Viremia and effect of fetal infection with porcine viruses with special reference to porcine circovirus 2 infection
This publication reviews some pathogenetic features of the transplacental infection with porcine viruses in sows. Viremia either with virus freely circulating or associated to peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) is an essential part of such pathogenesis. Virus replication occurs either in feta...
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Veröffentlicht in: | Veterinary microbiology 2004-02, Vol.98 (2), p.175-183 |
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creator | Pensaert, Maurice B Sanchez, Romeo E Ladekjær-Mikkelsen, Anne-Sofie Allan, Gordon M Nauwynck, Hans J |
description | This publication reviews some pathogenetic features of the transplacental infection with porcine viruses in sows. Viremia either with virus freely circulating or associated to peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) is an essential part of such pathogenesis. Virus replication occurs either in fetal tissues only or both in fetal and maternal tissues and the outcome may be different.
Since porcine circovirus 2 (PCV2) has been associated with reproductive failure in sows, the question was asked what type of viremia PCV2 causes and what the effect of PCV2 is on the pregnant uterus. Seronegative gilts were oronasally inoculated and plasma and PBMC were monitored for infectious virus and for quantity of viral DNA copies. Infectious virus was found in plasma only at 21 days post-inoculation (DPI). Virus associated to PBMC was detected between 14 and 49 DPI. Viral DNA was found in plasma between 14 and 49 DPI and associated to PBMC between 7 and 63 DPI (end of experiment). Direct intra-fetal inoculation at 57, 75 and 92 days of gestation and collection of fetuses 21 days later showed that the virus replicates highly in fetal tissues, particularly in the heart. Fetal death occurred in the 57 days sows while virus and antibodies were observed in the 75- and 92-day inoculated sows. Inoculation at 57 and 75 days of gestation and collection of the piglets at the end of pregnancy showed that intrauterine spread had occurred to fetuses adjacent to the inoculated ones and that fetal death occurred also in the presence of antibodies. The pregnancy was not interrupted.
This study shows that PCV2 causes viremia which is largely cell-associated and that virus replication in fetuses causes fetal death with mummification. Whether such transplacental infection occurs in the immune sow population is questionable. |
doi_str_mv | 10.1016/j.vetmic.2003.10.011 |
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Since porcine circovirus 2 (PCV2) has been associated with reproductive failure in sows, the question was asked what type of viremia PCV2 causes and what the effect of PCV2 is on the pregnant uterus. Seronegative gilts were oronasally inoculated and plasma and PBMC were monitored for infectious virus and for quantity of viral DNA copies. Infectious virus was found in plasma only at 21 days post-inoculation (DPI). Virus associated to PBMC was detected between 14 and 49 DPI. Viral DNA was found in plasma between 14 and 49 DPI and associated to PBMC between 7 and 63 DPI (end of experiment). Direct intra-fetal inoculation at 57, 75 and 92 days of gestation and collection of fetuses 21 days later showed that the virus replicates highly in fetal tissues, particularly in the heart. Fetal death occurred in the 57 days sows while virus and antibodies were observed in the 75- and 92-day inoculated sows. Inoculation at 57 and 75 days of gestation and collection of the piglets at the end of pregnancy showed that intrauterine spread had occurred to fetuses adjacent to the inoculated ones and that fetal death occurred also in the presence of antibodies. The pregnancy was not interrupted.
