Alloiococcus otitidis in acute otitis media

Objective: The bacterium Alloiococcus otitidis has been found to be associated with otitis media with effusion (OME). When the culture method is used, its detection rate is low, whereas applying the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) yields significantly higher frequencies. This study was carried out to investigate the incidence of A. otitidis in children with acute otitis media (AOM). Methods: Multiplex PCR was used to detect A. otitidis together with Haemophilus influenzae, Moraxella catarrhalis, and Streptococcus pneumoniae in the middle ear effusions (MEEs) of 118 children with AOM. The clinical outcome of AOM and the bacterial findings of MEEs were compared. Results: A. otitidis was detected in 25% (30 of 118) of the tested MEE samples. Children over 2 years of age had significantly more often A. otitidis-positive MEEs (37%; 22 of 59) than younger children (14%; 8 of 59) (chi-square test, P