Spinal Bone Mineral Density in Premenopausal Vegetarian and Nonvegetarian Women: Cross-sectional and Prospective Comparisons
Objective To compare spinal bone mineral density (BMD) and 1-year BMD change between premenopausal vegetarian and nonvegetarian women. Design Cross-sectional comparison of spinal BMD at baseline and prospective comparison of a subsample. Setting A western Canadian metropolitan area. Subjects/samples...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Journal of the American Dietetic Association 1998-07, Vol.98 (7), p.760-765 |
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| creator | BARR, SUSAN I PRIOR, JERILYNN C JANELLE, K.CHRISTINA LENTLE, BRIAN C |
| description | Objective To compare spinal bone mineral density (BMD) and 1-year BMD change between premenopausal vegetarian and nonvegetarian women.
Design Cross-sectional comparison of spinal BMD at baseline and prospective comparison of a subsample.
Setting A western Canadian metropolitan area.
Subjects/samples Healthy vegetarian (n=15 lacto-ovo-vegetarian, n=8 vegan) and nonvegetarian (n=22) women aged 20 to 40 years, with regular menstrual cycles and stable body weight completed baseline measurements. Twenty of these women (6 lacto-ovo-vegetarian, 5 vegan, 9 non-vegetarian) participated in repeat measurements at approximately 13 months.
Statistical analyses performed Descriptive statistics, independent sample and paired
t tests, 1-way analysis of variance, correlation analysis, and stepwise multiple regression were used to compare groups and to assess associations with BMD.
Results At baseline, subjects were 27.2±5.1 years old. Vegetarians had lower body mass index (21.1±2.3 vs 22.7±1.9,
P |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1016/S0002-8223(98)00172-2 |
| format | Article |
| fullrecord | <record><control><sourceid>gale_proqu</sourceid><recordid>TN_cdi_proquest_miscellaneous_80002902</recordid><sourceformat>XML</sourceformat><sourcesystem>PC</sourcesystem><galeid>A20944896</galeid><els_id>S0002822398001722</els_id><sourcerecordid>A20944896</sourcerecordid><originalsourceid>FETCH-LOGICAL-e450t-202ee0ba2055fed08209c06b909bb01f5b49a02005ebb49b0b77df23310877a63</originalsourceid><addsrcrecordid>eNptkm2L1DAQx4Mo57r6EQ6LHHKC1Um6fYhv5Fz1FFY9WE9fhrSdLjnapCbt4oEf3unucnJy5EUyM79MJvMfxo45vOLAs9drABBxIURyKosXADwXsbjHZrzIizhJc7jPZjfIQ_YohCsyIeVwxI5kli0kz2bsz7o3VrfRO2cx-mIsejLeow1muI6MjS48dmhdr8dAgR-4wUF7o22kbR19dXb7z_PTEfkmWnoXQhywGoybMk_gBfn6ybPFaOm6ni4EZ8Nj9qDRbcAnh33OLj9--L78FK--nX9enq1iXKQwxAIEIpRaQJo2WEMhQFaQlRJkWQJv0nIhNQj6G5Z0LKHM87oRScKhyHOdJXP2fJ-39-7XiGFQnQkVtq226MagiqlPEgSBz_4Dr9zo6RdBCV4kMs0p65y93EMb3aIytnGD19UGd72jNjaG3GdU42JRyOnx-A6cVo2dqe7iT2_xhAz4e9iQAlTp-eoWenwodyw7rFXvTaf9tTqoS_GTQ1yHSreN17Yy4QYTCecJTNjTPdZop_SGtFGXawEUo6YU6Y54uyeQVNoa9CpUBm2FtfEkq6qdURzUNJdqN5dqGjolC7WbS3rpL3dD0DY</addsrcrecordid><sourcetype>Aggregation Database</sourcetype><iscdi>true</iscdi><recordtype>article</recordtype><pqid>218395723</pqid></control><display><type>article</type><title>Spinal Bone Mineral Density in Premenopausal Vegetarian and Nonvegetarian Women: Cross-sectional and Prospective Comparisons</title><source>MEDLINE</source><source>Elsevier ScienceDirect Journals</source><creator>BARR, SUSAN I ; PRIOR, JERILYNN C ; JANELLE, K.CHRISTINA ; LENTLE, BRIAN C</creator><creatorcontrib>BARR, SUSAN I ; PRIOR, JERILYNN C ; JANELLE, K.CHRISTINA ; LENTLE, BRIAN C</creatorcontrib><description>Objective To compare spinal bone mineral density (BMD) and 1-year BMD change between premenopausal vegetarian and nonvegetarian women.
