Bacterial challenge stimulates innate immune responses in extra-embryonic tissues of tobacco hornworm eggs
Innate immunity protects juvenile and adult vertebrates and invertebrates against potential pathogens; however, it is unknown when developing embryos become immune competent and just how they are guarded from infection. To address these questions, we studied the effect of immune challenge on early s...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Insect molecular biology 2004-02, Vol.13 (1), p.19-24 |
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| container_title | Insect molecular biology |
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| creator | Gorman, M. J. Kankanala, P. Kanost, M. R. |
| description | Innate immunity protects juvenile and adult vertebrates and invertebrates against potential pathogens; however, it is unknown when developing embryos become immune competent and just how they are guarded from infection. To address these questions, we studied the effect of immune challenge on early stage eggs of the tobacco hornworm, Manduca sexta. We detected many immune‐related proteins and mRNAs in naive eggs. Upon immune challenge, antimicrobial protein genes were up‐regulated, and antibacterial activity increased. Antimicrobial protein mRNAs and lysozyme were present in the extra‐embryonic tissues of immune‐challenged eggs; in addition, melanization in response to bacteria occurred in the yolk but not embryonic tissues. We conclude that the extra‐embryonic tissues of early stage M. sexta eggs are immune competent and likely protect the developing embryo from infection. We suggest that innate immune responses of extra‐embryonic tissues may be a common mechanism for protecting early embryos. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1111/j.1365-2583.2004.00454.x |
| format | Article |
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We conclude that the extra‐embryonic tissues of early stage M. sexta eggs are immune competent and likely protect the developing embryo from infection. 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J.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kankanala, P.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kanost, M. R.</creatorcontrib><title>Bacterial challenge stimulates innate immune responses in extra-embryonic tissues of tobacco hornworm eggs</title><title>Insect molecular biology</title><addtitle>Insect Mol Biol</addtitle><description>Innate immunity protects juvenile and adult vertebrates and invertebrates against potential pathogens; however, it is unknown when developing embryos become immune competent and just how they are guarded from infection. To address these questions, we studied the effect of immune challenge on early stage eggs of the tobacco hornworm, Manduca sexta. We detected many immune‐related proteins and mRNAs in naive eggs. Upon immune challenge, antimicrobial protein genes were up‐regulated, and antibacterial activity increased. Antimicrobial protein mRNAs and lysozyme were present in the extra‐embryonic tissues of immune‐challenged eggs; in addition, melanization in response to bacteria occurred in the yolk but not embryonic tissues. We conclude that the extra‐embryonic tissues of early stage M. sexta eggs are immune competent and likely protect the developing embryo from infection. We suggest that innate immune responses of extra‐embryonic tissues may be a common mechanism for protecting early embryos.</description><subject>Animals</subject><subject>antimicrobial</subject><subject>Bacillus thuringiensis - immunology</subject><subject>eggs</subject><subject>Escherichia coli - immunology</subject><subject>Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental</subject><subject>Immunity, Innate - genetics</subject><subject>Immunoblotting</subject><subject>innate immunity</subject><subject>insect immunity</subject><subject>Manduca - genetics</subject><subject>Manduca - immunology</subject><subject>Manduca sexta</subject><subject>Muramidase - immunology</subject><subject>Ovum - chemistry</subject><subject>Ovum - immunology</subject><subject>Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction</subject><subject>RNA, Messenger - immunology</subject><subject>Up-Regulation - genetics</subject><subject>Up-Regulation - immunology</subject><issn>0962-1075</issn><issn>1365-2583</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2004</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><recordid>eNqNkUtP3DAUhS1UBAPtX6i86i6pH7GdSN2URwckaKUKRHeW49wMnibxYCdi5t_jYUawbC1Z1_I937V1DkKYkpym9XWZUy5FxkTJc0ZIkactinx9gGZvjQ9oRirJMkqUOEYnMS4JIWUlqyN0TAvFSin5DC3PjB0hONNh-2i6DoYF4Di6furMCBG7YUgVu76fBsAB4soP8fUew3oMJoO-Dhs_OItHF-OUWr7Fo6-NtR4_-jA8-9BjWCziR3TYmi7Cp309Rfc_Lu_Or7KbX_Pr8-83mS2qqsgKkJJYXgBteMslsIqyVrDWEN4ao6itW0IpiIYzQxvLhWiqouYArFbWNIKfoi-7uavgn9KHRt27aKHrzAB-iroklEgqq38KqWJKJc-SsNwJbfAxBmj1KrjehI2mRG8D0Uu99V1vfdfbQPRrIHqd0M_7N6a6h-Yd3CeQBN92gmfXwea_B-vr27N0SHi2w10cYf2Gm_BXS8WV0A8_5_rP_ELe0d9ES_4C9omqwQ</recordid><startdate>200402</startdate><enddate>200402</enddate><creator>Gorman, M. 