Feeding lactating primiparous sows to establish three divergent metabolic states. II. Effect on nitrogen partitioning and skeletal muscle composition
We established an experimental model to study nitrogen (N) partitioning in lactating primiparous sows alimented to three levels of nutrient intake. Thirty-six sows fitted with a gastric cannula and fed a 15.4 MJ DE/kg and 18.6% CP diet were allocated to one of three treatments after farrowing: (1) a...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Journal of animal science 1998-04, Vol.76 (4), p.1154-1164 |
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| creator | Clowes, E.J. (University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.) Williams, I.H Baracos, V.E Pluske, J.R Cegielski, A.C Zak, L.J Aherne, F.X |
| description | We established an experimental model to study nitrogen (N) partitioning in lactating primiparous sows alimented to three levels of nutrient intake. Thirty-six sows fitted with a gastric cannula and fed a 15.4 MJ DE/kg and 18.6% CP diet were allocated to one of three treatments after farrowing: (1) ad libitum-fed; (2) restricted-fed to 55% of the ad libitum feed intake; and (3) superalimented to at least 125% of the ad libitum feed intake. These feed intakes were successfully achieved throughout lactation. Nitrogen balance was studied for three 5-d periods starting on d 2, 11, and 19 of lactation, and a triceps muscle biopsy was taken on d 26. For all treatments N intake increased, milk N production increased urinary N losses decreased, but fecal N losses' increased as the 28-d lactation progressed. Restricted-fed sows had the lowest fecal N and urinary losses and mobilized the most maternal protein (-23.0 vs -7.4 +/- 6.5 g N/d for ad libitum-fed sows) during lactation. As a consequence of these economies, and extensive protein mobilization, restricted-fed sows were able to maintain milk N production similar to that of sows on the other treatments. Superalimented sows did not mobilize protein, had the poorest protein digestibility, directed the least digestible N toward milk (40.1 vs 78.3% in restricted-fed sows), and produced amounts of milk N similar to those produced by sows on the other treatments. The treatment differences in N retention measured by N balance were reflected in differences in skeletal muscle variables and urinary creatinine. Skeletal muscle cell size (protein:DNA ratio) and protein synthetic capacity (RNA:DNA ratio) increased in response to feed intake. The protein:DNA ratio increased (P .01) linearly and the RNA:DNA ratio increased (P .05) in a curvilinear manner. These data suggest that primiparous sows partition additional retained N toward their maternal reserves rather than milk N. They also suggest that sows fed inadequate N intakes mainta... |
| doi_str_mv | 10.2527/1998.7641154x |
| format | Article |
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II. Effect on nitrogen partitioning and skeletal muscle composition</title><source>MEDLINE</source><source>Oxford University Press Journals All Titles (1996-Current)</source><creator>Clowes, E.J. (University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.) ; Williams, I.H ; Baracos, V.E ; Pluske, J.R ; Cegielski, A.C ; Zak, L.J ; Aherne, F.X</creator><creatorcontrib>Clowes, E.J. (University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.) ; Williams, I.H ; Baracos, V.E ; Pluske, J.R ; Cegielski, A.C ; Zak, L.J ; Aherne, F.X</creatorcontrib><description>We established an experimental model to study nitrogen (N) partitioning in lactating primiparous sows alimented to three levels of nutrient intake. Thirty-six sows fitted with a gastric cannula and fed a 15.4 MJ DE/kg and 18.6% CP diet were allocated to one of three treatments after farrowing: (1) ad libitum-fed; (2) restricted-fed to 55% of the ad libitum feed intake; and (3) superalimented to at least 125% of the ad libitum feed intake. These feed intakes were successfully achieved throughout lactation. Nitrogen