Design Cross-sectional comparison of spinal BMD at baseline and prospective comparison of a subsample.
Setting A western Canadian metropolitan area.
Subjects/samples Healthy vegetarian (n=15 lacto-ovo-vegetarian, n=8 vegan) and nonvegetarian (n=22) women aged 20 to 40 years, with regular menstrual cycles and stable body weight completed baseline measurements. Twenty of these women (6 lacto-ovo-vegetarian, 5 vegan, 9 non-vegetarian) participated in repeat measurements at approximately 13 months.
Statistical analyses performed Descriptive statistics, independent sample and paired
t tests, 1-way analysis of variance, correlation analysis, and stepwise multiple regression were used to compare groups and to assess associations with BMD.
Results At baseline, subjects were 27.2±5.1 years old. Vegetarians had lower body mass index (21.1±2.3 vs 22.7±1.9,
P<.05) and percent body fat (24.0±5.5% vs 27.4±5.1%,
P<.05); they also tended to have lower BMD (1.148±0.111 g/cm
2 vs 1.216±0.132 g/cm
2,
P=.06), although this was not apparent with weight as a covariate (
P=.14). Baseline BMD was predicted by vitamin B-12 intake and total body fat (
R
2=.24,
P=.001). Participants in the follow-up differed only in their being older than nonparticipants. Over 1 year, mean BMD increased significantly (1.1%): by diet group, non-vegetarians’ BMD increased but vegetarians’ BMD was unchanged. No other monitored variables were associated with BMD change.
Applications/conclusions Vegetarian women should be aware of links between low BMD and low body weight/body fat, and should maintain adequate intakes of nutrients believed to affect BMD.
J Am Diet Assoc. 1998;98:760-765.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0002-8223</identifier><identifier>ISSN: 2212-2672</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1878-3570</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 2212-2680</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1016/S0002-8223(98)00172-2</identifier><identifier>PMID: 9664916</identifier><identifier>CODEN: JADAAE</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>New York, NY: Elsevier Inc</publisher><subject>Adult ; Analysis of Variance ; Anthropometry ; Biological and medical sciences ; body composition ; Body fat ; Body Mass Index ; body weight ; Bone Density ; Bones ; Clinical trials ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Diet, Vegetarian ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; height ; Humans ; Investigative techniques, diagnostic techniques (general aspects) ; lifestyle ; Lumbar Vertebrae - physiology ; Medical sciences ; Menopause ; Minerals in nutrition ; Minerals in the body ; nutrient intake ; Osteoarticular system. Muscles ; Ovulation - physiology ; Pathology. Cytology. Biochemistry. Spectrometry. Miscellaneous investigative techniques ; Premenopause - physiology ; Prospective Studies ; Regression Analysis ; Space life sciences ; Spine ; vegetarian diet ; Vegetarianism ; Vegetarians ; vitamin B12 ; Women</subject><ispartof>Journal of the American Dietetic Association, 1998-07, Vol.98 (7), p.760-765</ispartof><rights>1998 American Dietetic Association</rights><rights>1998 INIST-CNRS</rights><rights>COPYRIGHT 1998 Elsevier Science Publishers</rights><rights>Copyright American Dietetic Association Jul 1998</rights><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0002822398001722$$EHTML$$P50$$Gelsevier$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,776,780,3537,27901,27902,65306</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttp://pascal-francis.inist.fr/vibad/index.php?action=getRecordDetail&idt=2311306$$DView record in Pascal Francis$$Hfree_for_read</backlink><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9664916$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>BARR, SUSAN I</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>PRIOR, JERILYNN C</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>JANELLE, K.CHRISTINA</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>LENTLE, BRIAN C</creatorcontrib><title>Spinal Bone Mineral Density in Premenopausal Vegetarian and Nonvegetarian Women: Cross-sectional and Prospective Comparisons</title><title>Journal of the American Dietetic Association</title><addtitle>J Am Diet Assoc</addtitle><description>Objective To compare spinal bone mineral density (BMD) and 1-year BMD change between premenopausal vegetarian and nonvegetarian women.
Design Cross-sectional comparison of spinal BMD at baseline and prospective comparison of a subsample.
Setting A western Canadian metropolitan area.
