Use of Logarithms to the Base 2 in recording Serological Reactions

The expression of dilution titres for serological reactions frequently requires the use of large numbers. In cases where the antibody content of an immune serum is high, the conventional means of recording the titre may be misleading ; that is, the difference between a titre of 1 : 10,240 and 1 : 20...

Ausführliche Beschreibung

Gespeichert in:
Bibliographische Detailangaben
Veröffentlicht in:Nature (London) 1957-12, Vol.180 (4598), p.1363-1363
Hauptverfasser: VENNES, JOHN W., MACDONALD, RUSSELL E., GERHARDT, PHILIPP
Format: Artikel
Sprache:eng
Schlagworte:
Online-Zugang:Volltext
Tags: Tag hinzufügen
Keine Tags, Fügen Sie den ersten Tag hinzu!
container_end_page 1363
container_issue 4598
container_start_page 1363
container_title Nature (London)
container_volume 180
creator VENNES, JOHN W.
MACDONALD, RUSSELL E.
GERHARDT, PHILIPP
description The expression of dilution titres for serological reactions frequently requires the use of large numbers. In cases where the antibody content of an immune serum is high, the conventional means of recording the titre may be misleading ; that is, the difference between a titre of 1 : 10,240 and 1 : 20,480 seemingly is greater than that between 1 : 40 and 1 : 80 but both represent only a single dilution step in the usual procedure and have the same degree of precision. Since serological procedures usually involve serial twofold dilutions, the resulting titres are exponential functions of 2. Consequently, we suggest the simple expedient of using logarithms to the base 2 (log 2 ) to express serological titration data.
doi_str_mv 10.1038/1801363a0
format Article
fullrecord <record><control><sourceid>proquest_cross</sourceid><recordid>TN_cdi_proquest_miscellaneous_82048029</recordid><sourceformat>XML</sourceformat><sourcesystem>PC</sourcesystem><sourcerecordid>82048029</sourcerecordid><originalsourceid>FETCH-LOGICAL-c353t-b1da1c6c2c563fb00d306e61890753e9609574c2a4b170c22869adbfaf9571543</originalsourceid><addsrcrecordid>eNptkEtLw0AUhQdRbK0u_AMyK0EheueZydIWX1AQ1K7DZDJJU5JMnUkW_vuOtOjG1YVzPj64B6FLAncEmLonCgiTTMMRmhKeyoRLlR6jKQBVCSgmJ-gshA0ACJLyUzQhjGdMUDFF81Ww2FV46Wrtm2HdBTw4PKwtnuvYUNz02FvjfNn0Nf6w3rWuboxu8bvVZmhcH87RSaXbYC8Od4ZWT4-fi5dk-fb8unhYJoYJNiQFKTUx0lAjJKsKgJKBtJKoDFLBbCYhEyk3VPOCpGAoVTLTZVHpKuZEcDZD13vv1ruv0YYh75pgbNvq3rox5IoCV0CzCN7sQeNdCN5W-dY3nfbfOYH8Z7D8d7DIXh2kY9HZ8o88LBSB2z0QYtXX1ucbN_o-PvqPbQc863Cd</addsrcrecordid><sourcetype>Aggregation Database</sourcetype><iscdi>true</iscdi><recordtype>article</recordtype><pqid>82048029</pqid></control><display><type>article</type><title>Use of Logarithms to the Base 2 in recording Serological Reactions</title><source>MEDLINE</source><source>Springer Nature - Complete Springer Journals</source><source>Nature Journals Online</source><creator>VENNES, JOHN W. ; MACDONALD, RUSSELL E. ; GERHARDT, PHILIPP</creator><creatorcontrib>VENNES, JOHN W. ; MACDONALD, RUSSELL E. ; GERHARDT, PHILIPP</creatorcontrib><description>The expression of dilution titres for serological reactions frequently requires the use of large numbers. In cases where the antibody content of an immune serum is high, the conventional means of recording the titre may be misleading ; that is, the difference between a titre of 1 : 10,240 and 1 : 20,480 seemingly is greater than that between 1 : 40 and 1 : 80 but both represent only a single dilution step in the usual procedure and have the same degree of precision. Since serological procedures usually involve serial twofold dilutions, the resulting titres are exponential functions of 2. Consequently, we suggest the simple expedient of using logarithms to the base 2 (log 2 ) to express serological titration data.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0028-0836</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1476-4687</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1038/1801363a0</identifier><identifier>PMID: 13493525</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>London: Nature Publishing Group UK</publisher><subject>Humanities and Social Sciences ; Humans ; letter ; multidisciplinary ; Old Medline ; Science ; Science (multidisciplinary) ; Serology</subject><ispartof>Nature (London), 1957-12, Vol.180 (4598), p.1363-1363</ispartof><rights>Springer Nature Limited 1957</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c353t-b1da1c6c2c563fb00d306e61890753e9609574c2a4b170c22869adbfaf9571543</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c353t-b1da1c6c2c563fb00d306e61890753e9609574c2a4b170c22869adbfaf9571543</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1038/1801363a0$$EPDF$$P50$$Gspringer$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://link.springer.com/10.1038/1801363a0$$EHTML$$P50$$Gspringer$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,777,781,27905,27906,41469,42538,51300</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/13493525$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>VENNES, JOHN W.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>MACDONALD, RUSSELL E.