The Actual Insulation of Multilayer Clothing
The effect of geometric factors on insulation was calculated mathematically for standing humans. It was found that internal radiative heat transfer in an ensemble was significant for insulation, that intrinsic clothing insulation is a useful concept only for indoor climates, and that shape plays a m...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment ＆ Health Environment ＆ Health, 1989-01, Vol.15 (1), p.66-75 |
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| container_title | Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment ＆ Health |
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| creator | Lotens, Wouter A |
| description | The effect of geometric factors on insulation was calculated mathematically for standing humans. It was found that internal radiative heat transfer in an ensemble was significant for insulation, that intrinsic clothing insulation is a useful concept only for indoor climates, and that shape plays a minor role. The literature agrees closely on insulation and clothing surface area figures, and the latter are compatible with model predictions. Finally, it was shown that wind, body motion, the effects of posture, and the fit of garments are predictable. Sitting provides more insulation than standing for light clothing, but the reverse is true for heavy clothing. Insulation is decreased by about 20 % by cycling and by about 40 % by walking, and a reasonable estimate can be made of the effect of wind and wind and motion together. The effect of air motion on vapor permeability is stronger than the effect on heat transfer. |
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It was found that internal radiative heat transfer in an ensemble was significant for insulation, that intrinsic clothing insulation is a useful concept only for indoor climates, and that shape plays a minor role. The literature agrees closely on insulation and clothing surface area figures, and the latter are compatible with model predictions. Finally, it was shown that wind, body motion, the effects of posture, and the fit of garments are predictable. Sitting provides more insulation than standing for light clothing, but the reverse is true for heavy clothing. Insulation is decreased by about 20 % by cycling and by about 40 % by walking, and a reasonable estimate can be made of the effect of wind and wind and motion together. 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It was found that internal radiative heat transfer in an ensemble was significant for insulation, that intrinsic clothing insulation is a useful concept only for indoor climates, and that shape plays a minor role. The literature agrees closely on insulation and clothing surface area figures, and the latter are compatible with model predictions. Finally, it was shown that wind, body motion, the effects of posture, and the fit of garments are predictable. Sitting provides more insulation than standing for light clothing, but the reverse is true for heavy clothing. Insulation is decreased by about 20 % by cycling and by about 40 % by walking, and a reasonable estimate can be made of the effect of wind and wind and motion together. The effect of air motion on vapor permeability is stronger than the effect on heat transfer.</description><subject>Air Movements</subject><subject>Body Temperature Regulation - physiology</subject><subject>Heat transfer</subject><subject>Hot Temperature</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Insulation</subject><subject>Manikins</subject><subject>Posture</subject><subject>Surface areas</subject><subject>Sweating</subject><subject>Uniforms</subject><subject>Vapors</subject><subject>Ventilation</subject><subject>Ventilation systems</subject><subject>Walking</subject><subject>Wind velocity</subject><issn>0355-3140</issn><issn>1795-990X</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>1989</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><recordid>eNpVkE9LAzEUxIMotVY_grAnTy7k38tujqVYLVS8VPAW0jSxKemmbpJDv71bLIqnx_Ab5jFzgcakkVBLiT8u0RgzgJoRjq_RTUo7jKkE2ozQiAosCaVj9Lja2mpqctGhWnSpBJ197KroqtcSsg_6aPtqFmLe-u7zFl05HZK9O98Jep8_rWYv9fLteTGbLmtNJcm1tU4zMFi2lLq2Ja7heG2AGC6k27TGaQJCCnCUS2YYbGDtGq0F51xzwySboIef3EMfv4pNWe19MjYE3dlYkmokpwASBuP92VjWe7tRh97vdX9U53p_fJdy7H8xx8N3QcjA5z9c-95nr3ax9N3QTJ2GO-2miGyHJEUxwYSQFmNg_4UQqgH2DesaZ_o</recordid><startdate>19890101</startdate><enddate>19890101</enddate><creator>Lotens, Wouter A</creator><general>Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment ＆ Health</general><general>National Institute of Occupational Health (Sweden)</general><general>Institute of Occupational Health (Finland)</general><general>National Institute of Occupational Health (Denmark)</general><general>National Institute of Occupational Health (Norway)</general><scope>188</scope><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>7X8</scope></search><sort><creationdate>19890101</creationdate><title>The Actual Insulation of Multilayer Clothing</title><author>Lotens, Wouter A</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-a291t-eefa35c09822f881f740bc51c469fd8cfa156965f2493c35d5bf7aa6444a4c393</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>1989</creationdate><topic>Air Movements</topic><topic>Body Temperature Regulation - physiology</topic><topic>Heat transfer</topic><topic>Hot Temperature</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Insulation</topic><topic>Manikins</topic><topic>Posture</topic><topic>Surface areas</topic><topic>Sweating</topic><topic>Uniforms</topic><topic>Vapors</topic><topic>Ventilation</topic><topic>Ventilation systems</topic><topic>Walking</topic><topic>Wind velocity</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Lotens, Wouter A</creatorcontrib><collection>Airiti Library</collection><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><jtitle>Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment ＆ Health</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Lotens, Wouter A</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>The Actual Insulation of Multilayer Clothing</atitle><jtitle>Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment ＆ Health</jtitle><addtitle>Scand J Work Environ Health</addtitle><date>1989-01-01</date><risdate>1989</risdate><volume>15</volume><issue>1</issue><spage>66</spage><epage>75</epage><pages>66-75</pages><issn>0355-3140</issn><eissn>1795-990X</eissn><abstract>The effect of geometric factors on insulation was calculated mathematically for standing humans. It was found that internal radiative heat transfer in an ensemble was significant for insulation, that intrinsic clothing insulation is a useful concept only for indoor climates, and that shape plays a minor role. The literature agrees closely on insulation and clothing surface area figures, and the latter are compatible with model predictions. Finally, it was shown that wind, body motion, the effects of posture, and the fit of garments are predictable. Sitting provides more insulation than standing for light clothing, but the reverse is true for heavy clothing. Insulation is decreased by about 20 % by cycling and by about 40 % by walking, and a reasonable estimate can be made of the effect of wind and wind and motion together. The effect of air motion on vapor permeability is stronger than the effect on heat transfer.</abstract><cop>Finland</cop><pub>Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment ＆ Health</pub><pmid>2609122</pmid><tpages>10</tpages></addata></record> |
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| identifier | ISSN: 0355-3140 |
| ispartof | Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment ＆ Health, 1989-01, Vol.15 (1), p.66-75 |
| issn | 0355-3140 1795-990X |
| language | eng |
| recordid | cdi_proquest_miscellaneous_79425595 |
| source | Jstor Complete Legacy; MEDLINE; Elektronische Zeitschriftenbibliothek - Frei zugängliche E-Journals |
| subjects | Air Movements Body Temperature Regulation - physiology Heat transfer Hot Temperature Humans Insulation Manikins Posture Surface areas Sweating Uniforms Vapors Ventilation Ventilation systems Walking Wind velocity |
| title | The Actual Insulation of Multilayer Clothing |
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