Peripheral contributions to the perception of effort
The effort of any brief static or dynamic muscular contraction is probably sensed as force. Force sensation may operate according to one of the following three mechanisms: 1) feedforward, where a copy of central motor outflow is fed directly to the sensory cortex; 2) feedback, afferent input to the...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Medicine and science in sports and exercise 1982-01, Vol.14 (5), p.382-389 |
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| container_title | Medicine and science in sports and exercise |
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| creator | Cafarelli, E |
| description | The effort of any brief static or dynamic muscular contraction is probably sensed as force. Force sensation may operate according to one of the following three mechanisms: 1) feedforward, where a copy of central motor outflow is fed directly to the sensory cortex; 2) feedback, afferent input to the cortex from peripheral receptors activated by contracting muscle; and 3) feedforward + feedback, expected and actual results of contraction are compared and continuously adjusted. Using both static and dynamic contractions as models, data have been obtained that support either feedforward or feedback mechanisms. It is suggested that experimental circumstances have much to do with isolating one part of a system that probably contains feedforward and feedback elements. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1249/00005768-198205000-00013 |
| format | Article |
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Force sensation may operate according to one of the following three mechanisms: 1) feedforward, where a copy of central motor outflow is fed directly to the sensory cortex; 2) feedback, afferent input to the cortex from peripheral receptors activated by contracting muscle; and 3) feedforward + feedback, expected and actual results of contraction are compared and continuously adjusted. Using both static and dynamic contractions as models, data have been obtained that support either feedforward or feedback mechanisms. It is suggested that experimental circumstances have much to do with isolating one part of a system that probably contains feedforward and feedback elements.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0195-9131</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1249/00005768-198205000-00013</identifier><identifier>PMID: 7154894</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>United States</publisher><subject>Animals ; Feedback ; Humans ; Models, Biological ; Muscle Contraction ; Physical Exertion ; Sensation - physiology ; Sensory Receptor Cells - physiology ; Space life sciences ; Vibration</subject><ispartof>Medicine and science in sports and exercise, 1982-01, Vol.14 (5), p.382-389</ispartof><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c426t-b3b24c60637f459f5f05c0cc87ba8593bd339e54c6721df9a3883f11334d5bf23</citedby></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><link.rule.ids>314,778,782,27911,27912</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7154894$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Cafarelli, E</creatorcontrib><title>Peripheral contributions to the perception of effort</title><title>Medicine and science in sports and exercise</title><addtitle>Med Sci Sports Exerc</addtitle><description>The effort of any brief static or dynamic muscular contraction is probably sensed as force. Force sensation may operate according to one of the following three mechanisms: 1) feedforward, where a copy of central motor outflow is fed directly to the sensory cortex; 2) feedback, afferent input to the cortex from peripheral receptors activated by contracting muscle; and 3) feedforward + feedback, expected and actual results of contraction are compared and continuously adjusted. Using both static and dynamic contractions as models, data have been obtained that support either feedforward or feedback mechanisms. It is suggested that experimental circumstances have much to do with isolating one part of a system that probably contains feedforward and feedback elements.</description><subject>Animals</subject><subject>Feedback</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Models, Biological</subject><subject>Muscle Contraction</subject><subject>Physical Exertion</subject><subject>Sensation - physiology</subject><subject>Sensory Receptor Cells - physiology</subject><subject>Space life sciences</subject><subject>Vibration</subject><issn>0195-9131</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>1982</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><recordid>eNo9kE9PwzAMxXMAjTH4CEg5cSvEddIkRzTxT5oEBzhHbZpoRV1TkvTAt6djY5Ysy0_v2dKPEArsDkqu79lcQlaqAK1KJuatmBvwjCwZaFFoQLgglyl9zbJEhAVZSBBcab4k_N3Fbty6WPfUhiHHrplyF4ZEc6B56-joonXjXqLBU-d9iPmKnPu6T-76OFfk8-nxY_1SbN6eX9cPm8LysspFg03JbcUqlJ4L7YVnwjJrlWxqJTQ2LaJ2YrbIElqva1QKPQAib0XjS1yR28PdMYbvyaVsdl2yru_rwYUpGcXKCoDL2agORhtDStF5M8ZuV8cfA8zsIZl_SOYEyfxBmqM3xx9Ts3PtKXgkhL_stGNV</recordid><startdate>19820101</startdate><enddate>19820101</enddate><creator>Cafarelli, E</creator><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7X8</scope></search><sort><creationdate>19820101</creationdate><title>Peripheral contributions to the perception of effort</title><author>Cafarelli, E</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c426t-b3b24c60637f459f5f05c0cc87ba8593bd339e54c6721df9a3883f11334d5bf23</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>1982</creationdate><topic>Animals</topic><topic>Feedback</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Models, Biological</topic><topic>Muscle Contraction</topic><topic>Physical Exertion</topic><topic>Sensation - physiology</topic><topic>Sensory Receptor Cells - physiology</topic><topic>Space life sciences</topic><topic>Vibration</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Cafarelli, E</creatorcontrib><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><jtitle>Medicine and science in sports and exercise</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Cafarelli, E</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Peripheral contributions to the perception of effort</atitle><jtitle>Medicine and science in sports and exercise</jtitle><addtitle>Med Sci Sports Exerc</addtitle><date>1982-01-01</date><risdate>1982</risdate><volume>14</volume><issue>5</issue><spage>382</spage><epage>389</epage><pages>382-389</pages><issn>0195-9131</issn><abstract>The effort of any brief static or dynamic muscular contraction is probably sensed as force. Force sensation may operate according to one of the following three mechanisms: 1) feedforward, where a copy of central motor outflow is fed directly to the sensory cortex; 2) feedback, afferent input to the cortex from peripheral receptors activated by contracting muscle; and 3) feedforward + feedback, expected and actual results of contraction are compared and continuously adjusted. Using both static and dynamic contractions as models, data have been obtained that support either feedforward or feedback mechanisms. It is suggested that experimental circumstances have much to do with isolating one part of a system that probably contains feedforward and feedback elements.</abstract><cop>United States</cop><pmid>7154894</pmid><doi>10.1249/00005768-198205000-00013</doi><tpages>8</tpages><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
| fulltext | fulltext |
| identifier | ISSN: 0195-9131 |
| ispartof | Medicine and science in sports and exercise, 1982-01, Vol.14 (5), p.382-389 |
| issn | 0195-9131 |
| language | eng |
| recordid | cdi_proquest_miscellaneous_80261147 |
| source | MEDLINE; Journals@Ovid LWW Legacy Archive; Journals@Ovid Ovid Autoload |
| subjects | Animals Feedback Humans Models, Biological Muscle Contraction Physical Exertion Sensation - physiology Sensory Receptor Cells - physiology Space life sciences Vibration |
| title | Peripheral contributions to the perception of effort |
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