Do gastrointestinal tract infections in infancy increase blood pressure in childhood? A cohort study
BackgroundIt has been hypothesised that dehydration in infancy could permanently increase sodium retention, raising blood pressure in later life. In this study, the association between gastrointestinal tract infection in infancy, a clinically relevant exposure often accompanied by dehydration, and r...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Journal of epidemiology and community health (1979) 2010-12, Vol.64 (12), p.1068-1073 |
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| container_title | Journal of epidemiology and community health (1979) |
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| creator | Martin, R M Kramer, M S Dahhou, M Platt, R W Patel, R Bogdanovich, N Matush, L Davey Smith, G |
| description | BackgroundIt has been hypothesised that dehydration in infancy could permanently increase sodium retention, raising blood pressure in later life. In this study, the association between gastrointestinal tract infection in infancy, a clinically relevant exposure often accompanied by dehydration, and raised blood pressure in childhood was investigated.MethodsData from a cohort study nested within a cluster-randomised trial of breastfeeding promotion in the Republic of Belarus were analysed. 17 046 healthy breastfed infants were enrolled from 31 maternity hospitals. 13 889 (81.5%) children were followed-up at 6.5 years. Exposure measures were any gastrointestinal infection in infancy (to 1 year) and hospitalisations for gastrointestinal infection in infancy and in childhood (1–6.5 years). The outcomes were systolic and diastolic blood pressure at age 6.5 years.ResultsThe prevalence of any gastrointestinal infection in infancy, and of hospitalisation for gastrointestinal infection in infancy or childhood, was 11.4%, 3.2% and 6.0%, respectively. No associations were observed between systolic blood pressure and any gastrointestinal infection (mean difference in those with minus those without infection −0.04 mm Hg; 95% CI −0.52 to 0.43) or hospitalisation for gastrointestinal infection (difference=−0.22 mm Hg; −1.07 to 0.64) in infancy. Nor were associations observed between diastolic blood pressure and any gastrointestinal infection during infancy or hospitalisation for gastrointestinal infection during infancy or childhood.ConclusionNo evidence was found to prove that hospitalisation for gastrointestinal infection in infancy or childhood leads to raised blood pressure at age 6.5 years in a developed country setting. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1136/jech.2009.090894 |
| format | Article |
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A cohort study</title><source>Jstor Complete Legacy</source><source>MEDLINE</source><source>BMJ Journals - NESLi2</source><creator>Martin, R M ; Kramer, M S ; Dahhou, M ; Platt, R W ; Patel, R ; Bogdanovich, N ; Matush, L ; Davey Smith, G</creator><creatorcontrib>Martin, R M ; Kramer, M S ; Dahhou, M ; Platt, R W ; Patel, R ; Bogdanovich, N ; Matush, L ; Davey Smith, G ; Promotion of Breastfeeding Intervention Trial (PROBIT) Study Group ; Promotion of Breastfeeding Intervention Trial (PROBIT) Study Group</creatorcontrib><description>BackgroundIt has been hypothesised that dehydration in infancy could permanently increase sodium retention, raising blood pressure in later life. In this study, the association between gastrointestinal tract infection in infancy, a clinically relevant exposure often accompanied by dehydration, and raised blood pressure in childhood was investigated.MethodsData from a cohort study nested within a cluster-randomised trial of breastfeeding promotion in the Republic of Belarus were analysed. 17 046 healthy breastfed infants were enrolled from 31 maternity hospitals. 13 889 (81.5%) children were followed-up at 6.5 years. Exposure measures were any gastrointestinal infection in infancy (to 1 year) and hospitalisations for gastrointestinal infection in infancy and in childhood (1–6.5 years). The outcomes were systolic and diastolic blood pressure at age 6.5 years.ResultsThe prevalence of any gastrointestinal infection in infancy, and of hospitalisation for gastrointestinal infection in infancy or childhood, was 11.4%, 3.2% and 6.0%, respectively. No associations were observed between systolic blood pressure and any gastrointestinal infection (mean difference in those with minus those without infection −0.04 mm Hg; 95% CI −0.52 to 0.43) or hospitalisation for gastrointestinal infection (difference=−0.22 mm Hg; −1.07 to 0.64) in infancy. Nor were associations observed between diastolic blood pressure and any gastrointestinal infection during infancy or hospitalisation for gastrointestinal infection during infancy or childhood.ConclusionNo evidence was found to prove that hospitalisation for gastrointestinal infection in infancy or childhood leads to raised blood pressure at age 6.5 years in a developed country setting.