Neuropsychological Effect of Temporal Lobe Resection in Preadolescent Children with Epilepsy

Purpose: Numerous studies have demonstrated changes in cognitive, memory, and language functioning in adults and adolescents after temporal lobectomy, yet little information is available regarding neuropsychological outcome in preadolescent children. Methods: We studied pre‐and postoperative neuropsychological test results from 14 children who underwent temporal lobe resection for intractable epilepsy at age 7–12 years (mean 9.4 years). Results: Thirteen patients (93%) had no seizures or less than one seizure a year at follow‐up 23‐48 months (mean 34 months) after operation. Postoperative neuropsychological testing was performed 6–9 months (mean 7 months) after surgery in 13 patients and 36 months after the first operation in 1 patient who underwent two‐stage resection of a tumor. Verbal, Performance, and Full Scale IQ were initially in the low‐average range, with no significant change across the pre‐and postoperative evaluations. Immediate verbal memory performance decreased significantly in children who initially performed above the median preoperatively and tended to decrease in children who had left rather than right temporal lobe resection. Significant postoperative decreases in delayed memory scores were independent of preoperative ability or side of resection. Conclusions: Our small study suggests vulnerability to postoperative decline in immediate verbal memory scores in preadolescent children who have higher baseline immediate memory function or undergo left rather than right temporal lobe resection, similar to that observed in adolescents in adults. The entire group exhibited a statistically significant decrease in delayed verbal memory. Study of larger series of patients will be important to clarify further the short‐and long‐term risks and benefits of temporal lobe resection in childhood.