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R.</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c4994-4e660c34e1d3f36e2912f52fa03faa71cbf011e5d32a1dc355d94b3ee2b7cad53</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2004</creationdate><topic>Animals</topic><topic>antimicrobial</topic><topic>Bacillus thuringiensis - immunology</topic><topic>eggs</topic><topic>Escherichia coli - immunology</topic><topic>Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental</topic><topic>Immunity, Innate - genetics</topic><topic>Immunoblotting</topic><topic>innate immunity</topic><topic>insect immunity</topic><topic>Manduca - genetics</topic><topic>Manduca - immunology</topic><topic>Manduca sexta</topic><topic>Muramidase - immunology</topic><topic>Ovum - chemistry</topic><topic>Ovum - immunology</topic><topic>Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction</topic><topic>RNA, Messenger - immunology</topic><topic>Up-Regulation - genetics</topic><topic>Up-Regulation - immunology</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Gorman, M. J.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kankanala, P.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kanost, M. R.</creatorcontrib><collection>Istex</collection><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Entomology Abstracts (Full archive)</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><jtitle>Insect molecular biology</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Gorman, M. J.</au><au>Kankanala, P.</au><au>Kanost, M. R.</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Bacterial challenge stimulates innate immune responses in extra-embryonic tissues of tobacco hornworm eggs</atitle><jtitle>Insect molecular biology</jtitle><addtitle>Insect Mol Biol</addtitle><date>2004-02</date><risdate>2004</risdate><volume>13</volume><issue>1</issue><spage>19</spage><epage>24</epage><pages>19-24</pages><issn>0962-1075</issn><eissn>1365-2583</eissn><abstract>Innate immunity protects juvenile and adult vertebrates and invertebrates against potential pathogens; however, it is unknown when developing embryos become immune competent and just how they are guarded from infection. To address these questions, we studied the effect of immune challenge on early stage eggs of the tobacco hornworm, Manduca sexta. We detected many immune‐related proteins and mRNAs in naive eggs. Upon immune challenge, antimicrobial protein genes were up‐regulated, and antibacterial activity increased. Antimicrobial protein mRNAs and lysozyme were present in the extra‐embryonic tissues of immune‐challenged eggs; in addition, melanization in response to bacteria occurred in the yolk but not embryonic tissues. We conclude that the extra‐embryonic tissues of early stage M. sexta eggs are immune competent and likely protect the developing embryo from infection. We suggest that innate immune responses of extra‐embryonic tissues may be a common mechanism for protecting early embryos.</abstract><cop>Oxford, UK</cop><pub>Blackwell Publishing Ltd</pub><pmid>14728663</pmid><doi>10.1111/j.1365-2583.2004.00454.x</doi><tpages>6</tpages></addata></record> |
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| source | MEDLINE; Wiley Online Library Journals Frontfile Complete |
| subjects | Animals antimicrobial Bacillus thuringiensis - immunology eggs Escherichia coli - immunology Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental Immunity, Innate - genetics Immunoblotting innate immunity insect immunity Manduca - genetics Manduca - immunology Manduca sexta Muramidase - immunology Ovum - chemistry Ovum - immunology Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction RNA, Messenger - immunology Up-Regulation - genetics Up-Regulation - immunology |
| title | Bacterial challenge stimulates innate immune responses in extra-embryonic tissues of tobacco hornworm eggs |
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