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0143-005X</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1470-2738</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1136/jech.2009.090894</identifier><identifier>PMID: 19897470</identifier><identifier>CODEN: JECHDR</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>London: BMJ Publishing Group Ltd</publisher><subject>20th century ; aetiology outcome ; Age ; Biological and medical sciences ; Blood pressure ; Blood Pressure - physiology ; Breast Feeding ; Breastfeeding ; Breastfeeding & lactation ; Cardiovascular disease ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Childhood ; Children ; Clinical Audit ; Clinics ; cohort ME ; Cohort Studies ; Data collection ; Dehydration ; developmental plasticity ; Diarrhea ; diarrhoea ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Gastrointestinal Diseases - complications ; Gastrointestinal Diseases - epidemiology ; Gastrointestinal infection ; Gastrointestinal tract ; General aspects ; Health risk assessment ; Hospitalization ; Hospitalization - statistics & numerical data ; Hospitals ; Humans ; Hypertension ; Hypertension - etiology ; Hypotheses ; Infancy ; Infant ; Infections ; Male ; Medical sciences ; Miscellaneous ; Mothers ; Prevalence ; Public health. Hygiene ; Public health. Hygiene-occupational medicine ; Republic of Belarus ; Research reports ; Retention ; Socioeconomic Factors ; Sodium ; sodium retention ; Studies ; Womens health</subject><ispartof>Journal of epidemiology and community health (1979), 2010-12, Vol.64 (12), p.1068-1073</ispartof><rights>2010, Published by the BMJ Publishing Group Limited. For permission to use (where not already granted under a licence) please go to http://group.bmj.com/group/rights-licensing/permissions.</rights><rights>Copyright © 2010 BMJ Publishing Group</rights><rights>2015 INIST-CNRS</rights><rights>Copyright: 2010 (c) 2010, Published by the BMJ Publishing Group Limited. For permission to use (where not already granted under a licence) please go to http://group.bmj.com/group/rights-licensing/permissions.</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-b452t-d60579b4e5a193993b8eeaab8942d8c86ca42ccef822941eb8f45a4aebbccdf53</citedby></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://jech.bmj.com/content/64/12/1068.full.pdf$$EPDF$$P50$$Gbmj$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://jech.bmj.com/content/64/12/1068.full$$EHTML$$P50$$Gbmj$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>114,115,314,776,780,799,3183,23550,27901,27902,57992,58225,77343,77374</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttp://pascal-francis.inist.fr/vibad/index.php?action=getRecordDetail&idt=23420146$$DView record in Pascal Francis$$Hfree_for_read</backlink><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19897470$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Martin, R M</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kramer, M S</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Dahhou, M</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Platt, R W</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Patel, R</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Bogdanovich, N</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Matush, L</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Davey Smith, G</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Promotion of Breastfeeding Intervention Trial (PROBIT) Study Group</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Promotion of Breastfeeding Intervention Trial (PROBIT) Study Group</creatorcontrib><title>Do gastrointestinal tract infections in infancy increase blood pressure in childhood? A cohort study</title><title>Journal of epidemiology and community health (1979)</title><addtitle>J Epidemiol Community Health</addtitle><description>BackgroundIt has been hypothesised that dehydration in infancy could permanently increase sodium retention, raising blood pressure in later life. In this study, the association between gastrointestinal tract infection in infancy, a clinically relevant exposure often accompanied by dehydration, and raised blood pressure in childhood was investigated.MethodsData from a cohort study nested within a cluster-randomised trial of breastfeeding promotion in the Republic of Belarus were analysed. 17 046 healthy breastfed infants were enrolled from 31 maternity hospitals. 