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>GERHARDT, PHILIPP</creatorcontrib><title>Use of Logarithms to the Base 2 in recording Serological Reactions</title><title>Nature (London)</title><addtitle>Nature</addtitle><addtitle>Nature</addtitle><description>The expression of dilution titres for serological reactions frequently requires the use of large numbers. In cases where the antibody content of an immune serum is high, the conventional means of recording the titre may be misleading ; that is, the difference between a titre of 1 : 10,240 and 1 : 20,480 seemingly is greater than that between 1 : 40 and 1 : 80 but both represent only a single dilution step in the usual procedure and have the same degree of precision. Since serological procedures usually involve serial twofold dilutions, the resulting titres are exponential functions of 2. Consequently, we suggest the simple expedient of using logarithms to the base 2 (log 2 ) to express serological titration data.</description><subject>Humanities and Social Sciences</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>letter</subject><subject>multidisciplinary</subject><subject>Old Medline</subject><subject>Science</subject><subject>Science (multidisciplinary)</subject><subject>Serology</subject><issn>0028-0836</issn><issn>1476-4687</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>1957</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><recordid>eNptkEtLw0AUhQdRbK0u_AMyK0EheueZydIWX1AQ1K7DZDJJU5JMnUkW_vuOtOjG1YVzPj64B6FLAncEmLonCgiTTMMRmhKeyoRLlR6jKQBVCSgmJ-gshA0ACJLyUzQhjGdMUDFF81Ww2FV46Wrtm2HdBTw4PKwtnuvYUNz02FvjfNn0Nf6w3rWuboxu8bvVZmhcH87RSaXbYC8Od4ZWT4-fi5dk-fb8unhYJoYJNiQFKTUx0lAjJKsKgJKBtJKoDFLBbCYhEyk3VPOCpGAoVTLTZVHpKuZEcDZD13vv1ruv0YYh75pgbNvq3rox5IoCV0CzCN7sQeNdCN5W-dY3nfbfOYH8Z7D8d7DIXh2kY9HZ8o88LBSB2z0QYtXX1ucbN_o-PvqPbQc863Cd</recordid><startdate>19571214</startdate><enddate>19571214</enddate><creator>VENNES, JOHN W.</creator><creator>MACDONALD, RUSSELL E.</creator><creator>GERHARDT, PHILIPP</creator><general>Nature Publishing Group UK</general><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7X8</scope></search><sort><creationdate>19571214</creationdate><title>Use of Logarithms to the Base 2 in recording Serological Reactions</title><author>VENNES, JOHN W. ; MACDONALD, RUSSELL E. ; GERHARDT, PHILIPP</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c353t-b1da1c6c2c563fb00d306e61890753e9609574c2a4b170c22869adbfaf9571543</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>1957</creationdate><topic>Humanities and Social Sciences</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>letter</topic><topic>multidisciplinary</topic><topic>Old Medline</topic><topic>Science</topic><topic>Science (multidisciplinary)</topic><topic>Serology</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>VENNES, JOHN W.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>MACDONALD, RUSSELL E.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>GERHARDT, PHILIPP</creatorcontrib><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><jtitle>Nature (London)</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>VENNES, JOHN W.</au><au>MACDONALD, RUSSELL E.</au><au>GERHARDT, PHILIPP</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Use of Logarithms to the Base 2 in recording Serological Reactions</atitle><jtitle>Nature (London)</jtitle><stitle>Nature</stitle><addtitle>Nature</addtitle><date>1957-12-14</date><risdate>1957</risdate><volume>180</volume><issue>4598</issue><spage>1363</spage><epage>1363</epage><pages>1363-1363</pages><issn>0028-0836</issn><eissn>1476-4687</eissn><abstract>The expression of dilution titres for serological reactions frequently requires the use of large numbers. In cases where the antibody content of an immune serum is high, the conventional means of recording the titre may be misleading ; that is, the difference between a titre of 1 : 10,240 and 1 : 20,480 seemingly is greater than that between 1 : 40 and 1 : 80 but both represent only a single dilution step in the usual procedure and have the same degree of precision. Since serological procedures usually involve serial twofold dilutions, the resulting titres are exponential functions of 2. Consequently, we suggest the simple expedient of using logarithms to the base 2 (log 2 ) to express serological titration data.</abstract><cop>London</cop><pub>Nature Publishing Group UK</pub><pmid>13493525</pmid><doi>10.1038/1801363a0</doi><tpages>1</tpages><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record>
fulltext fulltext
identifier ISSN: 0028-0836
ispartof Nature (London), 1957-12, Vol.180 (4598), p.1363-1363
issn 0028-0836
1476-4687
language eng
recordid cdi_proquest_miscellaneous_82048029
source MEDLINE; Springer Nature - Complete Springer Journals; Nature Journals Online
subjects Humanities and Social Sciences
Humans
letter
multidisciplinary
Old Medline
Science
Science (multidisciplinary)
Serology
title Use of Logarithms to the Base 2 in recording Serological Reactions
url https://sfx.bib-bvb.de/sfx_tum?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&ctx_tim=2025-01-19T22%3A19%3A59IST&url_ver=Z39.88-2004&url_ctx_fmt=infofi/fmt:kev:mtx:ctx&rfr_id=info:sid/primo.exlibrisgroup.com:primo3-Article-proquest_cross&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Use%20of%20Logarithms%20to%20the%20Base%202%20in%20recording%20Serological%20Reactions&rft.jtitle=Nature%20(London)&rft.au=VENNES,%20JOHN%20W.&rft.date=1957-12-14&rft.volume=180&rft.issue=4598&rft.spage=1363&rft.epage=1363&rft.pages=1363-1363&rft.issn=0028-0836&rft.eissn=1476-4687&rft_id=info:doi/10.1038/1801363a0&rft_dat=%3Cproquest_cross%3E82048029%3C/proquest_cross%3E%3Curl%3E%3C/url%3E&disable_directlink=true&sfx.directlink=off&sfx.report_link=0&rft_id=info:oai/&rft_pqid=82048029&rft_id=info:pmid/13493525&rfr_iscdi=true