Subjects/samples Healthy vegetarian (n=15 lacto-ovo-vegetarian, n=8 vegan) and nonvegetarian (n=22) women aged 20 to 40 years, with regular menstrual cycles and stable body weight completed baseline measurements. Twenty of these women (6 lacto-ovo-vegetarian, 5 vegan, 9 non-vegetarian) participated in repeat measurements at approximately 13 months.
Statistical analyses performed Descriptive statistics, independent sample and paired
t tests, 1-way analysis of variance, correlation analysis, and stepwise multiple regression were used to compare groups and to assess associations with BMD.
Results At baseline, subjects were 27.2±5.1 years old. Vegetarians had lower body mass index (21.1±2.3 vs 22.7±1.9,
P<.05) and percent body fat (24.0±5.5% vs 27.4±5.1%,
P<.05); they also tended to have lower BMD (1.148±0.111 g/cm
2 vs 1.216±0.132 g/cm
2,
P=.06), although this was not apparent with weight as a covariate (
P=.14). Baseline BMD was predicted by vitamin B-12 intake and total body fat (
R
2=.24,
P=.001). Participants in the follow-up differed only in their being older than nonparticipants. Over 1 year, mean BMD increased significantly (1.1%): by diet group, non-vegetarians’ BMD increased but vegetarians’ BMD was unchanged. No other monitored variables were associated with BMD change.
Applications/conclusions Vegetarian women should be aware of links between low BMD and low body weight/body fat, and should maintain adequate intakes of nutrients believed to affect BMD.
J Am Diet Assoc. 1998;98:760-765.</description><subject>Adult</subject><subject>Analysis of Variance</subject><subject>Anthropometry</subject><subject>Biological and medical sciences</subject><subject>body composition</subject><subject>Body fat</subject><subject>Body Mass Index</subject><subject>body weight</subject><subject>Bone Density</subject><subject>Bones</subject><subject>Clinical trials</subject><subject>Cross-Sectional Studies</subject><subject>Diet, Vegetarian</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>Follow-Up Studies</subject><subject>height</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Investigative techniques, diagnostic techniques (general aspects)</subject><subject>lifestyle</subject><subject>Lumbar Vertebrae - physiology</subject><subject>Medical sciences</subject><subject>Menopause</subject><subject>Minerals in nutrition</subject><subject>Minerals in the body</subject><subject>nutrient intake</subject><subject>Osteoarticular system. Muscles</subject><subject>Ovulation - physiology</subject><subject>Pathology. Cytology. Biochemistry. Spectrometry. Miscellaneous investigative techniques</subject><subject>Premenopause - physiology</subject><subject>Prospective Studies</subject><subject>Regression Analysis</subject><subject>Space life sciences</subject><subject>Spine</subject><subject>vegetarian diet</subject><subject>Vegetarianism</subject><subject>Vegetarians</subject><subject>vitamin B12</subject><subject>Women</subject><issn>0002-8223</issn><issn>2212-2672</issn><issn>1878-3570</issn><issn>2212-2680</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>1998</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><sourceid>8G5</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><sourceid>GUQSH</sourceid><sourceid>M2O</sourceid><recordid>eNptkm2L1DAQx4Mo57r6EQ6LHHKC1Um6fYhv5Fz1FFY9WE9fhrSdLjnapCbt4oEf3unucnJy5EUyM79MJvMfxo45vOLAs9drABBxIURyKosXADwXsbjHZrzIizhJc7jPZjfIQ_YohCsyIeVwxI5kli0kz2bsz7o3VrfRO2cx-mIsejLeow1muI6MjS48dmhdr8dAgR-4wUF7o22kbR19dXb7z_PTEfkmWnoXQhywGoybMk_gBfn6ybPFaOm6ni4EZ8Nj9qDRbcAnh33OLj9--L78FK--nX9enq1iXKQwxAIEIpRaQJo2WEMhQFaQlRJkWQJv0nIhNQj6G5Z0LKHM87oRScKhyHOdJXP2fJ-39-7XiGFQnQkVtq226MagiqlPEgSBz_4Dr9zo6RdBCV4kMs0p65y93EMb3aIytnGD19UGd72jNjaG3GdU42JRyOnx-A6cVo2dqe7iT2_xhAz4e9iQAlTp-eoWenwodyw7rFXvTaf9tTqoS_GTQ1yHSreN17Yy4QYTCecJTNjTPdZop_SGtFGXawEUo6YU6Y54uyeQVNoa9CpUBm2FtfEkq6qdURzUNJdqN5dqGjolC7WbS3rpL3dD0DY</recordid><startdate>19980701</startdate><enddate>19980701</enddate><creator>BARR, SUSAN I</creator><creator>PRIOR, JERILYNN C</creator><creator>JANELLE, K.CHRISTINA</creator><creator>LENTLE, BRIAN C</creator><general>Elsevier Inc</general><general>Elsevier</general><general>Elsevier Science Publishers</general><general>Elsevier Limited</general><scope>FBQ</scope><scope>IQODW</scope><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>8GL</scope><scope>3V.</scope><scope>7QP</scope><scope>7RV</scope><scope>7TS</scope><scope>7X2</scope><scope>7X7</scope><scope>7XB</scope><scope>88E</scope><scope>88I</scope><scope>8AF</scope><scope>8C1</scope><scope>8FE</scope><scope>8FH</scope><scope>8FI</scope><scope>8FJ</scope><scope>8FK</scope><scope>8G5</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AEUYN</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>ATCPS</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>BHPHI</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>FYUFA</scope><scope>GHDGH</scope><scope>GNUQQ</scope><scope>GUQSH</scope><scope>HCIFZ</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>KB0</scope><scope>M0K</scope><scope>M0S</scope><scope>M1P</scope><scope>M2O</scope><scope>M2P</scope><scope>MBDVC</scope><scope>NAPCQ</scope><scope>PADUT</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>PRINS</scope><scope>Q9U</scope><scope>S0X</scope><scope>7X8</scope></search><sort><creationdate>19980701</creationdate><title>Spinal