Effect of load during electrical stimulation training in spinal cord injury
Electrical stimulation training is known to alter skeletal muscle characteristics after a spinal cord injury, but the effect of load on optimizing the training protocol has not been fully investigated. This study investigated two electrical‐stimulation training regimes with different loads on intram...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Muscle & nerve 2004-01, Vol.29 (1), p.104-111 |
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| creator | Crameri, Regina M. Cooper, Philip Sinclair, Peter J. Bryant, Grace Weston, Adele |
| description | Electrical stimulation training is known to alter skeletal muscle characteristics after a spinal cord injury, but the effect of load on optimizing the training protocol has not been fully investigated. This study investigated two electrical‐stimulation training regimes with different loads on intramuscular parameters of the paralyzed lower limbs. Six paraplegic individuals with a spinal cord injury underwent electrical stimulation training (45 min daily for 3 days per week for 10 weeks). One leg was trained statically with load, and the contralateral leg was trained dynamically with minimal load. Isometric force assessed with 35‐HZ stimuli increased significantly in both legs from baseline, with the static‐trained leg also being significantly higher than the dynamic‐trained leg. The vastus lateralis muscle of the statically trained leg showed a significant increase in type I fibers, fiber cross‐sectional area, capillary‐to‐fiber ratio, and citrate synthase activity when compared to both baseline and the dynamically trained leg. Relative oxygenation of the vastus lateralis muscle as determined by near infrared spectroscopy was also significantly greater after static training. This study indicates that the load that is applied to paralyzed muscle during an electrical stimulation training program is an important factor in determining the amount of muscle adaptation that can be achieved. Muscle Nerve 29: 104–111, 2004 |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1002/mus.10522 |
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This study investigated two electrical‐stimulation training regimes with different loads on intramuscular parameters of the paralyzed lower limbs. Six paraplegic individuals with a spinal cord injury underwent electrical stimulation training (45 min daily for 3 days per week for 10 weeks). One leg was trained statically with load, and the contralateral leg was trained dynamically with minimal load. Isometric force assessed with 35‐HZ stimuli increased significantly in both legs from baseline, with the static‐trained leg also being significantly higher than the dynamic‐trained leg. The vastus lateralis muscle of the statically trained leg showed a significant increase in type I fibers, fiber cross‐sectional area, capillary‐to‐fiber ratio, and citrate synthase activity when compared to both baseline and the dynamically trained leg. Relative oxygenation of the vastus lateralis muscle as determined by near infrared spectroscopy was also significantly greater after static training. This study indicates that the load that is applied to paralyzed muscle during an electrical stimulation training program is an important factor in determining the amount of muscle adaptation that can be achieved. Muscle Nerve 29: 104–111, 2004</description><identifier>ISSN: 0148-639X</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1097-4598</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1002/mus.10522</identifier><identifier>PMID: 14694505</identifier><identifier>CODEN: MUNEDE</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Hoboken: Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company</publisher><subject>Adult ; Biological and medical sciences ; Capillaries - cytology ; Capillaries - physiology ; Cell Size - physiology ; Citrate (si)-Synthase - metabolism ; Diseases of striated muscles. Neuromuscular diseases ; Electric Stimulation Therapy - standards ; electrical stimulation ; Exercise Tolerance - physiology ; fiber types ; Humans ; Isometric Contraction - physiology ; Medical sciences ; Middle Aged ; Muscle Contraction - physiology ; Muscle Fibers, Skeletal - physiology ; Muscle, Skeletal - blood supply ; Muscle, Skeletal - cytology ; Muscle, Skeletal - physiopathology ; near infrared spectroscopy ; Neovascularization, Physiologic - physiology ; Neurology ; Oxygen Consumption - physiology ; Paraplegia - etiology ; Paraplegia - physiopathology ; Paraplegia - therapy ; skeletal muscle ; Spinal Cord Injuries - physiopathology ; spinal cord injury ; Treatment Outcome ; Weight-Bearing - physiology</subject><ispartof>Muscle & nerve, 2004-01, Vol.29 (1), p.104-111</ispartof><rights>Copyright © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.