An Improved Global Model for Air-Sea Exchange of Mercury: High Concentrations over the North Atlantic
We develop an improved treatment of the surface ocean in the GEOS-Chem global 3-D biogeochemical model for mercury (Hg). We replace the globally uniform subsurface ocean Hg concentrations used in the original model with basin-specific values based on measurements. Updated chemical mechanisms for Hg0...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Environmental science & technology 2010-11, Vol.44 (22), p.8574-8580 |
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| container_title | Environmental science & technology |
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| creator | Soerensen, Anne L Sunderland, Elsie M Holmes, Christopher D Jacob, Daniel J Yantosca, Robert M Skov, Henrik Christensen, Jesper H Strode, Sarah A Mason, Robert P |
| description | We develop an improved treatment of the surface ocean in the GEOS-Chem global 3-D biogeochemical model for mercury (Hg). We replace the globally uniform subsurface ocean Hg concentrations used in the original model with basin-specific values based on measurements. Updated chemical mechanisms for Hg0/HgII redox reactions in the surface ocean include both photochemical and biological processes, and we improved the parametrization of particle-associated Hg scavenging. Modeled aqueous Hg concentrations are consistent with limited surface water observations. Results more accurately reproduce high-observed MBL concentrations over the North Atlantic (NA) and the associated seasonal trends. High seasonal evasion in the NA is driven by inputs from Hg enriched subsurface waters through entrainment and Ekman pumping. Globally, subsurface waters account for 40% of Hg inputs to the ocean mixed layer, and 60% is from atmospheric deposition. Although globally the ocean is a net sink for 3.8 Mmol Hg y−1, the NA is a net source to the atmosphere, potentially due to enrichment of subsurface waters with legacy Hg from historical anthropogenic sources. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1021/es102032g |
| format | Article |
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We replace the globally uniform subsurface ocean Hg concentrations used in the original model with basin-specific values based on measurements. Updated chemical mechanisms for Hg0/HgII redox reactions in the surface ocean include both photochemical and biological processes, and we improved the parametrization of particle-associated Hg scavenging. Modeled aqueous Hg concentrations are consistent with limited surface water observations. Results more accurately reproduce high-observed MBL concentrations over the North Atlantic (NA) and the associated seasonal trends. High seasonal evasion in the NA is driven by inputs from Hg enriched subsurface waters through entrainment and Ekman pumping. Globally, subsurface waters account for 40% of Hg inputs to the ocean mixed layer, and 60% is from atmospheric deposition. 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Sci. Technol</addtitle><description>We develop an improved treatment of the surface ocean in the GEOS-Chem global 3-D biogeochemical model for mercury (Hg). We replace the globally uniform subsurface ocean Hg concentrations used in the original model with basin-specific values based on measurements. Updated chemical mechanisms for Hg0/HgII redox reactions in the surface ocean include both photochemical and biological processes, and we improved the parametrization of particle-associated Hg scavenging. Modeled aqueous Hg concentrations are consistent with limited surface water observations. Results more accurately reproduce high-observed MBL concentrations over the North Atlantic (NA) and the associated seasonal trends. High seasonal evasion in the NA is driven by inputs from Hg enriched subsurface waters through entrainment and Ekman pumping. Globally, subsurface waters account for 40% of Hg inputs to the ocean mixed layer, and 60% is from atmospheric deposition. Although globally the ocean is a net sink for 3.8 Mmol Hg y−1, the NA is a net source to the atmosphere, potentially due to enrichment of subsurface waters with legacy Hg from historical anthropogenic sources.</description><subject>Air Pollutants - analysis</subject><subject>Air Pollutants - chemistry</subject><subject>Applied sciences</subject><subject>Atlantic Ocean</subject><subject>Atmosphere - chemistry</subject><subject>Atmospheric chemistry</subject><subject>Biogeochemistry</subject><subject>Environmental Modeling</subject><subject>Environmental Monitoring - methods</subject><subject>Environmental science</subject><subject>Exact sciences and technology</subject><subject>Mercury</subject><subject>Mercury - analysis</subject><subject>Mercury - chemistry</subject><subject>Models, Chemical</subject><subject>Ocean-atmosphere interaction</subject><subject>Oceans</subject><subject>Pollution</subject><subject>Seawater - chemistry</subject><subject>Water Pollutants, Chemical - analysis</subject><subject>Water Pollutants, Chemical - chemistry</subject><issn>0013-936X</issn><issn>1520-5851</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2010</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><recordid>eNpl0MFu1DAQBmALgei2cOAFkIWEKg4pYztxHG6rVWkrtXAAJG7R2J7spsrGrZ1U7dtj1KUr0dNcPv8z_hl7J-BEgBSfKeUBSq5fsIWoJBSVqcRLtgAQqmiU_n3ADlO6BgCpwLxmBxKaWlWlXDBajvxiexPDHXl-NgSLA78KngbehciXfSx-EPLTe7fBcU08dPyKopvjwxd-3q83fBVGR-MUcerDmHiOiXzaEP8W4rThy2nAcerdG_aqwyHR2908Yr--nv5cnReX388uVsvLAkvQU4GiUx6lrgV4MhaNJq0aCSV0JXrbuMZ4I2RprdVkO9EIW3sNWjnZaI-lOmLHj7n5Q7czpand9snRkK-gMKc2PxbSyBKy_PCfvA5zHPNxGdW1qZqqzujTI3IxpBSpa29iv8X40Apo_zbfPjWf7ftd4Gy35J_kv6oz-LgDmBwOXcTR9WnvVKmVEWLv0KX9Uc8X_gFGQJWJ</recordid><startdate>20101115</startdate><enddate>20101115</enddate><creator>Soerensen, Anne