Central memory CD4+ T cells dominate the normal cerebrospinal fluid
Background: To use cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) immune phenotyping as a diagnostic and research tool, we have set out to establish reference values of white blood cell (WBC) subsets in CSF. Methods: We assessed the absolute numbers and percentages of WBC subsets by 6‐color flow cytometry in paired CSF...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Cytometry. Part B, Clinical cytometry Clinical cytometry, 2011-01, Vol.80B (1), p.43-50 |
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| container_title | Cytometry. Part B, Clinical cytometry |
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| creator | de Graaf, Marieke T. Smitt, Peter A. E. Sillevis Luitwieler, Ronald L. van Velzen, Chris van den Broek, Patricia D. M. Kraan, Jaco Gratama, Jan W. |
| description | Background:
To use cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) immune phenotyping as a diagnostic and research tool, we have set out to establish reference values of white blood cell (WBC) subsets in CSF.
Methods:
We assessed the absolute numbers and percentages of WBC subsets by 6‐color flow cytometry in paired CSF and blood samples of 84 individuals without neurological disease who underwent spinal anaesthesia for surgery. Leukocyte (i.e., lymphocytes, granulocytes, and monocytes), lymphocyte (i.e., T [CD4+ and CD8+], NK, NKT and B cells), T cell (i.e., naïve, central memory, effector memory, and regulatory) and dendritic cell subsets (i.e., myeloid and plasmacytoid) were studied.
Results:
CSF showed a predominance of T cells, while granulocytes, B and NK cells were relatively rare compared to blood. The majority of T cells in CSF consisted of CD4+ T cells (∼70%), most of them (∼90%) with a central memory phenotype, while B cells were almost absent ( |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1002/cyto.b.20542 |
| format | Article |
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To use cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) immune phenotyping as a diagnostic and research tool, we have set out to establish reference values of white blood cell (WBC) subsets in CSF.
Methods:
We assessed the absolute numbers and percentages of WBC subsets by 6‐color flow cytometry in paired CSF and blood samples of 84 individuals without neurological disease who underwent spinal anaesthesia for surgery. Leukocyte (i.e., lymphocytes, granulocytes, and monocytes), lymphocyte (i.e., T [CD4+ and CD8+], NK, NKT and B cells), T cell (i.e., naïve, central memory, effector memory, and regulatory) and dendritic cell subsets (i.e., myeloid and plasmacytoid) were studied.
Results:
CSF showed a predominance of T cells, while granulocytes, B and NK cells were relatively rare compared to blood. The majority of T cells in CSF consisted of CD4+ T cells (∼70%), most of them (∼90%) with a central memory phenotype, while B cells were almost absent (<1%). Among the small population of dendritic cells in CSF, those of the myeloid subtype were more frequent than plasmacytoid dendritic cells (medians: 1.7% and 0.4% of leukocytes, respectively), whilst both subsets made up 0.2% of leukocytes in blood.
Conclusions:
This study reports reference values of absolute numbers and percentages of WBC subsets in CSF, which are essential for further investigation of the immunopathogenesis of neuro‐inflammatory diseases. Furthermore, the relative abundance of CD4+ T cells, mainly with a central memory phenotype, and the presence of dendritic cells in CSF suggests an active adaptive immune response under normal conditions in the central nervous system (CNS). © 2010 International Clinical Cytometry Society</description><identifier>ISSN: 1552-4949</identifier><identifier>ISSN: 1552-4957</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1552-4957</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1002/cyto.b.20542</identifier><identifier>PMID: 20632412</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Hoboken: Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company</publisher><subject>Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Anesthesia ; Antigens, Differentiation, T-Lymphocyte - blood ; Antigens, Differentiation, T-Lymphocyte - cerebrospinal fluid ; B-Lymphocytes - cytology ; CD4 antigen ; CD4 Antigens - blood ; CD4 Antigens - cerebrospinal fluid ; CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes - cytology ; CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes - metabolism ; CD8 antigen ; CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes - cytology ; CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes - metabolism ; Central nervous system ; Cerebrospinal fluid ; Cerebrospinal Fluid - cytology ; Dendritic cells ; Dendritic Cells - cytology ; Dendritic Cells - metabolism ; Female ; Flow Cytometry ; Humans ; Immunological memory ; Immunopathogenesis ; Immunophenotyping ; Killer Cells, Natural - cytology ; Killer Cells, Natural - metabolism ; Leukocytes (granulocytic) ; Lymphocyte Count ; lymphocytes ; Lymphocytes B ; Lymphocytes T ; Male ; Memory cells ; Middle Aged ; Monocytes ; Myeloid Cells - cytology ; Myeloid Cells - metabolism ; Natural killer cells ; Natural Killer T-Cells - cytology ; Natural Killer T-Cells - metabolism ; Neurological diseases ; Phenotyping ; Reference Values ; Surgery ; T-Lymphocyte Subsets - cytology ; T-Lymphocyte Subsets - metabolism ; Young Adult</subject><ispartof>Cytometry. Part B, Clinical cytometry, 2011-01, Vol.80B (1), p.43-50</ispartof><rights>Copyright © 2010 International Clinical Cytometry Society</rights><rights>Copyright © 2010 International Clinical Cytometry Society.</rights><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c4052-886ce297956b88781f97d45ac8abd6cd21caec4c151442d08d9b3aa40d87100f3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c4052-886ce297956b88781f97d45ac8abd6cd21caec4c151442d08d9b3aa40d87100f3</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002%2Fcyto.b.20542$$EPDF$$P50$$Gwiley$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002%2Fcyto.b.20542$$EHTML$$P50$$Gwiley$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,776,780,1411,1427,27901,27902,45550,45551,46384,46808</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20632412$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>de Graaf, Marieke T.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Smitt, Peter A. E. Sillevis</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Luitwieler, Ronald L.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>van Velzen, Chris</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>van den Broek, Patricia D. M.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kraan, Jaco</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Gratama, Jan W.</creatorcontrib><title>Central memory CD4+ T cells dominate the normal cerebrospinal fluid</title><title>Cytometry. Part B, Clinical cytometry</title><addtitle>Cytometry B Clin Cytom</addtitle><description>Background:
To use cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) immune phenotyping as a diagnostic and research tool, we have set out to establish reference values of white blood cell (WBC) subsets in CSF.
Methods:
We assessed the absolute numbers and percentages of WBC subsets by 6‐color flow cytometry in paired CSF and blood samples of 84 individuals without neurological disease who underwent spinal anaesthesia for surgery. Leukocyte (i.e., lymphocytes, granulocytes, and monocytes), lymphocyte (i.e., T [CD4+ and CD8+], NK, NKT and B cells), T cell (i.e., naïve, central memory, effector memory, and regulatory) and dendritic cell subsets (i.e., myeloid and plasmacytoid) were studied.
Results:
CSF showed a predominance of T cells, while granulocytes, B and NK cells were relatively rare compared to blood. The majority of T cells in CSF consisted of CD4+ T cells (∼70%), most of them (∼90%) with a central memory phenotype, while B cells were almost absent (<1%). Among the small population of dendritic cells in CSF, those of the myeloid subtype were more frequent than plasmacytoid dendritic cells (medians: 1.7% and 0.4% of leukocytes, respectively), whilst both subsets made up 0.2% of leukocytes in blood.
Conclusions:
This study reports reference values of absolute numbers and percentages of WBC subsets in CSF, which are essential for further investigation of the immunopathogenesis of neuro‐inflammatory diseases. Furthermore, the relative abundance of CD4+ T cells, mainly with a central memory phenotype, and the presence of dendritic cells in CSF suggests an active adaptive immune response under normal conditions in the central nervous system (CNS). © 2010 International Clinical Cytometry Society</description><subject>Adolescent</subject><subject>Adult</subject><subject>Aged</subject><subject>Aged, 80 and over</subject><subject>Anesthesia</subject><subject>Antigens, Differentiation, T-Lymphocyte - blood</subject><subject>Antigens, Differentiation, T-Lymphocyte - cerebrospinal fluid</subject><subject>B-Lymphocytes - cytology</subject><subject>CD4 antigen</subject><subject>CD4 Antigens - blood</subject><subject>CD4 Antigens - cerebrospinal fluid</subject><subject>CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes - cytology</subject><subject>CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes - metabolism</subject><subject>CD8 antigen</subject><subject>CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes - cytology</subject><subject>CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes - metabolism</subject><subject>Central nervous system</subject><subject>Cerebrospinal