Ultrasonographic evaluation of renal size in dogs with acute allograft rejection
The purpose of this study was to determine the best method to ultrasonographically monitor renal size changes associated with acute allograft rejection in dogs. Qualitative changes in renal cortical and medullary echogenicity were also evaluated, although this was not a major focus of the study. Fou...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Veterinary radiology & ultrasound 1997-01, Vol.38 (1), p.55-61 |
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| creator | Nyland, T.G. (University of California, Davis, CA.) Fisher, P.E Gregory, C.R Wisner, E.R |
| description | The purpose of this study was to determine the best method to ultrasonographically monitor renal size changes associated with acute allograft rejection in dogs. Qualitative changes in renal cortical and medullary echogenicity were also evaluated, although this was not a major focus of the study. Four unrelated, mixed‐breed dogs underwent bilateral nephrectomies and heterotopic renal allograft transplantation. Ultrasound examinations of transplanted kidneys were initiated at 3 days after surgery and continued at 2–3 day intervals until death (38±2 days). Ultrasound measurements of kidney length, width, height, cross‐sectional area, and estimated volume were used to assess relative changes in renal size associated with transplantation and rejection. Transplanted kidneys had a rapid increase in volume and cross‐sectional area that averaged 103% and 83% above baseline levels, respectively, by 17 days after transplantation. The increased size was attributed to a combination of hypertrophy and acute rejection, the latter of which was confirmed at postmortem. Kidney volume decreased to approximately 35% above baseline volume by day 34 as rejection became more advanced. Qualitative changes associated with rejection included medullary enlargement with decreased echogenicity early in the study, followed by increased cortical thickness and echogenicity with poor cortical medullary definition in the latter stages of the survival period. It was concluded that relative changes in renal allograft size can be easily monitored with ultrasound. In regard to linear measurements, changes in renal width were more pronounced than changes in height or length with acute rejection. Therefore measurements that incorporate the width, namely volume or cross‐sectional area, appear to be the most sensitive for monitoring changes in allograft size. Renal cross‐sectional area measurements are preferred because they are simple to perform using the automated calculation capability of most newer ultrasound units. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1111/j.1740-8261.1997.tb01604.x |
| format | Article |
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(University of California, Davis, CA.) ; Fisher, P.E ; Gregory, C.R ; Wisner, E.R</creator><creatorcontrib>Nyland, T.G. (University of California, Davis, CA.) ; Fisher, P.E ; Gregory, C.R ; Wisner, E.R</creatorcontrib><description>The purpose of this study was to determine the best method to ultrasonographically monitor renal size changes associated with acute allograft rejection in dogs. Qualitative changes in renal cortical and medullary echogenicity were also evaluated, although this was not a major focus of the study. Four unrelated, mixed‐breed dogs underwent bilateral nephrectomies and heterotopic renal allograft transplantation. Ultrasound examinations of transplanted kidneys were initiated at 3 days after surgery and continued at 2–3 day intervals until death (38±2 days). Ultrasound measurements of kidney length, width, height, cross‐sectional area, and estimated volume were used to assess relative changes in renal size associated with transplantation and rejection. Transplanted kidneys had a rapid increase in volume and cross‐sectional area that averaged 103% and 83% above baseline levels, respectively, by 17 days after transplantation. The increased size was attributed to a combination of hypertrophy and acute rejection, the latter of which was confirmed at postmortem. Kidney volume decreased to approximately 35% above baseline volume by day 34 as rejection became more advanced. Qualitative changes associated with rejection included medullary enlargement with decreased echogenicity early in the study, followed by increased cortical thickness and echogenicity with poor cortical medullary definition in the latter stages of the survival period. It was concluded that relative changes in renal allograft size can be easily monitored with ultrasound. In regard to linear measurements, changes in renal width were more pronounced than changes in height or length with acute rejection. Therefore measurements that incorporate the width, namely volume or cross‐sectional area, appear to be the most sensitive for monitoring changes in allograft size. Renal cross‐sectional area measurements are preferred because they are simple to perform using the automated calculation capability of most newer ultrasound units.