Hemorrhagic Complications After Whipple Surgery: Imaging and Radiologic Intervention

The aim of this pictorial essay is to illustrate the radiologic patterns, sites of bleeding, and vascular interventional techniques used in the management of postpancreatectomy hemorrhage. Hemorrhagic complications occur in fewer than 10% of patients after Whipple pancreatoduodenectomy but account for as many as 38% of deaths. Bleeding typically occurs from the stump of the gastroduodenal artery, but other sites of bleeding are increasingly recognized.