Postal self-exposure treatment of recurrent nightmares. Randomised controlled trial
Many nightmare sufferers do not consult a health care professional. Though behavior and cognitive therapy can help, they have not been tested as a self-treatment method at home using a manual. One hundred and seventy adults with primary nightmares were randomised to four weeks' self-exposure or...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | British journal of psychiatry 1998-03, Vol.172 (3), p.257-262 |
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| container_title | British journal of psychiatry |
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| creator | Burgess, M Gill, M Marks, I |
| description | Many nightmare sufferers do not consult a health care professional. Though behavior and cognitive therapy can help, they have not been tested as a self-treatment method at home using a manual.
One hundred and seventy adults with primary nightmares were randomised to four weeks' self-exposure or self-relaxation at home using manuals posted to them, or to a waiting-list as a control group for four weeks. Individuals recorded nightmare frequency and intensity in four-week diaries.
At one- and six-month follow-up, the self-rated nightmare frequency fell more significantly in exposure subjects than relaxation or waiting-list subjects. The self-exposure group had the most drop-outs but remained superior in an over-cautious intent-to-treat analysis. The individuals' partners confirmed the superiority of self-exposure to self-relaxation at one- and six-month follow-up.
Recurrent nightmare sufferers improved more with self-exposure manuals than with self-relaxation manuals or by being on a waiting-list. Self-exposure may be needed for longer than four weeks in order to reduce nightmare intensity as well as frequency. Despite a high drop-out rate, some sufferers of other conditions may benefit from self-treatment manuals. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1192/bjp.172.3.257 |
| format | Article |
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One hundred and seventy adults with primary nightmares were randomised to four weeks' self-exposure or self-relaxation at home using manuals posted to them, or to a waiting-list as a control group for four weeks. Individuals recorded nightmare frequency and intensity in four-week diaries.
At one- and six-month follow-up, the self-rated nightmare frequency fell more significantly in exposure subjects than relaxation or waiting-list subjects. The self-exposure group had the most drop-outs but remained superior in an over-cautious intent-to-treat analysis. The individuals' partners confirmed the superiority of self-exposure to self-relaxation at one- and six-month follow-up.
Recurrent nightmare sufferers improved more with self-exposure manuals than with self-relaxation manuals or by being on a waiting-list. Self-exposure may be needed for longer than four weeks in order to reduce nightmare intensity as well as frequency. Despite a high drop-out rate, some sufferers of other conditions may benefit from self-treatment manuals.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0007-1250</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1472-1465</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1192/bjp.172.3.257</identifier><identifier>PMID: 9614476</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>England: RCP</publisher><subject>Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Cognitive ability ; Cognitive therapy ; Cognitive-behavioral factors ; Diaries ; Dreams ; Dropping out ; Female ; Handbooks ; Health behavior ; Health care ; Health services ; Humans ; Male ; Medical personnel ; Medical Records ; Mental health services ; Middle Aged ; Nightmares ; Patient Compliance ; Psychotherapy ; Psychotherapy - methods ; Recurrent ; Relaxation ; Self Care ; Self evaluation ; Self-medication ; Treatment Outcome</subject><ispartof>British journal of psychiatry, 1998-03, Vol.172 (3), p.257-262</ispartof><rights>Copyright © 1998 The Royal College of Psychiatrists</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c298t-ca6602001e23d3b2b632e9e8d40f7a1508ba7285ef061a8e40437e378db23f223</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><link.rule.ids>314,780,784,12844,27342,27922,27923,30997,33772</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9614476$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Burgess, M</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Gill, M</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Marks, I</creatorcontrib><title>Postal self-exposure treatment of recurrent nightmares. Randomised controlled trial</title><title>British journal of psychiatry</title><addtitle>Br J Psychiatry</addtitle><description>Many nightmare sufferers do not consult a health care professional. Though behavior and cognitive therapy can help, they have not been tested as a self-treatment method at home using a manual.
One hundred and seventy adults with primary nightmares were randomised to four weeks' self-exposure or self-relaxation at home using manuals posted to them, or to a waiting-list as a control group for four weeks. Individuals recorded nightmare frequency and intensity in four-week diaries.