Bone Mineral Density in Premenopausal Vegetarian and Nonvegetarian Women: Cross-sectional and Prospective Comparisons</title><author>BARR, SUSAN I ; PRIOR, JERILYNN C ; JANELLE, K.CHRISTINA ; LENTLE, BRIAN C</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-e450t-202ee0ba2055fed08209c06b909bb01f5b49a02005ebb49b0b77df23310877a63</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>1998</creationdate><topic>Adult</topic><topic>Analysis of Variance</topic><topic>Anthropometry</topic><topic>Biological and medical sciences</topic><topic>body composition</topic><topic>Body fat</topic><topic>Body Mass Index</topic><topic>body weight</topic><topic>Bone Density</topic><topic>Bones</topic><topic>Clinical trials</topic><topic>Cross-Sectional Studies</topic><topic>Diet, Vegetarian</topic><topic>Female</topic><topic>Follow-Up Studies</topic><topic>height</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Investigative techniques, diagnostic techniques (general aspects)</topic><topic>lifestyle</topic><topic>Lumbar Vertebrae - physiology</topic><topic>Medical sciences</topic><topic>Menopause</topic><topic>Minerals in nutrition</topic><topic>Minerals in the body</topic><topic>nutrient intake</topic><topic>Osteoarticular system. Muscles</topic><topic>Ovulation - physiology</topic><topic>Pathology. Cytology. Biochemistry. Spectrometry. Miscellaneous investigative techniques</topic><topic>Premenopause - physiology</topic><topic>Prospective Studies</topic><topic>Regression Analysis</topic><topic>Space life sciences</topic><topic>Spine</topic><topic>vegetarian diet</topic><topic>Vegetarianism</topic><topic>Vegetarians</topic><topic>vitamin B12</topic><topic>Women</topic><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>BARR, SUSAN I</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>PRIOR, JERILYNN C</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>JANELLE, K.CHRISTINA</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>LENTLE, BRIAN C</creatorcontrib><collection>AGRIS</collection><collection>Pascal-Francis</collection><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>Gale In Context: High School</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Corporate)</collection><collection>Calcium & Calcified Tissue Abstracts</collection><collection>Nursing & Allied Health Database</collection><collection>Physical Education Index</collection><collection>Agricultural Science Collection</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>Medical Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Science Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>STEM Database</collection><collection>Public Health Database</collection><collection>ProQuest SciTech Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Natural Science Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni) (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>Research Library (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Sustainability</collection><collection>ProQuest Central UK/Ireland</collection><collection>Agricultural & Environmental Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Essentials</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>Natural Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest One Community College</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Korea</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection (Alumni)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Student</collection><collection>Research Library Prep</collection><collection>SciTech Premium Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)</collection><collection>Nursing & Allied Health Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Agricultural Science Database</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Medical Database</collection><collection>Research Library</collection><collection>Science Database</collection><collection>Research Library (Corporate)</collection><collection>Nursing & Allied Health Premium</collection><collection>Research Library China</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition</collection><collection>ProQuest Central China</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Basic</collection><collection>SIRS Editorial</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><jtitle>Journal of the American Dietetic Association</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>BARR, SUSAN I</au><au>PRIOR, JERILYNN C</au><au>JANELLE, K.CHRISTINA</au><au>LENTLE, BRIAN C</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Spinal Bone Mineral Density in Premenopausal Vegetarian and Nonvegetarian Women: Cross-sectional and Prospective Comparisons</atitle><jtitle>Journal of the American Dietetic Association</jtitle><addtitle>J Am Diet Assoc</addtitle><date>1998-07-01</date><risdate>1998</risdate><volume>98</volume><issue>7</issue><spage>760</spage><epage>765</epage><pages>760-765</pages><issn>0002-8223</issn><issn>2212-2672</issn><eissn>1878-3570</eissn><eissn>2212-2680</eissn><coden>JADAAE</coden><abstract>Objective To compare spinal bone mineral density (BMD) and 1-year BMD change between premenopausal vegetarian and nonvegetarian women.