13 889 (81.5%) children were followed-up at 6.5 years. Exposure measures were any gastrointestinal infection in infancy (to 1 year) and hospitalisations for gastrointestinal infection in infancy and in childhood (1–6.5 years). The outcomes were systolic and diastolic blood pressure at age 6.5 years.ResultsThe prevalence of any gastrointestinal infection in infancy, and of hospitalisation for gastrointestinal infection in infancy or childhood, was 11.4%, 3.2% and 6.0%, respectively. No associations were observed between systolic blood pressure and any gastrointestinal infection (mean difference in those with minus those without infection −0.04 mm Hg; 95% CI −0.52 to 0.43) or hospitalisation for gastrointestinal infection (difference=−0.22 mm Hg; −1.07 to 0.64) in infancy. Nor were associations observed between diastolic blood pressure and any gastrointestinal infection during infancy or hospitalisation for gastrointestinal infection during infancy or childhood.ConclusionNo evidence was found to prove that hospitalisation for gastrointestinal infection in infancy or childhood leads to raised blood pressure at age 6.5 years in a developed country setting.</description><subject>20th century</subject><subject>aetiology outcome</subject><subject>Age</subject><subject>Biological and medical sciences</subject><subject>Blood pressure</subject><subject>Blood Pressure - physiology</subject><subject>Breast Feeding</subject><subject>Breastfeeding</subject><subject>Breastfeeding & lactation</subject><subject>Cardiovascular disease</subject><subject>Child</subject><subject>Child, Preschool</subject><subject>Childhood</subject><subject>Children</subject><subject>Clinical Audit</subject><subject>Clinics</subject><subject>cohort ME</subject><subject>Cohort Studies</subject><subject>Data collection</subject><subject>Dehydration</subject><subject>developmental plasticity</subject><subject>Diarrhea</subject><subject>diarrhoea</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>Follow-Up Studies</subject><subject>Gastrointestinal Diseases - complications</subject><subject>Gastrointestinal Diseases - epidemiology</subject><subject>Gastrointestinal infection</subject><subject>Gastrointestinal tract</subject><subject>General aspects</subject><subject>Health risk assessment</subject><subject>Hospitalization</subject><subject>Hospitalization - statistics & numerical data</subject><subject>Hospitals</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Hypertension</subject><subject>Hypertension - etiology</subject><subject>Hypotheses</subject><subject>Infancy</subject><subject>Infant</subject><subject>Infections</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>Medical sciences</subject><subject>Miscellaneous</subject><subject>Mothers</subject><subject>Prevalence</subject><subject>Public health. Hygiene</subject><subject>Public health. Hygiene-occupational medicine</subject><subject>Republic of Belarus</subject><subject>Research reports</subject><subject>Retention</subject><subject>Socioeconomic Factors</subject><subject>Sodium</subject><subject>sodium retention</subject><subject>Studies</subject><subject>Womens health</subject><issn>0143-005X</issn><issn>1470-2738</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2010</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><recordid>eNqFkU1v1DAQhi0EotvCnQsoEqo4oCy248T2CZXlW1VBqCBulu04rNNsvHgcif33OMqqlbhwmrHnmbHfeRF6QvCakKp51Tu7XVOM5RpLLCS7h1aEcVxSXon7aIUJq0qM658n6BSgxznlVD5EJ0QKyTO4Qu3bUPzSkGLwY3KQ_KiHIkVtU-HHztnkwwg5nU96tIccbXQaXGGGENpiHx3AFN2M2K0f2m2-fV1cFDZsQ0wFpKk9PEIPOj2Ae3yMZ-j7-3fXm4_l5ZcPnzYXl6VhNU1l2-T_ScNcrYmspKyMcE5rk4XRVljRWM2ota4TlEpGnBEdqzXTzhhr266uztCLZe4-ht9TVqN2HqwbBj26MIESWLCmxphn8vk_ZB-mmLWDIpxL2kjRkEzhhbIxAETXqX30Ox0PimA1G6BmA9RsgFoMyC3PjoMns3PtXcNx4xk4PwIarB66mLfq4ZajFaPZtiZzTxeuhxTiXb3mDePV_FC51D0k9-e2ruONanjFa3X1Y6PeXH27lvzzVzXPe7nwZtf_X8Zf2Y62NQ</recordid><startdate>20101201</startdate><enddate>20101201</enddate><creator>Martin, R M</creator><creator>Kramer, M S</creator><creator>Dahhou, M</creator><creator>Platt, R W</creator><creator>Patel, R</creator><creator>Bogdanovich, N</creator><creator>Matush, L</creator><creator>Davey Smith, G</creator><general>BMJ Publishing Group Ltd</general><general>BMJ Publishing Group</general><general>BMJ Publishing Group LTD</general><scope>BSCLL</scope><scope>IQODW</scope><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>3V.