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1058-8183</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1740-8261</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1111/j.1740-8261.1997.tb01604.x</identifier><identifier>PMID: 9238772</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Oxford, UK: Blackwell Publishing Ltd</publisher><subject>Acute Disease ; Anatomy, Cross-Sectional ; ANCHURA ; Animals ; AREA ; CHIEN ; COMPATIBILIDAD DEL INJERTO ; COMPATIBILITE DE GREFFE ; Creatinine - blood ; CROSS-SECTIONAL AREA ; DIAGNOSIS ; DIAGNOSTIC ; DIAGNOSTICO ; DIMENSION ; DIMENSIONS ; Dog Diseases - diagnostic imaging ; Dog Diseases - pathology ; DOGS ; Evaluation Studies as Topic ; Follow-Up Studies ; GRAFT COMPATIBILITY ; Graft Rejection - diagnostic imaging ; Graft Rejection - pathology ; Graft Rejection - veterinary ; Graft Survival ; Hypertrophy ; Kidney Cortex - diagnostic imaging ; Kidney Cortex - pathology ; Kidney Medulla - diagnostic imaging ; Kidney Medulla - pathology ; Kidney Pelvis - diagnostic imaging ; Kidney Pelvis - pathology ; Kidney Transplantation - diagnostic imaging ; Kidney Transplantation - pathology ; Kidney Transplantation - veterinary ; KIDNEYS ; LARGEUR ; LARGURA ; LENGTH ; LONGUEUR ; Nephrectomy - veterinary ; PERRO ; REIN ; RINONES ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Time Factors ; TRANSPLANTATION ; Transplantation, Heterotopic - veterinary ; Transplantation, Homologous ; TRASPLANTES ; ULTRASON ; ULTRASONICS ; ULTRASONIDO ; ULTRASONOGRAPHY ; VOLUME ; VOLUMEN ; WIDTH</subject><ispartof>Veterinary radiology & ultrasound, 1997-01, Vol.38 (1), p.55-61</ispartof><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c4255-4170d72e2a06ba35327077fdec9a93b572e18835005362d01ba48d56a91192f13</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c4255-4170d72e2a06ba35327077fdec9a93b572e18835005362d01ba48d56a91192f13</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111%2Fj.1740-8261.1997.tb01604.x$$EPDF$$P50$$Gwiley$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111%2Fj.1740-8261.1997.tb01604.x$$EHTML$$P50$$Gwiley$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,776,780,1411,27901,27902,45550,45551</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9238772$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Nyland, T.G. (University of California, Davis, CA.)</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Fisher, P.E</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Gregory, C.R</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wisner, E.R</creatorcontrib><title>Ultrasonographic evaluation of renal size in dogs with acute allograft rejection</title><title>Veterinary radiology & ultrasound</title><addtitle>Vet Radiol Ultrasound</addtitle><description>The purpose of this study was to determine the best method to ultrasonographically monitor renal size changes associated with acute allograft rejection in dogs. Qualitative changes in renal cortical and medullary echogenicity were also evaluated, although this was not a major focus of the study. Four unrelated, mixed‐breed dogs underwent bilateral nephrectomies and heterotopic renal allograft transplantation. Ultrasound examinations of transplanted kidneys were initiated at 3 days after surgery and continued at 2–3 day intervals until death (38±2 days). Ultrasound measurements of kidney length, width, height, cross‐sectional area, and estimated volume were used to assess relative changes in renal size associated with transplantation and rejection. Transplanted kidneys had a rapid increase in volume and cross‐sectional area that averaged 103% and 83% above baseline levels, respectively, by 17 days after transplantation. The increased size was attributed to a combination of hypertrophy and acute rejection, the latter of which was confirmed at postmortem. Kidney volume decreased to approximately 35% above baseline volume by day 34 as rejection became more advanced. Qualitative changes associated with rejection included medullary enlargement with decreased echogenicity early in the study, followed by increased cortical thickness and echogenicity with poor cortical medullary definition in the latter stages of the survival period. It was concluded that relative changes in renal allograft size can be easily monitored with ultrasound. In regard to linear measurements, changes in renal width were more pronounced than changes in height or length with acute rejection. Therefore measurements that incorporate the width, namely volume or cross‐sectional area, appear to be the most sensitive for monitoring changes in allograft size. Renal cross‐sectional area measurements are preferred because they are simple to perform using the automated calculation capability of most newer ultrasound units.