balance was studied for three 5-d periods starting on d 2, 11, and 19 of lactation, and a triceps muscle biopsy was taken on d 26. For all treatments N intake increased, milk N production increased urinary N losses decreased, but fecal N losses' increased as the 28-d lactation progressed. Restricted-fed sows had the lowest fecal N and urinary losses and mobilized the most maternal protein (-23.0 vs -7.4 +/- 6.5 g N/d for ad libitum-fed sows) during lactation. As a consequence of these economies, and extensive protein mobilization, restricted-fed sows were able to maintain milk N production similar to that of sows on the other treatments. Superalimented sows did not mobilize protein, had the poorest protein digestibility, directed the least digestible N toward milk (40.1 vs 78.3% in restricted-fed sows), and produced amounts of milk N similar to those produced by sows on the other treatments. The treatment differences in N retention measured by N balance were reflected in differences in skeletal muscle variables and urinary creatinine. Skeletal muscle cell size (protein:DNA ratio) and protein synthetic capacity (RNA:DNA ratio) increased in response to feed intake. The protein:DNA ratio increased (P .01) linearly and the RNA:DNA ratio increased (P .05) in a curvilinear manner. These data suggest that primiparous sows partition additional retained N toward their maternal reserves rather than milk N. They also suggest that sows fed inadequate N intakes mainta...</description><identifier>ISSN: 0021-8812</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1525-3163</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 0021-8812</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.2527/1998.7641154x</identifier><identifier>PMID: 9581940</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Savoy, IL: Am Soc Animal Sci</publisher><subject>ACIDE AMINE ; ADN ; ALIMENTACION AD LIBITUM ; ALIMENTACION COMPLEMENTARIA ; ALIMENTACION DE LOS ANIMALES ; ALIMENTACION RACIONADA ; ALIMENTATION A SATIETE ; ALIMENTATION COMPLEMENTAIRE ; ALIMENTATION DES ANIMAUX ; ALIMENTATION RATIONNEE ; AMINO ACIDS ; Amino Acids - analysis ; Amino Acids - classification ; Amino Acids - metabolism ; AMINOACIDOS ; Animal Feed - analysis ; ANIMAL FEEDING ; Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena ; Animal productions ; Animal reproduction ; Animals ; ARN ; BALANCE DE ENERGIA ; BILAN ENERGETIQUE ; Biological and medical sciences ; CERDAS ; Cohort Studies ; CONTENIDO DE NITROGENO ; CONTENIDO PROTEICO ; DIGESTIBILIDAD ; DIGESTIBILITE ; DIGESTIBILITY ; DNA ; DNA - analysis ; Eating - physiology ; ENERGY BALANCE ; Energy Metabolism - physiology ; FEED INTAKE ; Female ; Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology ; Hogs ; INGESTION DE PIENSOS ; LACTACION ; LACTATION ; Lactation - physiology ; LAIT ; LECHE ; Metabolism ; METABOLISME DE L'AZOTE ; METABOLISMO DEL NITROGENO ; MILK ; MUSCLE ; Muscle, Skeletal - chemistry ; MUSCLES ; Muscular system ; MUSCULOS ; Nitrogen ; NITROGEN BALANCE ; NITROGEN CONTENT ; NITROGEN METABOLISM ; NITROGEN RETENTION ; Parity ; PRISE ALIMENTAIRE (ANIMAUX) ; PROTEIN CONTENT ; PROTEIN MOBILIZATION ; PROTEIN SYNTHESIS ; Proteins ; Proteins - analysis ; RESTRICTED FEEDING ; RETENCION NITROGENADA ; RETENTION AZOTEE ; RNA ; RNA - analysis ; SINTESIS DE PROTEINAS ; SOWS ; SUPERALIMENTATION ; SUPPLEMENTARY FEEDING ; Swine - metabolism ; SYNTHESE PROTEIQUE ; TENEUR EN AZOTE ; TENEUR EN PROTEINES ; Terrestrial animal productions ; TRUIE ; UNRESTRICTED FEEDING ; Vertebrates</subject><ispartof>Journal of animal science, 1998-04, Vol.76 (4), p.1154-1164</ispartof><rights>1998 INIST-CNRS</rights><rights>Copyright American Society of Animal Science Apr 1998</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c368t-3c75c879089ac38817315f6e911903234c01c353b42ff1ac9135b5df845943283</citedby></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><link.rule.ids>314,780,784,27924,27925</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttp://pascal-francis.inist.fr/vibad/index.php?action=getRecordDetail&idt=2222689$$DView record in Pascal Francis$$Hfree_for_read</backlink><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9581940$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Clowes, E.J. (University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.)