</addtitle><description>Quantitative precipitation of antisera specific for native enterotoxin revealed that 70% and 60%, respectively, of the antigenic determinants of enterotoxins A and C1 of Staphylococcus aureus were inactivated by formaldehyde at pH 5.0, 80% and 85%, respectively, at pH 7.5, and nearly 100% at pH 9.5. Enterotoxin C1 inactivated by formaldehyde at pH 5.0 or 7.5 contained large polymers (excluded by Sepharose 2B) and induced strong humoral immune responses in rhesus monkeys. Enterotoxin A inactivated at pH 5.0 or 7.5 was composed mostly of small polymers (excluded by Sephadex G-IOO but included by Sepharose 2B); it provoked a poor immune response in monkeys (about equivalent to the response obtained with weakly reactive toxin inactivated at alkaline pH). It was concluded that potent enterotoxoids were formed by extensive cross-linking of enterotoxin Ct into large polymers in acidic or neutral formaldehyde solution.</description><subject>Animals</subject><subject>Antibodies</subject><subject>Antibody Formation</subject><subject>Antigens</subject><subject>Antigens, Bacterial - analysis</subject><subject>Chromatography, Gel</subject><subject>Chromatography, Ion Exchange</subject><subject>Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel</subject><subject>Enterotoxins</subject><subject>Enterotoxins - immunology</subject><subject>Enterotoxins - isolation & purification</subject><subject>Formaldehyde - pharmacology</subject><subject>Gels</subject><subject>Hemagglutination Tests</subject><subject>Hydrogen-Ion Concentration</subject><subject>Immune response</subject><subject>Immune Sera</subject><subject>Immunodiffusion</subject><subject>Macaca mulatta</subject><subject>Major Articles</subject><subject>Polymers</subject><subject>Precipitins</subject><subject>Rabbits - immunology</subject><subject>Sepharose</subject><subject>Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate</subject><subject>Staphylococcus</subject><subject>Staphylococcus - immunology</subject><subject>Staphylococcus aureus</subject><subject>Toxins</subject><issn>0022-1899</issn><issn>1537-6613</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>1975</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><recordid>eNo9kEtv1DAUhS3EayjsWYCUVXeZ-ubGTryshj5GVGXRIgEby_GDuiTxYDtV5983VapZ3cV3zrnSR8hnoGugAk_86IxPJ4CwZmuG7BVZAcOm5BzwNVlRWlUltEK8Jx9SuqeU1sibd-RthRxrtiK_t8MwjeGvHb32eV8EV5yHOKje2Lu9seV2VDr7B5WtKc7GbGPI4dGPqTgt1GiKDTw3brLa3e37oIPWUyrUFO2UPpI3TvXJfnq5R-Tn-dnt5rK8-nGx3ZxelRoZ5tJhpRtUivPadsAN7wQXoGsAx1trVENBQas0d6ajmtXCVbpztKoFFS1FgUfkeNndxfB_sinLwSdt-16NNkxJtlVbs7aBOUiXoI4hpWid3EU_qLiXQOWzTLnIlLNMyeQsc658edmeusGaQ2GxN-OvC75POcQDRQqU17yaeblwn7J9PHAV_0neYMPk5a8_srnGb9-vWza_fQI-UoqC</recordid><startdate>197505</startdate><enddate>197505</enddate><creator>Warren, John R.</creator><creator>Spero, Leonard</creator><creator>Metzger, Joseph F.</creator><creator>McGann, Virginia G.</creator><general>The University of Chicago Press</general><general>University of Chicago Press</general><scope>BSCLL</scope><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7X8</scope></search><sort><creationdate>197505</creationdate><title>Immunogenicity of Formaldehyde-Inactivated Enterotoxins A and C1 of Staphylococcus aureus</title><author>Warren, John R. ; Spero, Leonard ; Metzger, Joseph F. ; McGann, Virginia G.