At one- and six-month follow-up, the self-rated nightmare frequency fell more significantly in exposure subjects than relaxation or waiting-list subjects. The self-exposure group had the most drop-outs but remained superior in an over-cautious intent-to-treat analysis. The individuals' partners confirmed the superiority of self-exposure to self-relaxation at one- and six-month follow-up.
Recurrent nightmare sufferers improved more with self-exposure manuals than with self-relaxation manuals or by being on a waiting-list. Self-exposure may be needed for longer than four weeks in order to reduce nightmare intensity as well as frequency. Despite a high drop-out rate, some sufferers of other conditions may benefit from self-treatment manuals.</description><subject>Adolescent</subject><subject>Adult</subject><subject>Aged</subject><subject>Cognitive ability</subject><subject>Cognitive therapy</subject><subject>Cognitive-behavioral factors</subject><subject>Diaries</subject><subject>Dreams</subject><subject>Dropping out</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>Handbooks</subject><subject>Health behavior</subject><subject>Health care</subject><subject>Health services</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>Medical personnel</subject><subject>Medical Records</subject><subject>Mental health services</subject><subject>Middle Aged</subject><subject>Nightmares</subject><subject>Patient Compliance</subject><subject>Psychotherapy</subject><subject>Psychotherapy - methods</subject><subject>Recurrent</subject><subject>Relaxation</subject><subject>Self Care</subject><subject>Self evaluation</subject><subject>Self-medication</subject><subject>Treatment Outcome</subject><issn>0007-1250</issn><issn>1472-1465</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>1998</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><sourceid>7QJ</sourceid><sourceid>8G5</sourceid><sourceid>ABUWG</sourceid><sourceid>AFKRA</sourceid><sourceid>AZQEC</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><sourceid>BHHNA</sourceid><sourceid>CCPQU</sourceid><sourceid>DWQXO</sourceid><sourceid>GNUQQ</sourceid><sourceid>GUQSH</sourceid><sourceid>M2O</sourceid><recordid>eNpdkMtLxDAQh4Mouj6OHoWK4K01maRNcxTxBYLi4xzSdup26TY1SVH_e6O7iHiaGebjx8xHyCGjGWMKzqrFmDEJGc8glxtkxoSElIki3yQzSqlMGeR0h-x6v4gjFyC3ybYqmBCymJGnB-uD6ROPfZvix2j95DAJDk1Y4hAS2yYO68m572HoXudhaRz6LHk0Q2OXnccmqe0QnO372AbXmX6fbLWm93iwrnvk5ery-eImvbu_vr04v0trUGVIa1MUFChlCLzhFVQFB1RYNoK20rCclpWRUObY0oKZEgUVXCKXZVMBbwH4Hjld5Y7Ovk3og4731Nj3ZkA7eS2VYoLnMoIn_8CFndwQb9PAS8WlYEpFKl1RtbPeO2z16Lr47admVH-r1lG1jqo11_CTerROnaolNr_02m3cH6_286jtvXOoXT36z3r-J-MLrTqE6w</recordid><startdate>19980301</startdate><enddate>19980301</enddate><creator>Burgess, M</creator><creator>Gill, M</creator><creator>Marks, I</creator><general>RCP</general><general>Cambridge University Press</general><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>0-V</scope><scope>3V.</scope><scope>7QJ</scope><scope>7TK</scope><scope>7U3</scope><scope>7XB</scope><scope>88G</scope><scope>88J</scope><scope>8FI</scope><scope>8FJ</scope><scope>8FK</scope><scope>8G5</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>ALSLI</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>BHHNA</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>FYUFA</scope><scope>GHDGH</scope><scope>GNUQQ</scope><scope>GUQSH</scope><scope>HEHIP</scope><scope>M2M</scope><scope>M2O</scope><scope>M2R</scope><scope>M2S</scope><scope>MBDVC</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>PRINS</scope><scope>PSYQQ</scope><scope>Q9U</scope><scope>7X8</scope></search><sort><creationdate>19980301</creationdate><title>Postal self-exposure treatment of recurrent nightmares. Randomised controlled trial</title><author>Burgess, M ; Gill, M ; Marks, I</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c298t-ca6602001e23d3b2b632e9e8d40f7a1508ba7285ef061a8e40437e378db23f223</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>1998</creationdate><topic>Adolescent</topic><topic>Adult</topic><topic>Aged</topic><topic>Cognitive ability</topic><topic>Cognitive therapy</topic><topic>Cognitive-behavioral factors</topic><topic>Diaries</topic><topic>Dreams</topic><topic>Dropping out</topic><topic>Female</topic><topic>Handbooks</topic><topic>Health behavior</topic><topic>Health care</topic><topic>Health services</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Male</topic><topic>Medical personnel</topic><topic>Medical Records</topic><topic>Mental health services</topic><topic>Middle Aged</topic><topic>Nightmares</topic><topic>Patient Compliance</topic><topic>Psychotherapy</topic><topic>Psychotherapy - methods</topic><topic>Recurrent</topic><topic>Relaxation</topic><topic>Self Care</topic><topic>Self evaluation</topic><topic>Self-medication</topic><topic>Treatment