This study shows that PCV2 causes viremia which is largely cell-associated and that virus replication in fetuses causes fetal death with mummification. Whether such transplacental infection occurs in the immune sow population is questionable.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0378-1135</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1873-2542</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2003.10.011</identifier><identifier>PMID: 14741131</identifier><identifier>CODEN: VMICDQ</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Amsterdam: Elsevier B.V</publisher><subject>Abortion, Veterinary - virology ; Animals ; antibodies ; Antibodies, Viral - blood ; Biological and medical sciences ; Circoviridae Infections - transmission ; Circoviridae Infections - veterinary ; Circoviridae Infections - virology ; Circovirus - growth & development ; DNA ; Female ; fetal death ; Fetal Death - veterinary ; Fetus ; Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology ; gilts ; heart ; Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical - veterinary ; Microbiology ; Miscellaneous ; mononuclear leukocytes ; piglets ; pigs ; Porcine circovirus ; Porcine circovirus 2 ; Porcine circovirus type 2 ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy Complications, Infectious - veterinary ; Pregnancy Complications, Infectious - virology ; Sows ; Swine ; Swine Diseases - virology ; transplacental transmission ; uterus ; Viremia ; Viremia - transmission ; Viremia - veterinary ; Viremia - virology ; Virology ; virus replication ; viruses</subject><ispartof>Veterinary microbiology, 2004-02, Vol.98 (2), p.175-183</ispartof><rights>2003 Elsevier B.V.</rights><rights>2004 INIST-CNRS</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c489t-d71d6954a445f37707d4fe33a8ec3226cf531d5ee17af6fefa98992742e90d083</citedby></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.vetmic.2003.10.011$$EHTML$$P50$$Gelsevier$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>309,310,314,780,784,789,790,3550,23930,23931,25140,27924,27925,45995</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttp://pascal-francis.inist.fr/vibad/index.php?action=getRecordDetail&idt=15455201$$DView record in Pascal Francis$$Hfree_for_read</backlink><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14741131$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Pensaert, Maurice B</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Sanchez, Romeo E</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ladekjær-Mikkelsen, Anne-Sofie</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Allan, Gordon M</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Nauwynck, Hans J</creatorcontrib><title>Viremia and effect of fetal infection with porcine viruses with special reference to porcine circovirus 2 infection</title><title>Veterinary microbiology</title><addtitle>Vet Microbiol</addtitle><description>This publication reviews some pathogenetic features of the transplacental infection with porcine viruses in sows. Viremia either with virus freely circulating or associated to peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) is an essential part of such pathogenesis. Virus replication occurs either in fetal tissues only or both in fetal and maternal tissues and the outcome may be different.
Since porcine circovirus 2 (PCV2) has been associated with reproductive failure in sows, the question was asked what type of viremia PCV2 causes and what the effect of PCV2 is on the pregnant uterus. Seronegative gilts were oronasally inoculated and plasma and PBMC were monitored for infectious virus and for quantity of viral DNA copies. Infectious virus was found in plasma only at 21 days post-inoculation (DPI). Virus associated to PBMC was detected between 14 and 49 DPI. Viral DNA was found in plasma between 14 and 49 DPI and associated to PBMC between 7 and 63 DPI (end of experiment). Direct intra-fetal inoculation at 57, 75 and 92 days of gestation and collection of fetuses 21 days later showed that the virus replicates highly in fetal tissues, particularly in the heart. Fetal death occurred in the 57 days sows while virus and antibodies were observed in the 75- and 92-day inoculated sows. Inoculation at 57 and 75 days of gestation and collection of the piglets at the end of pregnancy showed that intrauterine spread had occurred to fetuses adjacent to the inoculated ones and that fetal death occurred also in the presence of antibodies. The pregnancy was not interrupted.