</rights><rights>2004 INIST-CNRS</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c5182-2f16823839a7e35e0ccadbd1d7ac33eba8b8cd94dde8d47005f173c80bdbc2c33</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c5182-2f16823839a7e35e0ccadbd1d7ac33eba8b8cd94dde8d47005f173c80bdbc2c33</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002%2Fmus.10522$$EPDF$$P50$$Gwiley$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002%2Fmus.10522$$EHTML$$P50$$Gwiley$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,776,780,1411,27901,27902,45550,45551</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttp://pascal-francis.inist.fr/vibad/index.php?action=getRecordDetail&idt=15410757$$DView record in Pascal Francis$$Hfree_for_read</backlink><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14694505$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Crameri, Regina M.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Cooper, Philip</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Sinclair, Peter J.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Bryant, Grace</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Weston, Adele</creatorcontrib><title>Effect of load during electrical stimulation training in spinal cord injury</title><title>Muscle & nerve</title><addtitle>Muscle Nerve</addtitle><description>Electrical stimulation training is known to alter skeletal muscle characteristics after a spinal cord injury, but the effect of load on optimizing the training protocol has not been fully investigated. This study investigated two electrical‐stimulation training regimes with different loads on intramuscular parameters of the paralyzed lower limbs. Six paraplegic individuals with a spinal cord injury underwent electrical stimulation training (45 min daily for 3 days per week for 10 weeks). One leg was trained statically with load, and the contralateral leg was trained dynamically with minimal load. Isometric force assessed with 35‐HZ stimuli increased significantly in both legs from baseline, with the static‐trained leg also being significantly higher than the dynamic‐trained leg. The vastus lateralis muscle of the statically trained leg showed a significant increase in type I fibers, fiber cross‐sectional area, capillary‐to‐fiber ratio, and citrate synthase activity when compared to both baseline and the dynamically trained leg. Relative oxygenation of the vastus lateralis muscle as determined by near infrared spectroscopy was also significantly greater after static training. This study indicates that the load that is applied to paralyzed muscle during an electrical stimulation training program is an important factor in determining the amount of muscle adaptation that can be achieved. Muscle Nerve 29: 104–111, 2004</description><subject>Adult</subject><subject>Biological and medical sciences</subject><subject>Capillaries - cytology</subject><subject>Capillaries - physiology</subject><subject>Cell Size - physiology</subject><subject>Citrate (si)-Synthase - metabolism</subject><subject>Diseases of striated muscles. Neuromuscular diseases</subject><subject>Electric Stimulation Therapy - standards</subject><subject>electrical stimulation</subject><subject>Exercise Tolerance - physiology</subject><subject>fiber types</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Isometric Contraction - physiology</subject><subject>Medical sciences</subject><subject>Middle Aged</subject><subject>Muscle Contraction - physiology</subject><subject>Muscle Fibers, Skeletal - physiology</subject><subject>Muscle, Skeletal - blood supply</subject><subject>Muscle, Skeletal - cytology</subject><subject>Muscle, Skeletal - physiopathology</subject><subject>near infrared spectroscopy</subject><subject>Neovascularization, Physiologic - physiology</subject><subject>Neurology</subject><subject>Oxygen Consumption - physiology</subject><subject>Paraplegia - etiology</subject><subject>Paraplegia - physiopathology</subject><subject>Paraplegia - therapy</subject><subject>skeletal muscle</subject><subject>Spinal Cord Injuries - physiopathology</subject><subject>spinal cord injury</subject><subject>Treatment Outcome</subject><subject>Weight-Bearing - physiology</subject><issn>0148-639X</issn><issn>1097-4598</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2004</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><recordid>eNp90UtP3DAQAGCrApUFeuAPoFwA9ZAyE9uxc6wQ0IqXoCB6sxzbqUzz2NqJ2v339bJLOZWTH_PNjDRDyB7CJwQojrsppgsvindkhlCJnPFKbpAZIJN5SavvW2Q7xicAQFmK92QLWVkxDnxGLk6bxpkxG5qsHbTN7BR8_yNzbfoM3ug2i6PvplaPfuizMWjfL-O-z-Lc9ylshmDT82kKi12y2eg2ug_rc4c8nJ3en3zJL2_Ov558vswNR1nkRYOlLKiklRaOcgfGaFtbtEIbSl2tZS2NrZi1TlomAHiDghoJta1NkcgOOVzVnYfh1-TiqDofjWtb3bthikoCCGQUEjx6EwqBJWXls3y7JIqiKiVigh9X0IQhxuAaNQ--02GhENRyGapb8uUykt1fF53qztlXuZ5-AgdroGMadRN0b3x8dZwhCC6SO1653751i_93VFcP315a56sMH0f351-GDj9VKajg6vH6XN1zfnF9d_uoGP0Lq-Kv9w</recordid><startdate>200401</startdate><enddate>200401</enddate><creator>Crameri, Regina M.</creator><creator>Cooper, Philip</creator><creator>Sinclair, Peter J.