Outcome</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Burgess, M</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Gill, M</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Marks, I</creatorcontrib><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>ProQuest Social Sciences Premium Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Corporate)</collection><collection>Applied Social Sciences Index & Abstracts (ASSIA)</collection><collection>Neurosciences Abstracts</collection><collection>Social Services Abstracts</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>Psychology Database (Alumni)</collection><collection>Social Science Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni) (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>Research Library (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central UK/Ireland</collection><collection>Social Science Premium Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Essentials</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>Sociological Abstracts</collection><collection>ProQuest One Community College</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Korea</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection (Alumni)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Student</collection><collection>Research Library Prep</collection><collection>Sociology Collection</collection><collection>Psychology Database</collection><collection>Research Library</collection><collection>Social Science Database</collection><collection>Sociology Database</collection><collection>Research Library (Corporate)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition</collection><collection>ProQuest Central China</collection><collection>ProQuest One Psychology</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Basic</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><jtitle>British journal of psychiatry</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Burgess, M</au><au>Gill, M</au><au>Marks, I</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Postal self-exposure treatment of recurrent nightmares. Randomised controlled trial</atitle><jtitle>British journal of psychiatry</jtitle><addtitle>Br J Psychiatry</addtitle><date>1998-03-01</date><risdate>1998</risdate><volume>172</volume><issue>3</issue><spage>257</spage><epage>262</epage><pages>257-262</pages><issn>0007-1250</issn><eissn>1472-1465</eissn><abstract>Many nightmare sufferers do not consult a health care professional. Though behavior and cognitive therapy can help, they have not been tested as a self-treatment method at home using a manual.
One hundred and seventy adults with primary nightmares were randomised to four weeks' self-exposure or self-relaxation at home using manuals posted to them, or to a waiting-list as a control group for four weeks. Individuals recorded nightmare frequency and intensity in four-week diaries.
At one- and six-month follow-up, the self-rated nightmare frequency fell more significantly in exposure subjects than relaxation or waiting-list subjects. The self-exposure group had the most drop-outs but remained superior in an over-cautious intent-to-treat analysis. The individuals' partners confirmed the superiority of self-exposure to self-relaxation at one- and six-month follow-up.
Recurrent nightmare sufferers improved more with self-exposure manuals than with self-relaxation manuals or by being on a waiting-list. Self-exposure may be needed for longer than four weeks in order to reduce nightmare intensity as well as frequency. Despite a high drop-out rate, some sufferers of other conditions may benefit from self-treatment manuals.</abstract><cop>England</cop><pub>RCP</pub><pmid>9614476</pmid><doi>10.1192/bjp.172.3.257</doi><tpages>6</tpages></addata></record> |
| fulltext | fulltext |
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| ispartof | British journal of psychiatry, 1998-03, Vol.172 (3), p.257-262 |
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| language | eng |
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| source | MEDLINE; Cambridge Journals; Sociological Abstracts; Applied Social Sciences Index & Abstracts (ASSIA) |
| subjects | Adolescent Adult Aged Cognitive ability Cognitive therapy Cognitive-behavioral factors Diaries Dreams Dropping out Female Handbooks Health behavior Health care Health services Humans Male Medical personnel Medical Records Mental health services Middle Aged Nightmares Patient Compliance Psychotherapy Psychotherapy - methods Recurrent Relaxation Self Care Self evaluation Self-medication Treatment Outcome |
| title | Postal self-exposure treatment of recurrent nightmares. Randomised controlled trial |
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