L</creator><creator>Sunderland, Elsie M</creator><creator>Holmes, Christopher D</creator><creator>Jacob, Daniel J</creator><creator>Yantosca, Robert M</creator><creator>Skov, Henrik</creator><creator>Christensen, Jesper H</creator><creator>Strode, Sarah A</creator><creator>Mason, Robert P</creator><general>American Chemical Society</general><scope>IQODW</scope><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7QO</scope><scope>7ST</scope><scope>7T7</scope><scope>7U7</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>FR3</scope><scope>P64</scope><scope>SOI</scope><scope>7X8</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20101115</creationdate><title>An Improved Global Model for Air-Sea Exchange of Mercury: High Concentrations over the North Atlantic</title><author>Soerensen, Anne L ; Sunderland, Elsie M ; Holmes, Christopher D ; Jacob, Daniel J ; Yantosca, Robert M ; Skov, Henrik ; Christensen, Jesper H ; Strode, Sarah A ; Mason, Robert P</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-a406t-a1f3da26710de8ba86e6392040f4adb9c98d8124bbb6ebf191b7d6063c296da43</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2010</creationdate><topic>Air Pollutants - analysis</topic><topic>Air Pollutants - chemistry</topic><topic>Applied sciences</topic><topic>Atlantic Ocean</topic><topic>Atmosphere - chemistry</topic><topic>Atmospheric chemistry</topic><topic>Biogeochemistry</topic><topic>Environmental Modeling</topic><topic>Environmental Monitoring - methods</topic><topic>Environmental science</topic><topic>Exact sciences and technology</topic><topic>Mercury</topic><topic>Mercury - analysis</topic><topic>Mercury - chemistry</topic><topic>Models, Chemical</topic><topic>Ocean-atmosphere interaction</topic><topic>Oceans</topic><topic>Pollution</topic><topic>Seawater - chemistry</topic><topic>Water Pollutants, Chemical - analysis</topic><topic>Water Pollutants, Chemical - chemistry</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Soerensen, Anne L</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Sunderland, Elsie M</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Holmes, Christopher D</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Jacob, Daniel J</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Yantosca, Robert M</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Skov, Henrik</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Christensen, Jesper H</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Strode, Sarah A</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Mason, Robert P</creatorcontrib><collection>Pascal-Francis</collection><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Biotechnology Research Abstracts</collection><collection>Environment Abstracts</collection><collection>Industrial and Applied Microbiology Abstracts (Microbiology A)</collection><collection>Toxicology Abstracts</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management</collection><collection>Engineering Research Database</collection><collection>Biotechnology and BioEngineering Abstracts</collection><collection>Environment Abstracts</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><jtitle>Environmental science & technology</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Soerensen, Anne L</au><au>Sunderland, Elsie M</au><au>Holmes, Christopher D</au><au>Jacob, Daniel J</au><au>Yantosca, Robert M</au><au>Skov, Henrik</au><au>Christensen, Jesper H</au><au>Strode, Sarah A</au><au>Mason, Robert P</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>An Improved Global Model for Air-Sea Exchange of Mercury: High Concentrations over the North Atlantic</atitle><jtitle>Environmental science & technology</jtitle><addtitle>Environ. Sci. Technol</addtitle><date>2010-11-15</date><risdate>2010</risdate><volume>44</volume><issue>22</issue><spage>8574</spage><epage>8580</epage><pages>8574-8580</pages><issn>0013-936X</issn><eissn>1520-5851</eissn><coden>ESTHAG</coden><abstract>We develop an improved treatment of the surface ocean in the GEOS-Chem global 3-D biogeochemical model for mercury (Hg). We replace the globally uniform subsurface ocean Hg concentrations used in the original model with basin-specific values based on measurements. Updated chemical mechanisms for Hg0/HgII redox reactions in the surface ocean include both photochemical and biological processes, and we improved the parametrization of particle-associated Hg scavenging. Modeled aqueous Hg concentrations are consistent with limited surface water observations. Results more accurately reproduce high-observed MBL concentrations over the North Atlantic (NA) and the associated seasonal trends. 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| source | ACS Publications; MEDLINE |
| subjects | Air Pollutants - analysis Air Pollutants - chemistry Applied sciences Atlantic Ocean Atmosphere - chemistry Atmospheric chemistry Biogeochemistry Environmental Modeling Environmental Monitoring - methods Environmental science Exact sciences and technology Mercury Mercury - analysis Mercury - chemistry Models, Chemical Ocean-atmosphere interaction Oceans Pollution Seawater - chemistry Water Pollutants, Chemical - analysis Water Pollutants, Chemical - chemistry |
| title | An Improved Global Model for Air-Sea Exchange of Mercury: High Concentrations over the North Atlantic |
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