A Western Diet Increases Serotonin Availability in Rat Small Intestine
Diet-induced obesity is associated with changes in gastrointestinal function and induction of a mild inflammatory state. Serotonin (5-HT) containing enterochromaffin (EC) cells within the intestine respond to nutrients and are altered by inflammation. Thus, our aim was to characterize the uptake and...
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| creator | Bertrand, R. L Senadheera, S Markus, I Liu, L Howitt, L Chen, H Murphy, T. V Sandow, S. L Bertrand, P. P |
| description | Diet-induced obesity is associated with changes in gastrointestinal function and induction of a mild inflammatory state. Serotonin (5-HT) containing enterochromaffin (EC) cells within the intestine respond to nutrients and are altered by inflammation. Thus, our aim was to characterize the uptake and release of 5-HT from EC cells of the rat ileum in a physiologically relevant model of diet-induced obesity. In chow-fed (CF) and Western diet–fed (WD) rats electrochemical methods were used to measure compression evoked (peak) and steady state (SS) 5-HT levels with fluoxetine used to block the serotonin reuptake transporter (SERT). The levels of mRNA for tryptophan hydroxylase 1 (TPH1) and SERT were determined by quantitative PCR, while EC cell numbers were determined immunohistochemically. In WD rats, the levels of 5-HT were significantly increased (SS: 19.2±3.7 μm; peak: 73.5±14.1 μm) compared with CF rats (SS: 12.3±1.8 μm; peak: 32.2±7.2 μm), while SERT-dependent uptake of 5-HT was reduced (peak WD: 108% of control versus peak CF: 212% control). In WD rats, there was a significant increase in TPH1 mRNA, a decrease in SERT mRNA and protein, and an increase in EC cells. In conclusion, our data show that foods typical of a Western diet are associated with an increased 5-HT availability in the rat ileum. Increased 5-HT availability is driven by the up-regulation of 5-HT synthesis genes, decreased re-uptake of 5-HT, and increased numbers and/or 5-HT content of EC cells which are likely to cause altered intestinal motility and sensation in vivo.
A Western diet is associated with increased 5-hydroxytryptamine availability in the rat ileum, which may lead to altered intestinal motility or sensation. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1210/en.2010-0377 |
| format | Article |
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A Western diet is associated with increased 5-hydroxytryptamine availability in the rat ileum, which may lead to altered intestinal motility or sensation.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0013-7227</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1945-7170</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1210/en.2010-0377</identifier><identifier>PMID: 21068163</identifier><identifier>CODEN: ENDOAO</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Chevy Chase, MD: Endocrine Society</publisher><subject>Animals ; Availability ; Biological and medical sciences ; Blood Glucose ; Diet ; Disease Models, Animal ; Electrochemistry ; Electrochemistry - methods ; Fluoxetine ; Food availability ; Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology ; Gene Expression Regulation ; Gene regulation ; Ileum ; Ileum - metabolism ; Intestinal motility ; Intestine ; Male ; mRNA ; Nutrients ; Obesity ; Obesity - metabolism ; Random Allocation ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; RNA, Messenger - genetics ; RNA, Messenger - metabolism ; RNA-Binding Proteins - genetics ; RNA-Binding Proteins - metabolism ; Serotonin ; Serotonin - metabolism ; Serotonin transporter ; Small intestine ; Tryptophan ; Tryptophan hydroxylase ; Tryptophan Hydroxylase - genetics ; Tryptophan Hydroxylase - metabolism ; Vertebrates: endocrinology</subject><ispartof>Endocrinology (Philadelphia), 2011-01, Vol.152 (1), p.36-47</ispartof><rights>Copyright © 2011 by The Endocrine Society 2011</rights><rights>2015 INIST-CNRS</rights><rights>Copyright © 2011 by The Endocrine Society</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c528t-9ec5e7729f21d2ab69a5c818e05dcca6dac5c114eaaeb817b71db689f509cc23</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c528t-9ec5e7729f21d2ab69a5c818e05dcca6dac5c114eaaeb817b71db689f509cc23</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><link.rule.ids>314,776,780,4010,27900,27901,27902</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttp://pascal-francis.inist.fr/vibad/index.php?action=getRecordDetail&idt=23716053$$DView