</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Williams, I.H</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Baracos, V.E</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Pluske, J.R</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Cegielski, A.C</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Zak, L.J</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Aherne, F.X</creatorcontrib><title>Feeding lactating primiparous sows to establish three divergent metabolic states. II. Effect on nitrogen partitioning and skeletal muscle composition</title><title>Journal of animal science</title><addtitle>J Anim Sci</addtitle><description>We established an experimental model to study nitrogen (N) partitioning in lactating primiparous sows alimented to three levels of nutrient intake. Thirty-six sows fitted with a gastric cannula and fed a 15.4 MJ DE/kg and 18.6% CP diet were allocated to one of three treatments after farrowing: (1) ad libitum-fed; (2) restricted-fed to 55% of the ad libitum feed intake; and (3) superalimented to at least 125% of the ad libitum feed intake. These feed intakes were successfully achieved throughout lactation. Nitrogen balance was studied for three 5-d periods starting on d 2, 11, and 19 of lactation, and a triceps muscle biopsy was taken on d 26. For all treatments N intake increased, milk N production increased urinary N losses decreased, but fecal N losses' increased as the 28-d lactation progressed. Restricted-fed sows had the lowest fecal N and urinary losses and mobilized the most maternal protein (-23.0 vs -7.4 +/- 6.5 g N/d for ad libitum-fed sows) during lactation. As a consequence of these economies, and extensive protein mobilization, restricted-fed sows were able to maintain milk N production similar to that of sows on the other treatments. Superalimented sows did not mobilize protein, had the poorest protein digestibility, directed the least digestible N toward milk (40.1 vs 78.3% in restricted-fed sows), and produced amounts of milk N similar to those produced by sows on the other treatments. The treatment differences in N retention measured by N balance were reflected in differences in skeletal muscle variables and urinary creatinine. Skeletal muscle cell size (protein:DNA ratio) and protein synthetic capacity (RNA:DNA ratio) increased in response to feed intake. The protein:DNA ratio increased (P .01) linearly and the RNA:DNA ratio increased (P .05) in a curvilinear manner. These data suggest that primiparous sows partition additional retained N toward their maternal reserves rather than milk N. They also suggest that sows fed inadequate N intakes mainta...</description><subject>ACIDE AMINE</subject><subject>ADN</subject><subject>ALIMENTACION AD LIBITUM</subject><subject>ALIMENTACION COMPLEMENTARIA</subject><subject>ALIMENTACION DE LOS ANIMALES</subject><subject>ALIMENTACION RACIONADA</subject><subject>ALIMENTATION A SATIETE</subject><subject>ALIMENTATION COMPLEMENTAIRE</subject><subject>ALIMENTATION DES ANIMAUX</subject><subject>ALIMENTATION RATIONNEE</subject><subject>AMINO ACIDS</subject><subject>Amino Acids - analysis</subject><subject>Amino Acids - classification</subject><subject>Amino Acids - metabolism</subject><subject>AMINOACIDOS</subject><subject>Animal Feed - analysis</subject><subject>ANIMAL FEEDING</subject><subject>Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena</subject><subject>Animal productions</subject><subject>Animal reproduction</subject><subject>Animals</subject><subject>ARN</subject><subject>BALANCE DE ENERGIA</subject><subject>BILAN ENERGETIQUE</subject><subject>Biological and medical sciences</subject><subject>CERDAS</subject><subject>Cohort