This study shows that PCV2 causes viremia which is largely cell-associated and that virus replication in fetuses causes fetal death with mummification. Whether such transplacental infection occurs in the immune sow population is questionable.</description><subject>Abortion, Veterinary - virology</subject><subject>Animals</subject><subject>antibodies</subject><subject>Antibodies, Viral - blood</subject><subject>Biological and medical sciences</subject><subject>Circoviridae Infections - transmission</subject><subject>Circoviridae Infections - veterinary</subject><subject>Circoviridae Infections - virology</subject><subject>Circovirus - growth & development</subject><subject>DNA</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>fetal death</subject><subject>Fetal Death - veterinary</subject><subject>Fetus</subject><subject>Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology</subject><subject>gilts</subject><subject>heart</subject><subject>Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical - veterinary</subject><subject>Microbiology</subject><subject>Miscellaneous</subject><subject>mononuclear leukocytes</subject><subject>piglets</subject><subject>pigs</subject><subject>Porcine circovirus</subject><subject>Porcine circovirus 2</subject><subject>Porcine circovirus type 2</subject><subject>Pregnancy</subject><subject>Pregnancy Complications, Infectious - veterinary</subject><subject>Pregnancy Complications, Infectious - virology</subject><subject>Sows</subject><subject>Swine</subject><subject>Swine Diseases - virology</subject><subject>transplacental transmission</subject><subject>uterus</subject><subject>Viremia</subject><subject>Viremia - transmission</subject><subject>Viremia - veterinary</subject><subject>Viremia - virology</subject><subject>Virology</subject><subject>virus replication</subject><subject>viruses</subject><issn>0378-1135</issn><issn>1873-2542</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2004</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><recordid>eNqFkU9vFCEYxonR2G31GxjLpb3Nyt9huJg0jf-SJj1oeyUIL8pmZtjC7DZ--zKdjXvTE-Hh9z4Bfgi9o2RNCW0_bNZ7mIbo1owQXqM1ofQFWtFO8YZJwV6iFeGqayjl8gSdlrIhhAjdktfohAolak5XqNzHDEO02I4eQwjgJpwCDjDZHsdx3sc04sc4_cbblF0cAe9j3hUoS1i24GJlMwTIMDrAU_pLuphdesYxO7a9Qa-C7Qu8Paxn6O7zpx_XX5ub2y_frq9uGic6PTVeUd9qKawQMnCliPIiAOe2A8cZa12QnHoJQJUNbYBgdac1U4KBJp50_AxdLr3bnB52UCYzxOKg7-0IaVdMRyhjSv4fpJpJqXRbQbGALqdS6pPNNsfB5j-GEjNbMRuzWDGzlTmtVurY-0P_7ucA_jh00FCBiwNgi7N9yHZ0sRw5KaRkZObOFy7YZOyvXJm77_VAVLWqE4JU4uNCQP3YfYRsiouzFl89u8n4FP991yckyLb1</recordid><startdate>20040204</startdate><enddate>20040204</enddate><creator>Pensaert, Maurice B</creator><creator>Sanchez, Romeo E</creator><creator>Ladekjær-Mikkelsen, Anne-Sofie</creator><creator>Allan, Gordon M</creator><creator>Nauwynck, Hans J</creator><general>Elsevier B.V</general><general>Elsevier Science</general><scope>FBQ</scope><scope>IQODW</scope><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7U9</scope><scope>H94</scope><scope>7X8</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20040204</creationdate><title>Viremia and effect of fetal infection with porcine viruses with special reference to porcine circovirus 2 infection</title><author>Pensaert, Maurice B ; Sanchez, Romeo E ; Ladekjær-Mikkelsen, Anne-Sofie ; Allan, Gordon M ; Nauwynck, Hans J</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c489t-d71d6954a445f37707d4fe33a8ec3226cf531d5ee17af6fefa98992742e90d083</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2004</creationdate><topic>Abortion, Veterinary - virology</topic><topic>Animals</topic><topic>antibodies</topic><topic>Antibodies, Viral - blood</topic><topic>Biological and medical sciences</topic><topic>Circoviridae Infections - transmission</topic><topic>Circoviridae Infections - veterinary</topic><topic>Circoviridae Infections - virology</topic><topic>Circovirus - growth & development</topic><topic>DNA</topic><topic>Female</topic><topic>fetal death</topic><topic>Fetal Death - veterinary</topic><topic>Fetus</topic><topic>Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology</topic><topic>gilts</topic><topic>heart</topic><topic>Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical - veterinary</topic><topic>Microbiology</topic><topic>Miscellaneous</topic><topic>mononuclear leukocytes</topic><topic>piglets</topic><topic>pigs</topic><topic>Porcine circovirus</topic><topic>Porcine circovirus 2</topic><topic>Porcine circovirus type 2</topic><topic>Pregnancy</topic><topic>Pregnancy Complications, Infectious - veterinary</topic><topic>Pregnancy Complications, Infectious - virology</topic><topic>Sows</topic><topic>Swine</topic><topic>Swine Diseases - virology</topic><topic>transplacental