Is schizophrenia the price that Homo sapiens pays for language?
The dichotomy between schizophrenia and manic-depressive illness is, as E. Kraepelin suspected, flawed; no unequivocal separation can be achieved. There are no categories of psychosis, but only continua of variation. However, the definition of nuclear symptoms by K. Schneider reveals the fundamental...
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Veröffentlicht in: | Schizophrenia research 1997-12, Vol.28 (2), p.127-141 |
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description | The dichotomy between schizophrenia and manic-depressive illness is, as E. Kraepelin suspected, flawed; no unequivocal separation can be achieved. There are no categories of psychosis, but only continua of variation. However, the definition of nuclear symptoms by K. Schneider reveals the fundamental characteristics of the core syndrome—it is independent of the environment and constant in incidence across populations that have been separated for thousands of years. The associated genetic variation must be as old as
Homo sapiens and represent a component of diversity that crosses the population as a whole. The fecundity disadvantage that accompanies the syndrome requires a balance in a substantial and universal advantage; this advantage, it is proposed, is the speciation characteristic of language; language and psychosis have a common evolutionary origin. Language, it is suggested, originated in a critical change on the sex chromosomes (the ‘speciation event’—the genetic change that defined the species) occurring in East Africa between 100 and 250 thousand years ago that allowed the two hemispheres to develop with a degree of independence. Language can be understood as bi-hemispheric with one component function—a linear output sequence—confined to the dominant hemisphere—and a second—parallel distributed sampling occurring mainly in the non-dominant hemisphere. This mechanism provides an account of the generativity of language. The significance of nuclear symptoms is that these reflect a breakdown of bi-hemispheric coordination of language, perhaps specifically of the process of ‘indexicalisation’ (the distinction between ‘I’ and ‘you’) of self- versus other-generated references. Nuclear symptoms can be described as ‘language at the end of its tether’; the phenomena and population characteristics of the nuclear syndrome of schizophrenia thus yield clues to the origin of the species. |
doi_str_mv | 10.1016/S0920-9964(97)00110-2 |
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Homo sapiens and represent a component of diversity that crosses the population as a whole. The fecundity disadvantage that accompanies the syndrome requires a balance in a substantial and universal advantage; this advantage, it is proposed, is the speciation characteristic of language; language and psychosis have a common evolutionary origin. Language, it is suggested, originated in a critical change on the sex chromosomes (the ‘speciation event’—the genetic change that defined the species) occurring in East Africa between 100 and 250 thousand years ago that allowed the two hemispheres to develop with a degree of independence. Language can be understood as bi-hemispheric with one component function—a linear output sequence—confined to the dominant hemisphere—and a second—parallel distributed sampling occurring mainly in the non-dominant hemisphere. This mechanism provides an account of the generativity of language. The significance of nuclear symptoms is that these reflect a breakdown of bi-hemispheric coordination of language, perhaps specifically of the process of ‘indexicalisation’ (the distinction between ‘I’ and ‘you’) of self- versus other-generated references. 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Psychiatry</subject><subject>Psychoses</subject><subject>Schizophrenia</subject><subject>Schizophrenia - epidemiology</subject><subject>Schizophrenia - genetics</subject><subject>Schizophrenia - physiopathology</subject><subject>Selection, Genetic</subject><subject>Sex Chromosomes - genetics</subject><subject>Space Perception - physiology</subject><subject>Speciation</subject><subject>Species Specificity</subject><subject>Speech Perception - physiology</subject><issn>0920-9964</issn><issn>1573-2509</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>1997</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><recordid>eNqFkEtLAzEQgIMotVZ_grAHET2sJrt5nooUtYWCB_Uc0uykjbTdNdkV6q83fdCrpxmYb14fQtcEPxBM-OM7VgXOleL0Tol7jAnBeXGC-oSJMi8YVqeof0TO0UWMXzhRDIse6inKZUllHw0nMYt24X_rZhFg7U3WLiBrgreQMtNm43pVZ9E0HtYxa8wmZq4O2dKs552Zw_ASnTmzjHB1iAP0-fL8MRrn07fXyehpmltKSZtbJk3BCFHlrOKSzLgAK610XFLBnRMUs5kgpLDMQckkw06WBiiGKn2AwZYDdLuf24T6u4PY6pWPFpbpEKi7qIViTBJWJpDtQRvqGAM4nZ5ZmbDRBOutOL0Tp7dWtBJ6J04Xqe_6sKCbraA6dh1MpfrNoW6iNUsXzNr6eMQKwkvKWcKGewySjB8PQUeb1FmofADb6qr2_xzyBwjUiKA</recordid><startdate>19971219</startdate><enddate>19971219</enddate><creator>Crow, Timothy J.