Studies</subject><subject>CONTENIDO DE NITROGENO</subject><subject>CONTENIDO PROTEICO</subject><subject>DIGESTIBILIDAD</subject><subject>DIGESTIBILITE</subject><subject>DIGESTIBILITY</subject><subject>DNA</subject><subject>DNA - analysis</subject><subject>Eating - physiology</subject><subject>ENERGY BALANCE</subject><subject>Energy Metabolism - physiology</subject><subject>FEED INTAKE</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology</subject><subject>Hogs</subject><subject>INGESTION DE PIENSOS</subject><subject>LACTACION</subject><subject>LACTATION</subject><subject>Lactation - physiology</subject><subject>LAIT</subject><subject>LECHE</subject><subject>Metabolism</subject><subject>METABOLISME DE L'AZOTE</subject><subject>METABOLISMO DEL NITROGENO</subject><subject>MILK</subject><subject>MUSCLE</subject><subject>Muscle, Skeletal - chemistry</subject><subject>MUSCLES</subject><subject>Muscular system</subject><subject>MUSCULOS</subject><subject>Nitrogen</subject><subject>NITROGEN BALANCE</subject><subject>NITROGEN CONTENT</subject><subject>NITROGEN METABOLISM</subject><subject>NITROGEN RETENTION</subject><subject>Parity</subject><subject>PRISE ALIMENTAIRE (ANIMAUX)</subject><subject>PROTEIN CONTENT</subject><subject>PROTEIN MOBILIZATION</subject><subject>PROTEIN SYNTHESIS</subject><subject>Proteins</subject><subject>Proteins - analysis</subject><subject>RESTRICTED FEEDING</subject><subject>RETENCION NITROGENADA</subject><subject>RETENTION AZOTEE</subject><subject>RNA</subject><subject>RNA - analysis</subject><subject>SINTESIS DE PROTEINAS</subject><subject>SOWS</subject><subject>SUPERALIMENTATION</subject><subject>SUPPLEMENTARY FEEDING</subject><subject>Swine - metabolism</subject><subject>SYNTHESE PROTEIQUE</subject><subject>TENEUR EN AZOTE</subject><subject>TENEUR EN PROTEINES</subject><subject>Terrestrial animal productions</subject><subject>TRUIE</subject><subject>UNRESTRICTED FEEDING</subject><subject>Vertebrates</subject><issn>0021-8812</issn><issn>1525-3163</issn><issn>0021-8812</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>1998</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><sourceid>8G5</sourceid><sourceid>ABUWG</sourceid><sourceid>AFKRA</sourceid><sourceid>AZQEC</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><sourceid>CCPQU</sourceid><sourceid>DWQXO</sourceid><sourceid>GNUQQ</sourceid><sourceid>GUQSH</sourceid><sourceid>M2O</sourceid><recordid>eNpdkU9v1DAQxSMEKkvhyBHJQohbFo__JPYRVS2sVIkD9Gx5HXvXixMvttPCB-H74tCllfDFlubnN_PmNc1rwGvCSf8BpBTrvmMAnP180qyAE95S6OjTZoUxgVYIIM-bFzkfMAbCJT9rziQXIBleNb-vrB38tENBm6LL8jomP_qjTnHOKMe7jEpENhe9DT7vUdkna9Hgb23a2amg0dZKDN6gihSb12izWaNL56wpKE5o8iXFSqKqWHzxcVp66GlA-bsN9XNA45xNsMjE8RjzX-Rl88zpkO2r033e3Fxdfrv43F5_-bS5-HjdGtqJ0lLTcyN6iYXUhlafPQXuOisBJKaEMoPBUE63jDgH2kigfMsHJxiXjBJBz5v397rHFH_M1aQafTY2BD3Zal_1UjCK-wV8-x94iHOa6myKgABMGKcVau8hk2LOyTq1rFKnXwqwWrJSS1bqX1aVf3MSnbejHR7oUzi1_u5U19no4JKejM8PGKmnE_LRxN7v9nc-WZVHHUIVBXXQue8UU0vDx35OR6V3qWrdfK0jSYxFTwX9A_Tksp4</recordid><startdate>19980401</startdate><enddate>19980401</enddate><creator>Clowes, E.J. (University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.)</creator><creator>Williams, I.H</creator><creator>Baracos, V.E</creator><creator>Pluske, J.R</creator><creator>Cegielski, A.C</creator><creator>Zak, L.J</creator><creator>Aherne, F.X</creator><general>Am Soc Animal Sci</general><general>American Society of Animal Science</general><general>Oxford University Press</general><scope>FBQ</scope><scope>IQODW</scope><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>3V.