Design Cross-sectional comparison of spinal BMD at baseline and prospective comparison of a subsample.
Setting A western Canadian metropolitan area.
Subjects/samples Healthy vegetarian (n=15 lacto-ovo-vegetarian, n=8 vegan) and nonvegetarian (n=22) women aged 20 to 40 years, with regular menstrual cycles and stable body weight completed baseline measurements. Twenty of these women (6 lacto-ovo-vegetarian, 5 vegan, 9 non-vegetarian) participated in repeat measurements at approximately 13 months.
Statistical analyses performed Descriptive statistics, independent sample and paired
t tests, 1-way analysis of variance, correlation analysis, and stepwise multiple regression were used to compare groups and to assess associations with BMD.
Results At baseline, subjects were 27.2±5.1 years old. Vegetarians had lower body mass index (21.1±2.3 vs 22.7±1.9,
P<.05) and percent body fat (24.0±5.5% vs 27.4±5.1%,
P<.05); they also tended to have lower BMD (1.148±0.111 g/cm
2 vs 1.216±0.132 g/cm
2,
P=.06), although this was not apparent with weight as a covariate (
P=.14). Baseline BMD was predicted by vitamin B-12 intake and total body fat (
R
2=.24,
P=.001). Participants in the follow-up differed only in their being older than nonparticipants. Over 1 year, mean BMD increased significantly (1.1%): by diet group, non-vegetarians’ BMD increased but vegetarians’ BMD was unchanged. No other monitored variables were associated with BMD change.
Applications/conclusions Vegetarian women should be aware of links between low BMD and low body weight/body fat, and should maintain adequate intakes of nutrients believed to affect BMD.
J Am Diet Assoc. 1998;98:760-765.</abstract><cop>New York, NY</cop><pub>Elsevier Inc</pub><pmid>9664916</pmid><doi>10.1016/S0002-8223(98)00172-2</doi><tpages>6</tpages></addata></record> |
| fulltext | fulltext |
| identifier | ISSN: 0002-8223 |
| ispartof | Journal of the American Dietetic Association, 1998-07, Vol.98 (7), p.760-765 |
| issn | 0002-8223 2212-2672 1878-3570 2212-2680 |
| language | eng |
| recordid | cdi_proquest_miscellaneous_80002902 |
| source | MEDLINE; Elsevier ScienceDirect Journals |
| subjects | Adult Analysis of Variance Anthropometry Biological and medical sciences body composition Body fat Body Mass Index body weight Bone Density Bones Clinical trials Cross-Sectional Studies Diet, Vegetarian Female Follow-Up Studies height Humans Investigative techniques, diagnostic techniques (general aspects) lifestyle Lumbar Vertebrae - physiology Medical sciences Menopause Minerals in nutrition Minerals in the body nutrient intake Osteoarticular system. Muscles Ovulation - physiology Pathology. Cytology. Biochemistry. Spectrometry. Miscellaneous investigative techniques Premenopause - physiology Prospective Studies Regression Analysis Space life sciences Spine vegetarian diet Vegetarianism Vegetarians vitamin B12 Women |
| title | Spinal Bone Mineral Density in Premenopausal Vegetarian and Nonvegetarian Women: Cross-sectional and Prospective Comparisons |
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