Subsequent reproduction and calf performance of nonpregnant cows compared with pregnant cows and replacement females

This study was conducted with Angus, Polled Hereford and Santa Gertrudis straightbred and crossbred cows. The subsequent cow breeding and calf performance of cows that were nonpregnant (NP) were compared with cows that were pregnant (PG) at the time calves were weaned. All NP cows had a calf the year previous to their being nonpregnant. They were diagnosed as physically sound with no detection (by rectal palpation) of an abnormal reproductive tract. The NP and PG cows were aged 4 to 9 yr. Also, the NP cows were compared with replacement females exposed to calve first as 2- and 3-yr-olds (H2 and H3, respectively), and with cows exposed for second calving as 3-yr-olds (C2). Cows were assigned within breed composition and age to sire breeding groups on pasture. Subsequent calving and weaning rates were similar for NP, PG and H2 cows, similar for H3 and H2 cows and lowest (P less than .05) for C2 cows. Calves from NP and H3 cows were born earlier (P less than .05) in the calving period than calves from PG and H2 cows, whereas calves from C2 cows were born later (P less than .05) than those from NP, PG and H3 cows. Calving difficulty was similar for NP, PG and C2 and greatest (P less than .05) for H2 cows. Calf 205-d weights were highest (P less than .05) for NP, similar for PG and H3 and lowest (P less than .05) for C2 and H2 cows. Calf weaning weight per cow exposed for breeding from NP cows was 13.8, 32.3, 55.2 and 1.0 kg higher than from PG, H2, C2 and H3 cows, respectively. Causes for cows being nonpregnant were reported. Also, calving patterns during 6 consecutive calving periods (6 yr) were evaluated.