</scope><scope>7RQ</scope><scope>7X2</scope><scope>7X7</scope><scope>7XB</scope><scope>88A</scope><scope>88E</scope><scope>88I</scope><scope>8AF</scope><scope>8FE</scope><scope>8FG</scope><scope>8FH</scope><scope>8FI</scope><scope>8FJ</scope><scope>8FK</scope><scope>8G5</scope><scope>ABJCF</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>ATCPS</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BBNVY</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>BGLVJ</scope><scope>BHPHI</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>FYUFA</scope><scope>GHDGH</scope><scope>GNUQQ</scope><scope>GUQSH</scope><scope>HCIFZ</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>L6V</scope><scope>LK8</scope><scope>M0K</scope><scope>M0S</scope><scope>M1P</scope><scope>M2O</scope><scope>M2P</scope><scope>M7P</scope><scope>M7S</scope><scope>MBDVC</scope><scope>PATMY</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>PRINS</scope><scope>PTHSS</scope><scope>PYCSY</scope><scope>Q9U</scope><scope>S0X</scope><scope>U9A</scope><scope>7X8</scope></search><sort><creationdate>19980401</creationdate><title>Feeding lactating primiparous sows to establish three divergent metabolic states. II. Effect on nitrogen partitioning and skeletal muscle composition</title><author>Clowes, E.J. (University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.) ; Williams, I.H ; Baracos, V.E ; Pluske, J.R ; Cegielski, A.C ; Zak, L.J ; Aherne, F.X</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c368t-3c75c879089ac38817315f6e911903234c01c353b42ff1ac9135b5df845943283</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>1998</creationdate><topic>ACIDE AMINE</topic><topic>ADN</topic><topic>ALIMENTACION AD LIBITUM</topic><topic>ALIMENTACION COMPLEMENTARIA</topic><topic>ALIMENTACION DE LOS ANIMALES</topic><topic>ALIMENTACION RACIONADA</topic><topic>ALIMENTATION A SATIETE</topic><topic>ALIMENTATION COMPLEMENTAIRE</topic><topic>ALIMENTATION DES ANIMAUX</topic><topic>ALIMENTATION RATIONNEE</topic><topic>AMINO ACIDS</topic><topic>Amino Acids - analysis</topic><topic>Amino Acids - classification</topic><topic>Amino Acids - metabolism</topic><topic>AMINOACIDOS</topic><topic>Animal Feed - analysis</topic><topic>ANIMAL FEEDING</topic><topic>Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena</topic><topic>Animal productions</topic><topic>Animal reproduction</topic><topic>Animals</topic><topic>ARN</topic><topic>BALANCE DE ENERGIA</topic><topic>BILAN ENERGETIQUE</topic><topic>Biological and medical sciences</topic><topic>CERDAS</topic><topic>Cohort Studies</topic><topic>CONTENIDO DE NITROGENO</topic><topic>CONTENIDO PROTEICO</topic><topic>DIGESTIBILIDAD</topic><topic>DIGESTIBILITE</topic><topic>DIGESTIBILITY</topic><topic>DNA</topic><topic>DNA - analysis</topic><topic>Eating - physiology</topic><topic>ENERGY BALANCE</topic><topic>Energy Metabolism - physiology</topic><topic>FEED INTAKE</topic><topic>Female</topic><topic>Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology</topic><topic>Hogs</topic><topic>INGESTION DE PIENSOS</topic><topic>LACTACION</topic><topic>LACTATION</topic><topic>Lactation - physiology</topic><topic>LAIT</topic><topic>LECHE</topic><topic>Metabolism</topic><topic>METABOLISME DE L'AZOTE</topic><topic>METABOLISMO DEL NITROGENO</topic><topic>MILK</topic><topic>MUSCLE</topic><topic>Muscle, Skeletal - chemistry</topic><topic>MUSCLES</topic><topic>Muscular system</topic><topic>MUSCULOS</topic><topic>Nitrogen</topic><topic>NITROGEN BALANCE</topic><topic>NITROGEN CONTENT</topic><topic>NITROGEN METABOLISM</topic><topic>NITROGEN RETENTION</topic><topic>Parity</topic><topic>PRISE ALIMENTAIRE (ANIMAUX)</topic><topic>PROTEIN CONTENT</topic><topic>PROTEIN MOBILIZATION</topic><topic>PROTEIN SYNTHESIS</topic><topic>Proteins</topic><topic>Proteins - analysis</topic><topic>RESTRICTED FEEDING</topic><topic>RETENCION NITROGENADA</topic><topic>RETENTION AZOTEE</topic><topic>RNA</topic><topic>RNA - analysis</topic><topic>SINTESIS DE PROTEINAS</topic><topic>SOWS</topic><topic>SUPERALIMENTATION</topic><topic>SUPPLEMENTARY FEEDING</topic><topic>Swine - metabolism</topic><topic>SYNTHESE PROTEIQUE</topic><topic>TENEUR EN AZOTE</topic><topic>TENEUR EN PROTEINES</topic><topic>Terrestrial animal productions</topic><topic>TRUIE</topic><topic>UNRESTRICTED FEEDING</topic><topic>Vertebrates</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Clowes, E.J. (University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.)