Lidocaine iontophoresis for topical anesthesia before intravenous line placement in children

In a double-blind randomized trial including 42 children aged 7 to 18 years, less pain occurred with intravenous placement after iontophoresis of 2% lidocaine with epinephrine, as reported by patients ( p = 0.005), parents ( p = 0.001), intravenous personnel ( p = 0.009), and investigators ( p = 0.0...

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