Quantification of body fat distribution in the abdomen using computed tomography

A computed tomographic method was used to assess the pattern of abdominal fat distribution in normal males and females at different abdominal levels. The method permitted site specific calculations of total body volume (TA), total fat volume (TF), subcutaneous fat volume (SF), and intraabdominal fat volume (IF) in each computed tomography scan. The ratio of TF/TA, SF/TF and IF/TF were calculated for the LI, L3, and L5 vertebral levels. Regression analysis of IF versus SF, SF versus TF, IF versus TF, TF versus TA, and TF versus body mass index and age were calculated. A significant linear correlation between the measured variables TA, SF, IF, and TF and between TF and body mass index was found for virtually all correlations attempted at all scanned levels. Females had a higher total fat volume and greater percentage of subcutaneous fat at all levels. Males accumulated more fat intraabdominally than subcutaneously at the L1 and L3 levels. The male-female differences were greatest at L1 and the ratio SF/IF statistically significant at the L1 and L5 levels. Our results demonstrate that computed tomography can noninvasively quantify abdominal fat distribution at various sites. There is an inherent difference in abdominal fat distribution between males and females that is not related to weight. The distribution of body fat in males and females varies markedly from level to level.