fluid</subject><subject>Cerebrospinal Fluid - cytology</subject><subject>Dendritic cells</subject><subject>Dendritic Cells - cytology</subject><subject>Dendritic Cells - metabolism</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>Flow Cytometry</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Immunological memory</subject><subject>Immunopathogenesis</subject><subject>Immunophenotyping</subject><subject>Killer Cells, Natural - cytology</subject><subject>Killer Cells, Natural - metabolism</subject><subject>Leukocytes (granulocytic)</subject><subject>Lymphocyte Count</subject><subject>lymphocytes</subject><subject>Lymphocytes B</subject><subject>Lymphocytes T</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>Memory cells</subject><subject>Middle Aged</subject><subject>Monocytes</subject><subject>Myeloid Cells - cytology</subject><subject>Myeloid Cells - metabolism</subject><subject>Natural killer cells</subject><subject>Natural Killer T-Cells - cytology</subject><subject>Natural Killer T-Cells - metabolism</subject><subject>Neurological diseases</subject><subject>Phenotyping</subject><subject>Reference Values</subject><subject>Surgery</subject><subject>T-Lymphocyte Subsets - cytology</subject><subject>T-Lymphocyte Subsets - metabolism</subject><subject>Young Adult</subject><issn>1552-4949</issn><issn>1552-4957</issn><issn>1552-4957</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2011</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><recordid>eNp90M1PwyAYBnBiNG5Ob54NN010Eyi0cDT1M1myyzx4IhRorCnthDam_73Mzh134k345cn7PgBcYrTACJF7PXTtolgQxCg5AlPMGJlTwbLj_UzFBJyF8IVQwmianYIJQWlCKCZTkOe26byqobOu9QPMH-ktXENt6zpA07qqUZ2F3aeFTetddNp6W_g2bOJPDcu6r8w5OClVHezF7p2B9-endf46X65e3vKH5VxTFBfhPNWWiEywtOA847gUmaFMaa4Kk2pDsFZWU40ZppQYxI0oEqUoMjyLl5bJDFyPuRvffvc2dNJVYbupamzbB8kJppylXER5c1BiRBBPRMZIpHcj1fGo4G0pN75yyg8RyW3BcluwLORfwZFf7ZL7wlmzx_-NRpCM4Keq7XAwTOYf69UY-wt5w4Wq</recordid><startdate>201101</startdate><enddate>201101</enddate><creator>de Graaf, Marieke T.</creator><creator>Smitt, Peter A. E. Sillevis</creator><creator>Luitwieler, Ronald L.</creator><creator>van Velzen, Chris</creator><creator>van den Broek, Patricia D. M.</creator><creator>Kraan, Jaco</creator><creator>Gratama, Jan W.</creator><general>Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company</general><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7T5</scope><scope>H94</scope><scope>7X8</scope></search><sort><creationdate>201101</creationdate><title>Central memory CD4+ T cells dominate the normal cerebrospinal fluid</title><author>de Graaf, Marieke T. ; Smitt, Peter A. E. Sillevis ; Luitwieler, Ronald L. ; van Velzen, Chris ; van den Broek, Patricia D. M. ; Kraan, Jaco ; Gratama, Jan W.</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c4052-886ce297956b88781f97d45ac8abd6cd21caec4c151442d08d9b3aa40d87100f3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2011</creationdate><topic>Adolescent</topic><topic>Adult</topic><topic>Aged</topic><topic>Aged, 80 and over</topic><topic>Anesthesia</topic><topic>Antigens, Differentiation, T-Lymphocyte - blood</topic><topic>Antigens, Differentiation, T-Lymphocyte - cerebrospinal fluid</topic><topic>B-Lymphocytes - cytology</topic><topic>CD4 antigen</topic><topic>CD4 Antigens - blood</topic><topic>CD4 Antigens - cerebrospinal fluid</topic><topic>CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes - cytology</topic><topic>CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes - metabolism</topic><topic>CD8 antigen</topic><topic>CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes - cytology</topic><topic>CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes - metabolism</topic><topic>Central nervous system</topic><topic>Cerebrospinal fluid</topic><topic>Cerebrospinal Fluid - cytology</topic><topic>Dendritic cells</topic><topic>Dendritic Cells - cytology</topic><topic>Dendritic Cells - metabolism</topic><topic>Female</topic><topic>Flow Cytometry</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Immunological memory</topic><topic>Immunopathogenesis</topic><topic>Immunophenotyping</topic><topic>Killer Cells, Natural - cytology</topic><topic>Killer Cells, Natural - metabolism</topic><topic>Leukocytes (granulocytic)</topic><topic>Lymphocyte Count</topic><topic>lymphocytes</topic><topic>Lymphocytes B</topic><topic>Lymphocytes T</topic><topic>Male</topic><topic>Memory cells</topic><topic>Middle Aged</topic><topic>Monocytes</topic><topic>Myeloid Cells - cytology</topic><topic>Myeloid Cells - metabolism</topic><topic>Natural killer cells</topic><topic>Natural Killer T-Cells - cytology</topic><topic>Natural Killer T-Cells - metabolism</topic><topic>Neurological diseases</topic><topic>Phenotyping</topic><topic>Reference Values</topic><topic>Surgery</topic><topic>T-Lymphocyte Subsets - cytology</topic><topic>T-Lymphocyte Subsets - metabolism</topic><topic>Young Adult</topic><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>de Graaf, Marieke T.