Location of ion-binding sites in the gramicidin channel by X-ray diffraction

We report the first X-ray diffraction on gramicidin in its membrane-active form by using uniformly aligned multilayer samples of membranes containing gramicidin and ions (Tl +, K +, Ba 2+, Mg 2+ or without ions). Prom the difference electron density profiles, we found a pair of symmetrically located...

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