</scope><scope>7RV</scope><scope>7X7</scope><scope>7XB</scope><scope>88E</scope><scope>88G</scope><scope>88I</scope><scope>8AF</scope><scope>8C1</scope><scope>8FE</scope><scope>8FH</scope><scope>8FI</scope><scope>8FJ</scope><scope>8FK</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AEUYN</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>AN0</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BBNVY</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>BHPHI</scope><scope>BTHHO</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>FYUFA</scope><scope>GHDGH</scope><scope>GNUQQ</scope><scope>HCIFZ</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>KB0</scope><scope>LK8</scope><scope>M0S</scope><scope>M1P</scope><scope>M2M</scope><scope>M2P</scope><scope>M7P</scope><scope>NAPCQ</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>PSYQQ</scope><scope>Q9U</scope><scope>7X8</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20101201</creationdate><title>Do gastrointestinal tract infections in infancy increase blood pressure in childhood? A cohort study</title><author>Martin, R M ; Kramer, M S ; Dahhou, M ; Platt, R W ; Patel, R ; Bogdanovich, N ; Matush, L ; Davey Smith, G</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-b452t-d60579b4e5a193993b8eeaab8942d8c86ca42ccef822941eb8f45a4aebbccdf53</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2010</creationdate><topic>20th century</topic><topic>aetiology outcome</topic><topic>Age</topic><topic>Biological and medical sciences</topic><topic>Blood pressure</topic><topic>Blood Pressure - physiology</topic><topic>Breast Feeding</topic><topic>Breastfeeding</topic><topic>Breastfeeding & lactation</topic><topic>Cardiovascular disease</topic><topic>Child</topic><topic>Child, Preschool</topic><topic>Childhood</topic><topic>Children</topic><topic>Clinical Audit</topic><topic>Clinics</topic><topic>cohort ME</topic><topic>Cohort Studies</topic><topic>Data collection</topic><topic>Dehydration</topic><topic>developmental plasticity</topic><topic>Diarrhea</topic><topic>diarrhoea</topic><topic>Female</topic><topic>Follow-Up Studies</topic><topic>Gastrointestinal Diseases - complications</topic><topic>Gastrointestinal Diseases - epidemiology</topic><topic>Gastrointestinal infection</topic><topic>Gastrointestinal tract</topic><topic>General aspects</topic><topic>Health risk assessment</topic><topic>Hospitalization</topic><topic>Hospitalization - statistics & numerical data</topic><topic>Hospitals</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Hypertension</topic><topic>Hypertension - etiology</topic><topic>Hypotheses</topic><topic>Infancy</topic><topic>Infant</topic><topic>Infections</topic><topic>Male</topic><topic>Medical sciences</topic><topic>Miscellaneous</topic><topic>Mothers</topic><topic>Prevalence</topic><topic>Public health. Hygiene</topic><topic>Public health. Hygiene-occupational medicine</topic><topic>Republic of Belarus</topic><topic>Research reports</topic><topic>Retention</topic><topic>Socioeconomic Factors</topic><topic>Sodium</topic><topic>sodium retention</topic><topic>Studies</topic><topic>Womens health</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Martin, R M</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kramer, M S</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Dahhou, M</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Platt, R W</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Patel, R</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Bogdanovich, N</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Matush, L</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Davey Smith, G</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Promotion of Breastfeeding Intervention Trial (PROBIT) Study Group</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Promotion of Breastfeeding Intervention Trial (PROBIT) Study Group</creatorcontrib><collection>Istex</collection><collection>Pascal-Francis</collection><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Corporate)</collection><collection>Nursing & Allied Health Database</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>Medical Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Psychology Database (Alumni)</collection><collection>Science Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>STEM Database</collection><collection>Public Health Database</collection><collection>ProQuest SciTech Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Natural Science Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni) (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Sustainability</collection><collection>ProQuest Central UK/Ireland</collection><collection>British Nursing Database</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Essentials</collection><collection>Biological Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>Natural Science Collection</collection><collection>BMJ Journals</collection><collection>ProQuest One Community College</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Korea</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection (Alumni)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Student</collection><collection>SciTech Premium Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)</collection><collection>Nursing & Allied Health Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Biological Science Collection</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Medical Database</collection><collection>ProQuest Psychology</collection><collection>Science Database</collection><collection>Biological Science Database</collection><collection>Nursing & Allied Health Premium</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition</collection><collection>ProQuest One Psychology</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Basic</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><jtitle>Journal of epidemiology and community health (1979)</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Martin, R M</au><au>Kramer, M S</au><au>Dahhou, M</au><au>Platt, R W</au><au>Patel, R</au><au>Bogdanovich, N</au><au>Matush, L</au><au>Davey Smith, G</au><aucorp>Promotion of Breastfeeding Intervention Trial (PROBIT) Study Group</aucorp><aucorp>Promotion of Breastfeeding Intervention Trial (PROBIT) Study Group</aucorp><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Do gastrointestinal tract infections in infancy increase blood pressure in childhood? A cohort study</atitle><jtitle>Journal of epidemiology and community health (1979)</jtitle><addtitle>J Epidemiol Community Health</addtitle><date>2010-12-01</date><risdate>2010</risdate><volume>64</volume><issue>12</issue><spage>1068</spage><epage>1073</epage><pages>1068-1073</pages><issn>0143-005X</issn><eissn>1470-2738</eissn><coden>JECHDR</coden><abstract>BackgroundIt has been hypothesised that dehydration in infancy could permanently increase sodium retention, raising blood pressure in later life. In this study, the association between gastrointestinal tract infection in infancy, a clinically relevant exposure often accompanied by dehydration, and raised blood pressure in childhood was investigated.MethodsData from a cohort study nested within a cluster-randomised trial of breastfeeding promotion in the Republic of Belarus were analysed. 17 046 healthy breastfed infants were enrolled from 31 maternity hospitals. 13 889 (81.5%) children were followed-up at 6.5 years. Exposure measures were any gastrointestinal infection in infancy (to 1 year) and hospitalisations for gastrointestinal infection in infancy and in childhood (1–6.5 years). The outcomes were systolic and diastolic blood pressure at age 6.5 years.ResultsThe prevalence of any gastrointestinal infection in infancy, and of hospitalisation for gastrointestinal infection in infancy or childhood, was 11.4%, 3.2% and 6.0%, respectively. No associations were observed between systolic blood pressure and any gastrointestinal infection (mean difference in those with minus those without infection −0.04 mm Hg; 95% CI −0.52 to 0.43) or hospitalisation for gastrointestinal infection (difference=−0.22 mm Hg; −1.07 to 0.64) in infancy. Nor were associations observed between diastolic blood pressure and any gastrointestinal infection during infancy or hospitalisation for gastrointestinal infection during infancy or childhood.ConclusionNo evidence was found to prove that hospitalisation for gastrointestinal infection in infancy or childhood leads to raised blood pressure at age 6.5 years in a developed country setting.</abstract><cop>London</cop><pub>BMJ Publishing Group Ltd</pub><pmid>19897470</pmid><doi>10.1136/jech.2009.090894</doi><tpages>6</tpages></addata></record> |
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| ispartof | Journal of epidemiology and community health (1979), 2010-12, Vol.64 (12), p.1068-1073 |
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| subjects | 20th century aetiology outcome Age Biological and medical sciences Blood pressure Blood Pressure - physiology Breast Feeding Breastfeeding Breastfeeding & lactation Cardiovascular disease Child Child, Preschool Childhood Children Clinical Audit Clinics cohort ME Cohort Studies Data collection Dehydration developmental plasticity Diarrhea diarrhoea Female Follow-Up Studies Gastrointestinal Diseases - complications Gastrointestinal Diseases - epidemiology Gastrointestinal infection Gastrointestinal tract General aspects Health risk assessment Hospitalization Hospitalization - statistics & numerical data Hospitals Humans Hypertension Hypertension - etiology Hypotheses Infancy Infant Infections Male Medical sciences Miscellaneous Mothers Prevalence Public health. Hygiene Public health. Hygiene-occupational medicine Republic of Belarus Research reports Retention Socioeconomic Factors Sodium sodium retention Studies Womens health |
| title | Do gastrointestinal tract infections in infancy increase blood pressure in childhood? A cohort study |
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