Chronic heat stress and prenatal development in sheep. I. Conceptus growth and maternal plasma hormones and metabolites

Pregnant ewes were chronically exposed to thermoneutral (TN; 20 degrees C, 30% relative humidity) or hot (H; 40 degrees C 9 h/d, 30 degrees C 15 h/d, 40% relative humidity) environments between d 64 and 136 to 141 of pregnancy. They were sampled for blood at 14-d intervals during this period for mea...

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Veröffentlicht in:Journal of animal science 1989-12, Vol.67 (12), p.3289-3299
Hauptverfasser: Bell, A.W. (Cornell University, Ithaca, NY), McBride, B.W, Slepetis, R, Early, R.J, Currie, W.B
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container_end_page 3299
container_issue 12
container_start_page 3289
container_title Journal of animal science
container_volume 67
creator Bell, A.W. (Cornell University, Ithaca, NY)
McBride, B.W
Slepetis, R
Early, R.J
Currie, W.B
description Pregnant ewes were chronically exposed to thermoneutral (TN; 20 degrees C, 30% relative humidity) or hot (H; 40 degrees C 9 h/d, 30 degrees C 15 h/d, 40% relative humidity) environments between d 64 and 136 to 141 of pregnancy. They were sampled for blood at 14-d intervals during this period for measurement of plasma metabolites and hormones, then slaughtered and dissected to measure conceptus weights, dimensions and fetal organ weights. Rectal temperatures of H ewes were elevated .3 to 1.0 C degrees above those of TN ewes throughout the experiment. Voluntary feed intakes were not altered by heat exposure except after 120 d of pregnancy, when feed intake was about 25% lower (P less than .10) by H than by TN ewes. Blood 3-hydroxybutyrate concentrations were not affected by heat, but plasma glucose concentrations were greater in H than in TN animals after 120 d (P less than .05). Placental weight, reduced by 54% (P less than .001) by heat exposure of ewes, was correlated positively with fetal weight and correlated negatively with fetal/placental weight ratio, fetal brain/liver weight ratio and fetal relative heart weight. Late in pregnancy, plasma concentrations of progesterone, cortisol and placental lactogen were reduced (P less than .01) in H ewes, whereas triiodothyronine levels were markedly lower (P less than .03) at all stages of pregnancy. Plasma concentrations of prolactin were elevated dramatically (P less than .01) and a modest increase (P less than .03) in somatotropin levels was recorded in H ewes. These results are consistent with our hypothesis that heat-induced fetal growth retardation is secondary to a primary reduction in placental growth; this could be mediated partly by reduced peripheral activity of thyroid hormones. Heat-induced reductions in secretion of progesterone and ovine placental lactogen more likely were a consequence than a cause of placental stunting.
doi_str_mv 10.2527/jas1989.67123289x
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Voluntary feed intakes were not altered by heat exposure except after 120 d of pregnancy, when feed intake was about 25% lower (P less than .10) by H than by TN ewes. Blood 3-hydroxybutyrate concentrations were not affected by heat, but plasma glucose concentrations were greater in H than in TN animals after 120 d (P less than .05). Placental weight, reduced by 54% (P less than .001) by heat exposure of ewes, was correlated positively with fetal weight and correlated negatively with fetal/placental weight ratio, fetal brain/liver weight ratio and fetal relative heart weight. Late in pregnancy, plasma concentrations of progesterone, cortisol and placental lactogen were reduced (P less than .01) in H ewes, whereas triiodothyronine levels were markedly lower (P less than .03) at all stages of pregnancy. Plasma concentrations of prolactin were elevated dramatically (P less than .01) and a modest increase (P less than .03) in somatotropin levels was recorded in H ewes. These results are consistent with our hypothesis that heat-induced fetal growth retardation is secondary to a primary reduction in placental growth; this could be mediated partly by reduced peripheral activity of thyroid hormones. Heat-induced reductions in secretion of progesterone and ovine placental lactogen more likely were a consequence than a cause of placental stunting.