</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Williams, I.H</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Baracos, V.E</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Pluske, J.R</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Cegielski, A.C</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Zak, L.J</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Aherne, F.X</creatorcontrib><collection>AGRIS</collection><collection>Pascal-Francis</collection><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Corporate)</collection><collection>ProQuest Career & Technical Education Database</collection><collection>Agricultural Science Collection</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>Biology Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Medical Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Science Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>STEM Database</collection><collection>ProQuest SciTech Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Technology Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Natural Science Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni) (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>Research Library (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Materials Science & Engineering Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>Agricultural & Environmental Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Essentials</collection><collection>Biological Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>Technology Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Natural Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest One Community College</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Korea</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection (Alumni)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Student</collection><collection>Research Library Prep</collection><collection>SciTech Premium Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)</collection><collection>ProQuest Engineering Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Biological Science Collection</collection><collection>Agriculture Science Database</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>PML(ProQuest Medical Library)</collection><collection>ProQuest research library</collection><collection>ProQuest Science Journals</collection><collection>Biological Science Database</collection><collection>Engineering Database</collection><collection>Research Library (Corporate)</collection><collection>Environmental Science Database</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition</collection><collection>ProQuest Central China</collection><collection>Engineering Collection</collection><collection>Environmental Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Basic</collection><collection>SIRS Editorial</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><jtitle>Journal of animal science</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Clowes, E.J. (University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.)</au><au>Williams, I.H</au><au>Baracos, V.E</au><au>Pluske, J.R</au><au>Cegielski, A.C</au><au>Zak, L.J</au><au>Aherne, F.X</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Feeding lactating primiparous sows to establish three divergent metabolic states. II. Effect on nitrogen partitioning and skeletal muscle composition</atitle><jtitle>Journal of animal science</jtitle><addtitle>J Anim Sci</addtitle><date>1998-04-01</date><risdate>1998</risdate><volume>76</volume><issue>4</issue><spage>1154</spage><epage>1164</epage><pages>1154-1164</pages><issn>0021-8812</issn><eissn>1525-3163</eissn><eissn>0021-8812</eissn><abstract>We established an experimental model to study nitrogen (N) partitioning in lactating primiparous sows alimented to three levels of nutrient intake. Thirty-six sows fitted with a gastric cannula and fed a 15.4 MJ DE/kg and 18.6% CP diet