transmission</topic><topic>uterus</topic><topic>Viremia</topic><topic>Viremia - transmission</topic><topic>Viremia - veterinary</topic><topic>Viremia - virology</topic><topic>Virology</topic><topic>virus replication</topic><topic>viruses</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Pensaert, Maurice B</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Sanchez, Romeo E</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ladekjær-Mikkelsen, Anne-Sofie</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Allan, Gordon M</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Nauwynck, Hans J</creatorcontrib><collection>AGRIS</collection><collection>Pascal-Francis</collection><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Virology and AIDS Abstracts</collection><collection>AIDS and Cancer Research Abstracts</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><jtitle>Veterinary microbiology</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Pensaert, Maurice B</au><au>Sanchez, Romeo E</au><au>Ladekjær-Mikkelsen, Anne-Sofie</au><au>Allan, Gordon M</au><au>Nauwynck, Hans J</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Viremia and effect of fetal infection with porcine viruses with special reference to porcine circovirus 2 infection</atitle><jtitle>Veterinary microbiology</jtitle><addtitle>Vet Microbiol</addtitle><date>2004-02-04</date><risdate>2004</risdate><volume>98</volume><issue>2</issue><spage>175</spage><epage>183</epage><pages>175-183</pages><issn>0378-1135</issn><eissn>1873-2542</eissn><coden>VMICDQ</coden><abstract>This publication reviews some pathogenetic features of the transplacental infection with porcine viruses in sows. Viremia either with virus freely circulating or associated to peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) is an essential part of such pathogenesis. Virus replication occurs either in fetal tissues only or both in fetal and maternal tissues and the outcome may be different.
Since porcine circovirus 2 (PCV2) has been associated with reproductive failure in sows, the question was asked what type of viremia PCV2 causes and what the effect of PCV2 is on the pregnant uterus. Seronegative gilts were oronasally inoculated and plasma and PBMC were monitored for infectious virus and for quantity of viral DNA copies. Infectious virus was found in plasma only at 21 days post-inoculation (DPI). Virus associated to PBMC was detected between 14 and 49 DPI. Viral DNA was found in plasma between 14 and 49 DPI and associated to PBMC between 7 and 63 DPI (end of experiment). Direct intra-fetal inoculation at 57, 75 and 92 days of gestation and collection of fetuses 21 days later showed that the virus replicates highly in fetal tissues, particularly in the heart. Fetal death occurred in the 57 days sows while virus and antibodies were observed in the 75- and 92-day inoculated sows. Inoculation at 57 and 75 days of gestation and collection of the piglets at the end of pregnancy showed that intrauterine spread had occurred to fetuses adjacent to the inoculated ones and that fetal death occurred also in the presence of antibodies. The pregnancy was not interrupted.
This study shows that PCV2 causes viremia which is largely cell-associated and that virus replication in fetuses causes fetal death with mummification. Whether such transplacental infection occurs in the immune sow population is questionable.</abstract><cop>Amsterdam</cop><pub>Elsevier B.V</pub><pmid>14741131</pmid><doi>10.1016/j.vetmic.2003.10.011</doi><tpages>9</tpages><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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subjects | Abortion, Veterinary - virology Animals antibodies Antibodies, Viral - blood Biological and medical sciences Circoviridae Infections - transmission Circoviridae Infections - veterinary Circoviridae Infections - virology Circovirus - growth & development DNA Female fetal death Fetal Death - veterinary Fetus Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology gilts heart Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical - veterinary Microbiology Miscellaneous mononuclear leukocytes piglets pigs Porcine circovirus Porcine circovirus 2 Porcine circovirus type 2 Pregnancy Pregnancy Complications, Infectious - veterinary Pregnancy Complications, Infectious - virology Sows Swine Swine Diseases - virology transplacental transmission uterus Viremia Viremia - transmission Viremia - veterinary Viremia - virology Virology virus replication viruses |
title | Viremia and effect of fetal infection with porcine viruses with special reference to porcine circovirus 2 infection |
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