</creator><creator>Bryant, Grace</creator><creator>Weston, Adele</creator><general>Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company</general><general>Wiley</general><scope>BSCLL</scope><scope>IQODW</scope><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7TK</scope><scope>7X8</scope></search><sort><creationdate>200401</creationdate><title>Effect of load during electrical stimulation training in spinal cord injury</title><author>Crameri, Regina M. ; Cooper, Philip ; Sinclair, Peter J. ; Bryant, Grace ; Weston, Adele</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c5182-2f16823839a7e35e0ccadbd1d7ac33eba8b8cd94dde8d47005f173c80bdbc2c33</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2004</creationdate><topic>Adult</topic><topic>Biological and medical sciences</topic><topic>Capillaries - cytology</topic><topic>Capillaries - physiology</topic><topic>Cell Size - physiology</topic><topic>Citrate (si)-Synthase - metabolism</topic><topic>Diseases of striated muscles. Neuromuscular diseases</topic><topic>Electric Stimulation Therapy - standards</topic><topic>electrical stimulation</topic><topic>Exercise Tolerance - physiology</topic><topic>fiber types</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Isometric Contraction - physiology</topic><topic>Medical sciences</topic><topic>Middle Aged</topic><topic>Muscle Contraction - physiology</topic><topic>Muscle Fibers, Skeletal - physiology</topic><topic>Muscle, Skeletal - blood supply</topic><topic>Muscle, Skeletal - cytology</topic><topic>Muscle, Skeletal - physiopathology</topic><topic>near infrared spectroscopy</topic><topic>Neovascularization, Physiologic - physiology</topic><topic>Neurology</topic><topic>Oxygen Consumption - physiology</topic><topic>Paraplegia - etiology</topic><topic>Paraplegia - physiopathology</topic><topic>Paraplegia - therapy</topic><topic>skeletal muscle</topic><topic>Spinal Cord Injuries - physiopathology</topic><topic>spinal cord injury</topic><topic>Treatment Outcome</topic><topic>Weight-Bearing - physiology</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Crameri, Regina M.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Cooper, Philip</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Sinclair, Peter J.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Bryant, Grace</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Weston, Adele</creatorcontrib><collection>Istex</collection><collection>Pascal-Francis</collection><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Neurosciences Abstracts</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><jtitle>Muscle & nerve</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Crameri, Regina M.</au><au>Cooper, Philip</au><au>Sinclair, Peter J.</au><au>Bryant, Grace</au><au>Weston, Adele</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Effect of load during electrical stimulation training in spinal cord injury</atitle><jtitle>Muscle & nerve</jtitle><addtitle>Muscle Nerve</addtitle><date>2004-01</date><risdate>2004</risdate><volume>29</volume><issue>1</issue><spage>104</spage><epage>111</epage><pages>104-111</pages><issn>0148-639X</issn><eissn>1097-4598</eissn><coden>MUNEDE</coden><abstract>Electrical stimulation training is known to alter skeletal muscle characteristics after a spinal cord injury, but the effect of load on optimizing the training protocol has not been fully investigated. This study investigated two electrical‐stimulation training regimes with different loads on intramuscular parameters of the paralyzed lower limbs. Six paraplegic individuals with a spinal cord injury underwent electrical stimulation training (45 min daily for 3 days per week for 10 weeks). One leg was trained statically with load, and the contralateral leg was trained dynamically with minimal load. Isometric force assessed with 35‐HZ stimuli increased significantly in both legs from baseline, with the static‐trained leg also being significantly higher than the dynamic‐trained leg. The vastus lateralis muscle of the statically trained leg showed a significant increase in type I fibers, fiber cross‐sectional area, capillary‐to‐fiber ratio, and citrate synthase activity when compared to both baseline and the dynamically trained leg. Relative oxygenation of the vastus lateralis muscle as determined by near infrared spectroscopy was also significantly greater after static training. This study indicates that the load that is applied to paralyzed muscle during an electrical stimulation training program is an important factor in determining the amount of muscle adaptation that can be achieved. Muscle Nerve 29: 104–111, 2004</abstract><cop>Hoboken</cop><pub>Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company</pub><pmid>14694505</pmid><doi>10.1002/mus.10522</doi><tpages>8</tpages></addata></record> |
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| subjects | Adult Biological and medical sciences Capillaries - cytology Capillaries - physiology Cell Size - physiology Citrate (si)-Synthase - metabolism Diseases of striated muscles. Neuromuscular diseases Electric Stimulation Therapy - standards electrical stimulation Exercise Tolerance - physiology fiber types Humans Isometric Contraction - physiology Medical sciences Middle Aged Muscle Contraction - physiology Muscle Fibers, Skeletal - physiology Muscle, Skeletal - blood supply Muscle, Skeletal - cytology Muscle, Skeletal - physiopathology near infrared spectroscopy Neovascularization, Physiologic - physiology Neurology Oxygen Consumption - physiology Paraplegia - etiology Paraplegia - physiopathology Paraplegia - therapy skeletal muscle Spinal Cord Injuries - physiopathology spinal cord injury Treatment Outcome Weight-Bearing - physiology |
| title | Effect of load during electrical stimulation training in spinal cord injury |
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