were allocated to one of three treatments after farrowing: (1) ad libitum-fed; (2) restricted-fed to 55% of the ad libitum feed intake; and (3) superalimented to at least 125% of the ad libitum feed intake. These feed intakes were successfully achieved throughout lactation. Nitrogen balance was studied for three 5-d periods starting on d 2, 11, and 19 of lactation, and a triceps muscle biopsy was taken on d 26. For all treatments N intake increased, milk N production increased urinary N losses decreased, but fecal N losses' increased as the 28-d lactation progressed. Restricted-fed sows had the lowest fecal N and urinary losses and mobilized the most maternal protein (-23.0 vs -7.4 +/- 6.5 g N/d for ad libitum-fed sows) during lactation. As a consequence of these economies, and extensive protein mobilization, restricted-fed sows were able to maintain milk N production similar to that of sows on the other treatments. Superalimented sows did not mobilize protein, had the poorest protein digestibility, directed the least digestible N toward milk (40.1 vs 78.3% in restricted-fed sows), and produced amounts of milk N similar to those produced by sows on the other treatments. The treatment differences in N retention measured by N balance were reflected in differences in skeletal muscle variables and urinary creatinine. Skeletal muscle cell size (protein:DNA ratio) and protein synthetic capacity (RNA:DNA ratio) increased in response to feed intake. The protein:DNA ratio increased (P .01) linearly and the RNA:DNA ratio increased (P .05) in a curvilinear manner. These data suggest that primiparous sows partition additional retained N toward their maternal reserves rather than milk N. They also suggest that sows fed inadequate N intakes mainta...</abstract><cop>Savoy, IL</cop><pub>Am Soc Animal Sci</pub><pmid>9581940</pmid><doi>10.2527/1998.7641154x</doi><tpages>11</tpages><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
| fulltext | fulltext |
| identifier | ISSN: 0021-8812 |
| ispartof | Journal of animal science, 1998-04, Vol.76 (4), p.1154-1164 |
| issn | 0021-8812 1525-3163 0021-8812 |
| language | eng |
| recordid | cdi_proquest_miscellaneous_79843078 |
| source | MEDLINE; Oxford University Press Journals All Titles (1996-Current) |
| subjects | ACIDE AMINE ADN ALIMENTACION AD LIBITUM ALIMENTACION COMPLEMENTARIA ALIMENTACION DE LOS ANIMALES ALIMENTACION RACIONADA ALIMENTATION A SATIETE ALIMENTATION COMPLEMENTAIRE ALIMENTATION DES ANIMAUX ALIMENTATION RATIONNEE AMINO ACIDS Amino Acids - analysis Amino Acids - classification Amino Acids - metabolism AMINOACIDOS Animal Feed - analysis ANIMAL FEEDING Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena Animal productions Animal reproduction Animals ARN BALANCE DE ENERGIA BILAN ENERGETIQUE Biological and medical sciences CERDAS Cohort Studies CONTENIDO DE NITROGENO CONTENIDO PROTEICO DIGESTIBILIDAD DIGESTIBILITE DIGESTIBILITY DNA DNA - analysis Eating - physiology ENERGY BALANCE Energy Metabolism - physiology FEED INTAKE Female Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology Hogs INGESTION DE PIENSOS LACTACION LACTATION Lactation - physiology LAIT LECHE Metabolism METABOLISME DE L'AZOTE METABOLISMO DEL NITROGENO MILK MUSCLE Muscle, Skeletal - chemistry MUSCLES Muscular system MUSCULOS Nitrogen NITROGEN BALANCE NITROGEN CONTENT NITROGEN METABOLISM NITROGEN RETENTION Parity PRISE ALIMENTAIRE (ANIMAUX) PROTEIN CONTENT PROTEIN MOBILIZATION PROTEIN SYNTHESIS Proteins Proteins - analysis RESTRICTED FEEDING RETENCION NITROGENADA RETENTION AZOTEE RNA RNA - analysis SINTESIS DE PROTEINAS SOWS SUPERALIMENTATION SUPPLEMENTARY FEEDING Swine - metabolism SYNTHESE PROTEIQUE TENEUR EN AZOTE TENEUR EN PROTEINES Terrestrial animal productions TRUIE UNRESTRICTED FEEDING Vertebrates |
| title | Feeding lactating primiparous sows to establish three divergent metabolic states. II. Effect on nitrogen partitioning and skeletal muscle composition |
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