record in Pascal Francis$$Hfree_for_read</backlink><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21068163$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Bertrand, R. L</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Senadheera, S</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Markus, I</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Liu, L</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Howitt, L</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Chen, H</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Murphy, T. V</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Sandow, S. L</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Bertrand, P. P</creatorcontrib><title>A Western Diet Increases Serotonin Availability in Rat Small Intestine</title><title>Endocrinology (Philadelphia)</title><addtitle>Endocrinology</addtitle><description>Diet-induced obesity is associated with changes in gastrointestinal function and induction of a mild inflammatory state. Serotonin (5-HT) containing enterochromaffin (EC) cells within the intestine respond to nutrients and are altered by inflammation. Thus, our aim was to characterize the uptake and release of 5-HT from EC cells of the rat ileum in a physiologically relevant model of diet-induced obesity. In chow-fed (CF) and Western diet–fed (WD) rats electrochemical methods were used to measure compression evoked (peak) and steady state (SS) 5-HT levels with fluoxetine used to block the serotonin reuptake transporter (SERT). The levels of mRNA for tryptophan hydroxylase 1 (TPH1) and SERT were determined by quantitative PCR, while EC cell numbers were determined immunohistochemically. In WD rats, the levels of 5-HT were significantly increased (SS: 19.2±3.7 μm; peak: 73.5±14.1 μm) compared with CF rats (SS: 12.3±1.8 μm; peak: 32.2±7.2 μm), while SERT-dependent uptake of 5-HT was reduced (peak WD: 108% of control versus peak CF: 212% control). In WD rats, there was a significant increase in TPH1 mRNA, a decrease in SERT mRNA and protein, and an increase in EC cells. In conclusion, our data show that foods typical of a Western diet are associated with an increased 5-HT availability in the rat ileum. Increased 5-HT availability is driven by the up-regulation of 5-HT synthesis genes, decreased re-uptake of 5-HT, and increased numbers and/or 5-HT content of EC cells which are likely to cause altered intestinal motility and sensation in vivo.
A Western diet is associated with increased 5-hydroxytryptamine availability in the rat ileum, which may lead to altered intestinal motility or sensation.</description><subject>Animals</subject><subject>Availability</subject><subject>Biological and medical sciences</subject><subject>Blood Glucose</subject><subject>Diet</subject><subject>Disease Models, Animal</subject><subject>Electrochemistry</subject><subject>Electrochemistry - methods</subject><subject>Fluoxetine</subject><subject>Food availability</subject><subject>Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology</subject><subject>Gene Expression Regulation</subject><subject>Gene regulation</subject><subject>Ileum</subject><subject>Ileum - metabolism</subject><subject>Intestinal motility</subject><subject>Intestine</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>mRNA</subject><subject>Nutrients</subject><subject>Obesity</subject><subject>Obesity - metabolism</subject><subject>Random Allocation</subject><subject>Rats</subject><subject>Rats, Sprague-Dawley</subject><subject>RNA, Messenger - genetics</subject><subject>RNA, Messenger - metabolism</subject><subject>RNA-Binding Proteins - genetics</subject><subject>RNA-Binding Proteins - metabolism</subject><subject>Serotonin</subject><subject>Serotonin - metabolism</subject><subject>Serotonin transporter</subject><subject>Small intestine</subject><subject>Tryptophan</subject><subject>Tryptophan hydroxylase</subject><subject>Tryptophan Hydroxylase - genetics</subject><subject>Tryptophan Hydroxylase - metabolism</subject><subject>Vertebrates: endocrinology</subject><issn>0013-7227</issn><issn>1945-7170</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2011</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><recordid>eNp1kEFr3DAQhUVpaTab3nouhhJyiVONZFnycUmbNBAoNIEexVgeg4JX3kp2IP8-WnaThZKehoHvzZv3GPsM_AIE8G8ULgQHXnKp9Tu2gKZSpQbN37MF5yBLLYQ-YscpPeS1qir5kR1lXW2glgt2tSr-UJoohuK7p6m4CS4SJkrFHcVxGoMPxeoR_YCtH_z0VOT9N07F3RqHIdNTFvtAJ-xDj0OiT_u5ZPdXP-4vf5a3v65vLle3pVPCTGVDTpHWoukFdALbukHlDBjiqnMO6w6dcgAVIVJrQLcaurY2Ta9445yQS3a2O7uJ4985W9u1T46GAQONc7JGADRG55BL9vUf8mGcY8i_WQmS12AaVWfqfEe5OKYUqbeb6NcYnyxwu23XUrDbdu223Yx_2R-d2zV1r_BLnRk43QOYHA59xOB8OnBSQ82VPOQY583_LMu9pdyRFLrRxVz1JlJKhzRvPvoMakid1A</recordid><startdate>201101</startdate><enddate>201101</enddate><creator>Bertrand, R. 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L</au><au>Senadheera, S</au><au>Markus, I</au><au>Liu, L</au><au>Howitt, L</au><au>Chen, H</au><au>Murphy, T. V</au><au>Sandow, S. L</au><au>Bertrand, P. P</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>A Western Diet Increases Serotonin Availability in Rat Small Intestine</atitle><jtitle>Endocrinology (Philadelphia)</jtitle><addtitle>Endocrinology</addtitle><date>2011-01</date><risdate>2011</risdate><volume>152</volume><issue>1</issue><spage>36</spage><epage>47</epage><pages>36-47</pages><issn>0013-7227</issn><eissn>1945-7170</eissn><coden>ENDOAO</coden><abstract>Diet-induced obesity is associated with changes in gastrointestinal function and induction of a mild inflammatory state. Serotonin (5-HT) containing enterochromaffin (EC) cells within the intestine respond to nutrients and are altered by inflammation. Thus, our aim was to characterize the uptake and release of 5-HT from EC cells of the rat ileum in a physiologically relevant model of diet-induced obesity. In chow-fed (CF) and Western diet–fed (WD) rats electrochemical methods were used to measure compression evoked (peak) and steady state (SS) 5-HT levels with fluoxetine used to block the serotonin reuptake transporter (SERT). The levels of mRNA for tryptophan hydroxylase 1 (TPH1) and SERT were determined by quantitative PCR, while EC cell numbers were determined immunohistochemically. In WD rats, the levels of 5-HT were significantly increased (SS: 19.2±3.7 μm; peak: 73.5±14.1 μm) compared with CF rats (SS: 12.3±1.8 μm; peak: 32.2±7.2 μm), while SERT-dependent uptake of 5-HT was reduced (peak WD: 108% of control versus peak CF: 212% control). In WD rats, there was a significant increase in TPH1 mRNA, a decrease in SERT mRNA and protein, and an increase in EC cells. In conclusion, our data show that foods typical of a Western diet are associated with an increased 5-HT availability in the rat ileum. Increased 5-HT availability is driven by the up-regulation of 5-HT synthesis genes, decreased re-uptake of 5-HT, and increased numbers and/or 5-HT content of EC cells which are likely to cause altered intestinal motility and sensation in vivo.
A Western diet is associated with increased 5-hydroxytryptamine availability in the rat ileum, which may lead to altered intestinal motility or sensation.</abstract><cop>Chevy Chase, MD</cop><pub>Endocrine Society</pub><pmid>21068163</pmid><doi>10.1210/en.2010-0377</doi><tpages>12</tpages><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| source | Oxford University Press Journals All Titles (1996-Current); MEDLINE; Elektronische Zeitschriftenbibliothek - Frei zugängliche E-Journals; Alma/SFX Local Collection |
| subjects | Animals Availability Biological and medical sciences Blood Glucose Diet Disease Models, Animal Electrochemistry Electrochemistry - methods Fluoxetine Food availability Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology Gene Expression Regulation Gene regulation Ileum Ileum - metabolism Intestinal motility Intestine Male mRNA Nutrients Obesity Obesity - metabolism Random Allocation Rats Rats, Sprague-Dawley RNA, Messenger - genetics RNA, Messenger - metabolism RNA-Binding Proteins - genetics RNA-Binding Proteins - metabolism Serotonin Serotonin - metabolism Serotonin transporter Small intestine Tryptophan Tryptophan hydroxylase Tryptophan Hydroxylase - genetics Tryptophan Hydroxylase - metabolism Vertebrates: endocrinology |
| title | A Western Diet Increases Serotonin Availability in Rat Small Intestine |
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