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0021-8812</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1525-3163</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 0021-8812</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.2527/jas1989.67123289x</identifier><identifier>PMID: 2613577</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>United States: Am Soc Animal Sci</publisher><subject>Animals ; Body Temperature ; BREBIS ; CALOR ; CHALEUR ; CRECIMIENTO ; CROISSANCE ; Eating ; Embryonic and Fetal Development ; Estradiol - blood ; EWES ; Female ; FETO ; FOETUS ; GESTACION ; GESTATION ; GROWTH ; HEAT ; HORMONAS ; HORMONE ; HORMONES ; Hormones - blood ; Hot Temperature ; Hydrocortisone - blood ; Litter Size ; METABOLITE ; METABOLITES ; METABOLITOS ; OVEJA ; PLACENTA ; Placentation ; PREGNANCY ; Pregnancy Complications - blood ; Pregnancy Complications - metabolism ; Pregnancy Complications - veterinary ; Progesterone - blood ; Sheep ; Sheep Diseases - blood ; Sheep Diseases - metabolism ; STRESS ; Stress, Physiological - blood ; Stress, Physiological - metabolism ; Stress, Physiological - veterinary ; Thyroxine - blood ; Weight Gain</subject><ispartof>Journal of animal science, 1989-12, Vol.67 (12), p.3289-3299</ispartof><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c328t-5aaa3ddaa01d79c83f66d6376912bdd40e83a8ddbacc2efeebe1b3afd884af3f3</citedby></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><link.rule.ids>314,780,784,27924,27925</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2613577$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Bell, A.W. (Cornell University, Ithaca, NY)</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>McBride, B.W</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Slepetis, R</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Early, R.J</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Currie, W.B</creatorcontrib><title>Chronic heat stress and prenatal development in sheep. I. Conceptus growth and maternal plasma hormones and metabolites</title><title>Journal of animal science</title><addtitle>J Anim Sci</addtitle><description>Pregnant ewes were chronically exposed to thermoneutral (TN; 20 degrees C, 30% relative humidity) or hot (H; 40 degrees C 9 h/d, 30 degrees C 15 h/d, 40% relative humidity) environments between d 64 and 136 to 141 of pregnancy. They were sampled for blood at 14-d intervals during this period for measurement of plasma metabolites and hormones, then slaughtered and dissected to measure conceptus weights, dimensions and fetal organ weights. Rectal temperatures of H ewes were elevated .3 to 1.0 C degrees above those of TN ewes throughout the experiment. Voluntary feed intakes were not altered by heat exposure except after 120 d of pregnancy, when feed intake was about 25% lower (P less than .10) by H than by TN ewes. Blood 3-hydroxybutyrate concentrations were not affected by heat, but plasma glucose concentrations were greater in H than in TN animals after 120 d (P less than .05). Placental weight, reduced by 54% (P less than .001) by heat exposure of ewes, was correlated positively with fetal weight and correlated negatively with fetal/placental weight ratio, fetal brain/liver weight ratio and fetal relative heart weight. Late in pregnancy, plasma concentrations of progesterone, cortisol and placental lactogen were reduced (P less than .01) in H ewes, whereas triiodothyronine levels were markedly lower (P less than .03) at all stages of pregnancy. Plasma concentrations of prolactin were elevated dramatically (P less than .01) and a modest increase (P less than .03) in somatotropin levels was recorded in H ewes. These results are consistent with our hypothesis that heat-induced fetal growth retardation is secondary to a primary reduction in placental growth; this could be mediated partly by reduced peripheral activity of thyroid hormones. Heat-induced reductions in secretion of progesterone and ovine placental lactogen more likely were a consequence than a cause of placental stunting.