</creator><general>Elsevier B.V</general><general>Elsevier Science</general><scope>IQODW</scope><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7X8</scope></search><sort><creationdate>19971219</creationdate><title>Is schizophrenia the price that Homo sapiens pays for language?</title><author>Crow, Timothy J.</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c441t-c58a251193bd681b67ec8c8f68476ff7405b7112c5fe35850f83ae40ed9200ec3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>1997</creationdate><topic>Adult and adolescent clinical studies</topic><topic>Biological and medical sciences</topic><topic>Biological Evolution</topic><topic>Cerebral Cortex - physiology</topic><topic>Dominance</topic><topic>Dominance, Cerebral - genetics</topic><topic>Dominance, Cerebral - physiology</topic><topic>Emigration and Immigration</topic><topic>Global Health</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Language</topic><topic>Medical sciences</topic><topic>Nuclear</topic><topic>Psychology. Psychoanalysis. Psychiatry</topic><topic>Psychopathology. Psychiatry</topic><topic>Psychoses</topic><topic>Schizophrenia</topic><topic>Schizophrenia - epidemiology</topic><topic>Schizophrenia - genetics</topic><topic>Schizophrenia - physiopathology</topic><topic>Selection, Genetic</topic><topic>Sex Chromosomes - genetics</topic><topic>Space Perception - physiology</topic><topic>Speciation</topic><topic>Species Specificity</topic><topic>Speech Perception - physiology</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Crow, Timothy J.</creatorcontrib><collection>Pascal-Francis</collection><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><jtitle>Schizophrenia research</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Crow, Timothy J.</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Is schizophrenia the price that Homo sapiens pays for language?</atitle><jtitle>Schizophrenia research</jtitle><addtitle>Schizophr Res</addtitle><date>1997-12-19</date><risdate>1997</risdate><volume>28</volume><issue>2</issue><spage>127</spage><epage>141</epage><pages>127-141</pages><issn>0920-9964</issn><eissn>1573-2509</eissn><abstract>The dichotomy between schizophrenia and manic-depressive illness is, as E. 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Homo sapiens and represent a component of diversity that crosses the population as a whole. The fecundity disadvantage that accompanies the syndrome requires a balance in a substantial and universal advantage; this advantage, it is proposed, is the speciation characteristic of language; language and psychosis have a common evolutionary origin. Language, it is suggested, originated in a critical change on the sex chromosomes (the ‘speciation event’—the genetic change that defined the species) occurring in East Africa between 100 and 250 thousand years ago that allowed the two hemispheres to develop with a degree of independence. Language can be understood as bi-hemispheric with one component function—a linear output sequence—confined to the dominant hemisphere—and a second—parallel distributed sampling occurring mainly in the non-dominant hemisphere. This mechanism provides an account of the generativity of language. The significance of nuclear symptoms is that these reflect a breakdown of bi-hemispheric coordination of language, perhaps specifically of the process of ‘indexicalisation’ (the distinction between ‘I’ and ‘you’) of self- versus other-generated references. Nuclear symptoms can be described as ‘language at the end of its tether’; the phenomena and population characteristics of the nuclear syndrome of schizophrenia thus yield clues to the origin of the species.</abstract><cop>Amsterdam</cop><pub>Elsevier B.V</pub><pmid>9468348</pmid><doi>10.1016/S0920-9964(97)00110-2</doi><tpages>15</tpages></addata></record> |
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subjects | Adult and adolescent clinical studies Biological and medical sciences Biological Evolution Cerebral Cortex - physiology Dominance Dominance, Cerebral - genetics Dominance, Cerebral - physiology Emigration and Immigration Global Health Humans Language Medical sciences Nuclear Psychology. Psychoanalysis. Psychiatry Psychopathology. Psychiatry Psychoses Schizophrenia Schizophrenia - epidemiology Schizophrenia - genetics Schizophrenia - physiopathology Selection, Genetic Sex Chromosomes - genetics Space Perception - physiology Speciation Species Specificity Speech Perception - physiology |
title | Is schizophrenia the price that Homo sapiens pays for language? |
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