Inhalation anaesthetics and climate change

Background Although the increasing abundance of CO2 in our atmosphere is the main driver of the observed climate change, it is the cumulative effect of all forcing agents that dictate the direction and magnitude of the change, and many smaller contributors are also at play. Isoflurane, desflurane, a...

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Veröffentlicht in:British journal of anaesthesia : BJA 2010-12, Vol.105 (6), p.760-766
Hauptverfasser: Sulbaek Andersen, M. P., Sander, S. P., Nielsen, O. J., Wagner, D. S., Sanford, T. J., Wallington, T. J.
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container_end_page 766
container_issue 6
container_start_page 760
container_title British journal of anaesthesia : BJA
container_volume 105
creator Sulbaek Andersen, M. P.
Sander, S. P.
Nielsen, O. J.
Wagner, D. S.
Sanford, T. J.
Wallington, T. J.
description Background Although the increasing abundance of CO2 in our atmosphere is the main driver of the observed climate change, it is the cumulative effect of all forcing agents that dictate the direction and magnitude of the change, and many smaller contributors are also at play. Isoflurane, desflurane, and sevoflurane are widely used inhalation anaesthetics. Emissions of these compounds contribute to radiative forcing of climate change. To quantitatively assess the impact of the anaesthetics on the forcing of climate, detailed information on their properties of heat (infrared, IR) absorption and atmospheric lifetimes are required. Methods We have measured the IR spectra of these anaesthetics and conducted calculations of their contribution to radiative forcing of climate change recognizing the important fact that radiative forcing is strongly dependent on the wavelength of the absorption features. Results Radiative efficiencies of 0.453, 0.469, and 0.351 W m−2 ppb−1 and global warming potentials (GWPs) of 510, 1620, and 210 (100 yr time horizon) were established for isoflurane, desflurane, and sevoflurane, respectively. Conclusions On the basis of the derived 100 yr GWPs, the average climate impact per anaesthetic procedure at the University of Michigan is the same as the emission of ∼22 kg CO2. We estimate that the global emissions of inhalation anaesthetics have a climate impact which is comparable with that from the CO2 emissions from one coal-fired power plant or 1 million passenger cars.
doi_str_mv 10.1093/bja/aeq259
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P. ; Sander, S. P. ; Nielsen, O. J. ; Wagner, D. S. ; Sanford, T. J. ; Wallington, T. J.</creator><creatorcontrib>Sulbaek Andersen, M. P. ; Sander, S. P. ; Nielsen, O. J. ; Wagner, D. S. ; Sanford, T. J. ; Wallington, T. J.</creatorcontrib><description>Background Although the increasing abundance of CO2 in our atmosphere is the main driver of the observed climate change, it is the cumulative effect of all forcing agents that dictate the direction and magnitude of the change, and many smaller contributors are also at play. Isoflurane, desflurane, and sevoflurane are widely used inhalation anaesthetics. Emissions of these compounds contribute to radiative forcing of climate change. To quantitatively assess the impact of the anaesthetics on the forcing of climate, detailed information on their properties of heat (infrared, IR) absorption and atmospheric lifetimes are required. Methods We have measured the IR spectra of these anaesthetics and conducted calculations of their contribution to radiative forcing of climate change recognizing the important fact that radiative forcing is strongly dependent on the wavelength of the absorption features. Results Radiative efficiencies of 0.453, 0.469, and 0.351 W m−2 ppb−1 and global warming potentials (GWPs) of 510, 1620, and 210 (100 yr time horizon) were established for isoflurane, desflurane, and sevoflurane, respectively. Conclusions On the basis of the derived 100 yr GWPs, the average climate impact per anaesthetic procedure at the University of Michigan is the same as the emission of ∼22 kg CO2. 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Methods We have measured the IR spectra of these anaesthetics and conducted calculations of their contribution to radiative forcing of climate change recognizing the important fact that radiative forcing is strongly dependent on the wavelength of the absorption features. Results Radiative efficiencies of 0.453, 0.469, and 0.351 W m−2 ppb−1 and global warming potentials (GWPs) of 510, 1620, and 210 (100 yr time horizon) were established for isoflurane, desflurane, and sevoflurane, respectively. Conclusions On the basis of the derived 100 yr GWPs, the average climate impact per anaesthetic procedure at the University of Michigan is the same as the emission of ∼22 kg CO2. 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J.</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Inhalation anaesthetics and climate change</atitle><jtitle>British journal of anaesthesia : BJA</jtitle><stitle>Br J Anaesth</stitle><addtitle>Br J Anaesth</addtitle><date>2010-12-01</date><risdate>2010</risdate><volume>105</volume><issue>6</issue><spage>760</spage><epage>766</epage><pages>760-766</pages><issn>0007-0912</issn><eissn>1471-6771</eissn><abstract>Background Although the increasing abundance of CO2 in our atmosphere is the main driver of the observed climate change, it is the cumulative effect of all forcing agents that dictate the direction and magnitude of the change, and many smaller contributors are also at play. Isoflurane, desflurane, and sevoflurane are widely used inhalation anaesthetics. Emissions of these compounds contribute to radiative forcing of climate change. To quantitatively assess the impact of the anaesthetics on the forcing of climate, detailed information on their properties of heat (infrared, IR) absorption and atmospheric lifetimes are required. Methods We have measured the IR spectra of these anaesthetics and conducted calculations of their contribution to radiative forcing of climate change recognizing the important fact that radiative forcing is strongly dependent on the wavelength of the absorption features. Results Radiative efficiencies of 0.453, 0.469, and 0.351 W m−2 ppb−1 and global warming potentials (GWPs) of 510, 1620, and 210 (100 yr time horizon) were established for isoflurane, desflurane, and sevoflurane, respectively. Conclusions On the basis of the derived 100 yr GWPs, the average climate impact per anaesthetic procedure at the University of Michigan is the same as the emission of ∼22 kg CO2. 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subjects Air Pollutants - chemistry
Anesthetics, Inhalation - chemistry
Atmosphere - chemistry
Carbon Dioxide - chemistry
Global Warming
global warming potential
greenhouse gas
Humans
infrared absorption
Isoflurane - analogs & derivatives
Isoflurane - chemistry
Methyl Ethers - chemistry
radiative forcing
spectra
Spectrophotometry, Infrared - methods
title Inhalation anaesthetics and climate change
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