</description><subject>Animals</subject><subject>Body Temperature</subject><subject>BREBIS</subject><subject>CALOR</subject><subject>CHALEUR</subject><subject>CRECIMIENTO</subject><subject>CROISSANCE</subject><subject>Eating</subject><subject>Embryonic and Fetal Development</subject><subject>Estradiol - blood</subject><subject>EWES</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>FETO</subject><subject>FOETUS</subject><subject>GESTACION</subject><subject>GESTATION</subject><subject>GROWTH</subject><subject>HEAT</subject><subject>HORMONAS</subject><subject>HORMONE</subject><subject>HORMONES</subject><subject>Hormones - blood</subject><subject>Hot Temperature</subject><subject>Hydrocortisone - blood</subject><subject>Litter Size</subject><subject>METABOLITE</subject><subject>METABOLITES</subject><subject>METABOLITOS</subject><subject>OVEJA</subject><subject>PLACENTA</subject><subject>Placentation</subject><subject>PREGNANCY</subject><subject>Pregnancy Complications - blood</subject><subject>Pregnancy Complications - metabolism</subject><subject>Pregnancy Complications - veterinary</subject><subject>Progesterone - blood</subject><subject>Sheep</subject><subject>Sheep Diseases - blood</subject><subject>Sheep Diseases - metabolism</subject><subject>STRESS</subject><subject>Stress, Physiological - blood</subject><subject>Stress, Physiological - metabolism</subject><subject>Stress, Physiological - veterinary</subject><subject>Thyroxine - blood</subject><subject>Weight Gain</subject><issn>0021-8812</issn><issn>1525-3163</issn><issn>0021-8812</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>1989</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><recordid>eNo9kEtr3DAURkVpSSdpf0AKBa2alad62LK8LEMfgUAXadbi2roeO8iSK2kyzb-vJx6y0uKe74AOIdecbUUl6q-PkHijm62quZBCN__ekA2vRFVIruRbsmFM8EJrLt6Ty5QeGeOiaqoLciEUl1Vdb8hxN8Tgx44OCJmmHDElCt7SOaKHDI5afEIX5gl9pqOnaUCct_R2S3fBdzjnQ6L7GI55eJlNkDH6ZTY7SBPQIcQpeFydE2Zogxszpg_kXQ8u4cfze0Uefnz_s_tV3P3-ebv7dld0y39yUQGAtBaAcVs3nZa9UlbJWjVctNaWDLUEbW0LXSewR2yRtxJ6q3UJvezlFfmyeucY_h4wZTONqUPnwGM4JFM3ZSkUkwvIV7CLIaWIvZnjOEF8NpyZU2xzjm1eYy-bz2f5oZ3Qvi7OdZf7zXofxv1wHCOaJYlzC81PNlUbLsxJtZCfVrKHYGAfx2Qe7hsmZKlL-R88XpR6</recordid><startdate>198912</startdate><enddate>198912</enddate><creator>Bell, A.W. (Cornell University, Ithaca, NY)</creator><creator>McBride, B.W</creator><creator>Slepetis, R</creator><creator>Early, R.J</creator><creator>Currie, W.B</creator><general>Am Soc Animal Sci</general><scope>FBQ</scope><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7X8</scope></search><sort><creationdate>198912</creationdate><title>Chronic heat stress and prenatal development in sheep. I. Conceptus growth and maternal plasma hormones and metabolites</title><author>Bell, A.W. (Cornell University, Ithaca, NY) ; McBride, B.W ; Slepetis, R ; Early, R.J ; Currie, W.B</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c328t-5aaa3ddaa01d79c83f66d6376912bdd40e83a8ddbacc2efeebe1b3afd884af3f3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>1989</creationdate><topic>Animals</topic><topic>Body Temperature</topic><topic>BREBIS</topic><topic>CALOR</topic><topic>CHALEUR</topic><topic>CRECIMIENTO</topic><topic>CROISSANCE</topic><topic>Eating</topic><topic>Embryonic and Fetal Development</topic><topic>Estradiol - blood</topic><topic>EWES</topic><topic>Female</topic><topic>FETO</topic><topic>FOETUS</topic><topic>GESTACION</topic><topic>GESTATION</topic><topic>GROWTH</topic><topic>HEAT</topic><topic>HORMONAS</topic><topic>HORMONE</topic><topic>HORMONES</topic><topic>Hormones - blood</topic><topic>Hot Temperature</topic><topic>Hydrocortisone - blood</topic><topic>Litter Size</topic><topic>METABOLITE</topic><topic>METABOLITES</topic><topic>METABOLITOS</topic><topic>OVEJA</topic><topic>PLACENTA</topic><topic>Placentation</topic><topic>PREGNANCY</topic><topic>Pregnancy Complications - blood</topic><topic>Pregnancy Complications - metabolism</topic><topic>Pregnancy Complications - veterinary</topic><topic>Progesterone - blood</topic><topic>Sheep</topic><topic>Sheep Diseases - blood</topic><topic>Sheep Diseases - metabolism</topic><topic>STRESS</topic><topic>Stress, Physiological - blood</topic><topic>Stress, Physiological - metabolism</topic><topic>Stress, Physiological - veterinary</topic><topic>Thyroxine - blood</topic><topic>Weight Gain</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Bell, A.W. (Cornell University, Ithaca, NY)</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>McBride, B.W</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Slepetis, R</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Early, R.J</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Currie, W.B</creatorcontrib><collection>AGRIS</collection><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><jtitle>Journal of animal science</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Bell, A.W. (Cornell University, Ithaca, NY)</au><au>McBride, B.W</au><au>Slepetis, R</au><au>Early, R.J</au><au>Currie, W.B</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Chronic heat stress and prenatal development in sheep. I. Conceptus growth and maternal plasma hormones and metabolites</atitle><jtitle>Journal of animal science</jtitle><addtitle>J Anim Sci</addtitle><date>1989-12</date><risdate>1989</risdate><volume>67</volume><issue>12</issue><spage>3289</spage><epage>3299</epage><pages>3289-3299</pages><issn>0021-8812</issn><eissn>1525-3163</eissn><eissn>0021-8812</eissn><abstract>Pregnant ewes were chronically exposed to thermoneutral (TN; 20 degrees C, 30% relative humidity) or hot (H; 40 degrees C 9 h/d, 30 degrees C 15 h/d, 40% relative humidity) environments between d 64 and 136 to 141 of pregnancy. They were sampled for blood at 14-d intervals during this period for measurement of plasma metabolites and hormones, then slaughtered and dissected to measure conceptus weights, dimensions and fetal organ weights. Rectal temperatures of H ewes were elevated .3 to 1.0 C degrees above those of TN ewes throughout the experiment. Voluntary feed intakes were not altered by heat exposure except after 120 d of pregnancy, when feed intake was about 25% lower (P less than .10) by H than by TN ewes. Blood 3-hydroxybutyrate concentrations were not affected by heat, but plasma glucose concentrations were greater in H than in TN animals after 120 d (P less than .05). Placental weight, reduced by 54% (P less than .001) by heat exposure of ewes, was correlated positively with fetal weight and correlated negatively with fetal/placental weight ratio, fetal brain/liver weight ratio and fetal relative heart weight. Late in pregnancy, plasma concentrations of progesterone, cortisol and placental lactogen were reduced (P less than .01) in H ewes, whereas triiodothyronine levels were markedly lower (P less than .03) at all stages of pregnancy. Plasma concentrations of prolactin were elevated dramatically (P less than .01) and a modest increase (P less than .03) in somatotropin levels was recorded in H ewes. These results are consistent with our hypothesis that heat-induced fetal growth retardation is secondary to a primary reduction in placental growth; this could be mediated partly by reduced peripheral activity of thyroid hormones. Heat-induced reductions in secretion of progesterone and ovine placental lactogen more likely were a consequence than a cause of placental stunting.</abstract><cop>United States</cop><pub>Am Soc Animal Sci</pub><pmid>2613577</pmid><doi>10.2527/jas1989.67123289x</doi><tpages>11</tpages></addata></record>
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subjects Animals
Body Temperature
BREBIS
CALOR
CHALEUR
CRECIMIENTO
CROISSANCE
Eating
Embryonic and Fetal Development
Estradiol - blood
EWES
Female
FETO
FOETUS
GESTACION
GESTATION
GROWTH
HEAT
HORMONAS
HORMONE
HORMONES
Hormones - blood
Hot Temperature
Hydrocortisone - blood
Litter Size
METABOLITE
METABOLITES
METABOLITOS
OVEJA
PLACENTA
Placentation
PREGNANCY
Pregnancy Complications - blood
Pregnancy Complications - metabolism
Pregnancy Complications - veterinary
Progesterone - blood
Sheep
Sheep Diseases - blood
Sheep Diseases - metabolism
STRESS
Stress, Physiological - blood
Stress, Physiological - metabolism
Stress, Physiological - veterinary
Thyroxine - blood
Weight Gain
title Chronic heat stress and prenatal development in sheep. I. Conceptus growth and maternal plasma hormones and metabolites
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