</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c353t-f32c73aa664eb16d6b9691c411f68eda701a18ac6fdb0c549f2cbf02490980393</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>1975</creationdate><topic>Animals</topic><topic>Antibodies</topic><topic>Antibody Formation</topic><topic>Antigens</topic><topic>Antigens, Bacterial - analysis</topic><topic>Chromatography, Gel</topic><topic>Chromatography, Ion Exchange</topic><topic>Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel</topic><topic>Enterotoxins</topic><topic>Enterotoxins - immunology</topic><topic>Enterotoxins - isolation & purification</topic><topic>Formaldehyde - pharmacology</topic><topic>Gels</topic><topic>Hemagglutination Tests</topic><topic>Hydrogen-Ion Concentration</topic><topic>Immune response</topic><topic>Immune Sera</topic><topic>Immunodiffusion</topic><topic>Macaca mulatta</topic><topic>Major Articles</topic><topic>Polymers</topic><topic>Precipitins</topic><topic>Rabbits - immunology</topic><topic>Sepharose</topic><topic>Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate</topic><topic>Staphylococcus</topic><topic>Staphylococcus - immunology</topic><topic>Staphylococcus aureus</topic><topic>Toxins</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Warren, John R.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Spero, Leonard</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Metzger, Joseph F.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>McGann, Virginia G.</creatorcontrib><collection>Istex</collection><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><jtitle>The Journal of infectious diseases</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Warren, John R.</au><au>Spero, Leonard</au><au>Metzger, Joseph F.</au><au>McGann, Virginia G.</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Immunogenicity of Formaldehyde-Inactivated Enterotoxins A and C1 of Staphylococcus aureus</atitle><jtitle>The Journal of infectious diseases</jtitle><addtitle>J Infect Dis</addtitle><date>1975-05</date><risdate>1975</risdate><volume>131</volume><issue>5</issue><spage>535</spage><epage>542</epage><pages>535-542</pages><issn>0022-1899</issn><eissn>1537-6613</eissn><abstract>Quantitative precipitation of antisera specific for native enterotoxin revealed that 70% and 60%, respectively, of the antigenic determinants of enterotoxins A and C1 of Staphylococcus aureus were inactivated by formaldehyde at pH 5.0, 80% and 85%, respectively, at pH 7.5, and nearly 100% at pH 9.5. Enterotoxin C1 inactivated by formaldehyde at pH 5.0 or 7.5 contained large polymers (excluded by Sepharose 2B) and induced strong humoral immune responses in rhesus monkeys. Enterotoxin A inactivated at pH 5.0 or 7.5 was composed mostly of small polymers (excluded by Sephadex G-IOO but included by Sepharose 2B); it provoked a poor immune response in monkeys (about equivalent to the response obtained with weakly reactive toxin inactivated at alkaline pH). It was concluded that potent enterotoxoids were formed by extensive cross-linking of enterotoxin Ct into large polymers in acidic or neutral formaldehyde solution.</abstract><cop>United States</cop><pub>The University of Chicago Press</pub><pmid>236345</pmid><doi>10.1093/infdis/131.5.535</doi><tpages>8</tpages></addata></record> |
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| ispartof | The Journal of infectious diseases, 1975-05, Vol.131 (5), p.535-542 |
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| language | eng |
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| source | MEDLINE; JSTOR Archive Collection A-Z Listing |
| subjects | Animals Antibodies Antibody Formation Antigens Antigens, Bacterial - analysis Chromatography, Gel Chromatography, Ion Exchange Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel Enterotoxins Enterotoxins - immunology Enterotoxins - isolation & purification Formaldehyde - pharmacology Gels Hemagglutination Tests Hydrogen-Ion Concentration Immune response Immune Sera Immunodiffusion Macaca mulatta Major Articles Polymers Precipitins Rabbits - immunology Sepharose Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate Staphylococcus Staphylococcus - immunology Staphylococcus aureus Toxins |
| title | Immunogenicity of Formaldehyde-Inactivated Enterotoxins A and C1 of Staphylococcus aureus |
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