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Smitt, Peter A. E. Sillevis</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Luitwieler, Ronald L.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>van Velzen, Chris</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>van den Broek, Patricia D. M.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kraan, Jaco</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Gratama, Jan W.</creatorcontrib><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Immunology Abstracts</collection><collection>AIDS and Cancer Research Abstracts</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><jtitle>Cytometry. Part B, Clinical cytometry</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>de Graaf, Marieke T.</au><au>Smitt, Peter A. E. Sillevis</au><au>Luitwieler, Ronald L.</au><au>van Velzen, Chris</au><au>van den Broek, Patricia D. M.</au><au>Kraan, Jaco</au><au>Gratama, Jan W.</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Central memory CD4+ T cells dominate the normal cerebrospinal fluid</atitle><jtitle>Cytometry. Part B, Clinical cytometry</jtitle><addtitle>Cytometry B Clin Cytom</addtitle><date>2011-01</date><risdate>2011</risdate><volume>80B</volume><issue>1</issue><spage>43</spage><epage>50</epage><pages>43-50</pages><issn>1552-4949</issn><issn>1552-4957</issn><eissn>1552-4957</eissn><abstract>Background:
To use cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) immune phenotyping as a diagnostic and research tool, we have set out to establish reference values of white blood cell (WBC) subsets in CSF.
Methods:
We assessed the absolute numbers and percentages of WBC subsets by 6‐color flow cytometry in paired CSF and blood samples of 84 individuals without neurological disease who underwent spinal anaesthesia for surgery. Leukocyte (i.e., lymphocytes, granulocytes, and monocytes), lymphocyte (i.e., T [CD4+ and CD8+], NK, NKT and B cells), T cell (i.e., naïve, central memory, effector memory, and regulatory) and dendritic cell subsets (i.e., myeloid and plasmacytoid) were studied.
Results:
CSF showed a predominance of T cells, while granulocytes, B and NK cells were relatively rare compared to blood. The majority of T cells in CSF consisted of CD4+ T cells (∼70%), most of them (∼90%) with a central memory phenotype, while B cells were almost absent (<1%). Among the small population of dendritic cells in CSF, those of the myeloid subtype were more frequent than plasmacytoid dendritic cells (medians: 1.7% and 0.4% of leukocytes, respectively), whilst both subsets made up 0.2% of leukocytes in blood.
Conclusions:
This study reports reference values of absolute numbers and percentages of WBC subsets in CSF, which are essential for further investigation of the immunopathogenesis of neuro‐inflammatory diseases. Furthermore, the relative abundance of CD4+ T cells, mainly with a central memory phenotype, and the presence of dendritic cells in CSF suggests an active adaptive immune response under normal conditions in the central nervous system (CNS). © 2010 International Clinical Cytometry Society</abstract><cop>Hoboken</cop><pub>Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company</pub><pmid>20632412</pmid><doi>10.1002/cyto.b.20542</doi><tpages>8</tpages><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| subjects | Adolescent Adult Aged Aged, 80 and over Anesthesia Antigens, Differentiation, T-Lymphocyte - blood Antigens, Differentiation, T-Lymphocyte - cerebrospinal fluid B-Lymphocytes - cytology CD4 antigen CD4 Antigens - blood CD4 Antigens - cerebrospinal fluid CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes - cytology CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes - metabolism CD8 antigen CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes - cytology CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes - metabolism Central nervous system Cerebrospinal fluid Cerebrospinal Fluid - cytology Dendritic cells Dendritic Cells - cytology Dendritic Cells - metabolism Female Flow Cytometry Humans Immunological memory Immunopathogenesis Immunophenotyping Killer Cells, Natural - cytology Killer Cells, Natural - metabolism Leukocytes (granulocytic) Lymphocyte Count lymphocytes Lymphocytes B Lymphocytes T Male Memory cells Middle Aged Monocytes Myeloid Cells - cytology Myeloid Cells - metabolism Natural killer cells Natural Killer T-Cells - cytology Natural Killer T-Cells - metabolism Neurological diseases Phenotyping Reference Values Surgery T-Lymphocyte Subsets - cytology T-Lymphocyte Subsets - metabolism Young Adult |
| title | Central memory CD4+ T cells dominate the normal cerebrospinal fluid |
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