</description><subject>Acute Disease</subject><subject>Anatomy, Cross-Sectional</subject><subject>ANCHURA</subject><subject>Animals</subject><subject>AREA</subject><subject>CHIEN</subject><subject>COMPATIBILIDAD DEL INJERTO</subject><subject>COMPATIBILITE DE GREFFE</subject><subject>Creatinine - blood</subject><subject>CROSS-SECTIONAL AREA</subject><subject>DIAGNOSIS</subject><subject>DIAGNOSTIC</subject><subject>DIAGNOSTICO</subject><subject>DIMENSION</subject><subject>DIMENSIONS</subject><subject>Dog Diseases - diagnostic imaging</subject><subject>Dog Diseases - pathology</subject><subject>DOGS</subject><subject>Evaluation Studies as Topic</subject><subject>Follow-Up Studies</subject><subject>GRAFT COMPATIBILITY</subject><subject>Graft Rejection - diagnostic imaging</subject><subject>Graft Rejection - pathology</subject><subject>Graft Rejection - veterinary</subject><subject>Graft Survival</subject><subject>Hypertrophy</subject><subject>Kidney Cortex - diagnostic imaging</subject><subject>Kidney Cortex - pathology</subject><subject>Kidney Medulla - diagnostic imaging</subject><subject>Kidney Medulla - pathology</subject><subject>Kidney Pelvis - diagnostic imaging</subject><subject>Kidney Pelvis - pathology</subject><subject>Kidney Transplantation - diagnostic imaging</subject><subject>Kidney Transplantation - pathology</subject><subject>Kidney Transplantation - veterinary</subject><subject>KIDNEYS</subject><subject>LARGEUR</subject><subject>LARGURA</subject><subject>LENGTH</subject><subject>LONGUEUR</subject><subject>Nephrectomy - veterinary</subject><subject>PERRO</subject><subject>REIN</subject><subject>RINONES</subject><subject>Sensitivity and Specificity</subject><subject>Time Factors</subject><subject>TRANSPLANTATION</subject><subject>Transplantation, Heterotopic - veterinary</subject><subject>Transplantation, Homologous</subject><subject>TRASPLANTES</subject><subject>ULTRASON</subject><subject>ULTRASONICS</subject><subject>ULTRASONIDO</subject><subject>ULTRASONOGRAPHY</subject><subject>VOLUME</subject><subject>VOLUMEN</subject><subject>WIDTH</subject><issn>1058-8183</issn><issn>1740-8261</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>1997</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><recordid>eNqVkM1u1DAURi1EVUrhBZCQLBbsEvwTxzESi2oELVLVosJ0ltZN4kw9eOLBTuiUp8dRRrOvN7b0fede6yD0gZKcpvNpk1NZkKxiJc2pUjIfakJLUuT7F-jsGL1MbyKqrKIVf4Vex7ghhAnJ5Ck6VYxXUrIz9GPphgDR934dYPdgG2z-ghthsL7HvsPB9OBwtP8Mtj1u_TriRzs8YGjGwWBwbuK6IfU2ppmgN-ikAxfN28N9jpbfvv5aXGXXt5ffFxfXWVMwIbKCStJKZhiQsgYuOJNEyq41jQLF6_RNQ6uKC0IEL1lLaA1F1YoSFKWKdZSfo4_z3F3wf0YTB721sTHOQW_8GLVUtGSiKlPx81xsgo8xmE7vgt1CeNKU6Emn3ujJmZ6c6UmnPujU-wS_P2wZ661pj-jBX8q_zPmjdebpGZP1_d1SiMRnM2_jYPZHHsJvXUouhV7dXGp2RVZ398VCr1L_3dzvwGtYBxv18qdKOyTh_D-oSpvR</recordid><startdate>199701</startdate><enddate>199701</enddate><creator>Nyland, T.G. 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(University of California, Davis, CA.) ; Fisher, P.E ; Gregory, C.R ; Wisner, E.R</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c4255-4170d72e2a06ba35327077fdec9a93b572e18835005362d01ba48d56a91192f13</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>1997</creationdate><topic>Acute Disease</topic><topic>Anatomy, Cross-Sectional</topic><topic>ANCHURA</topic><topic>Animals</topic><topic>AREA</topic><topic>CHIEN</topic><topic>COMPATIBILIDAD DEL INJERTO</topic><topic>COMPATIBILITE DE GREFFE</topic><topic>Creatinine - blood</topic><topic>CROSS-SECTIONAL AREA</topic><topic>DIAGNOSIS</topic><topic>DIAGNOSTIC</topic><topic>DIAGNOSTICO</topic><topic>DIMENSION</topic><topic>DIMENSIONS</topic><topic>Dog Diseases - diagnostic imaging</topic><topic>Dog Diseases - pathology</topic><topic>DOGS</topic><topic>Evaluation Studies as Topic</topic><topic>Follow-Up Studies</topic><topic>GRAFT COMPATIBILITY</topic><topic>Graft Rejection - diagnostic imaging</topic><topic>Graft Rejection - pathology</topic><topic>Graft Rejection - veterinary</topic><topic>Graft Survival</topic><topic>Hypertrophy</topic><topic>Kidney Cortex - diagnostic imaging</topic><topic>Kidney Cortex - pathology</topic><topic>Kidney Medulla - diagnostic imaging</topic><topic>Kidney Medulla - pathology</topic><topic>Kidney Pelvis - diagnostic imaging</topic><topic>Kidney Pelvis - pathology</topic><topic>Kidney Transplantation - diagnostic imaging</topic><topic>Kidney Transplantation - pathology</topic><topic>Kidney Transplantation - veterinary</topic><topic>KIDNEYS</topic><topic>LARGEUR</topic><topic>LARGURA</topic><topic>LENGTH</topic><topic>LONGUEUR</topic><topic>Nephrectomy - veterinary</topic><topic>PERRO</topic><topic>REIN</topic><topic>RINONES</topic><topic>Sensitivity and Specificity</topic><topic>Time Factors</topic><topic>TRANSPLANTATION</topic><topic>Transplantation, Heterotopic - veterinary</topic><topic>Transplantation, Homologous</topic><topic>TRASPLANTES</topic><topic>ULTRASON</topic><topic>ULTRASONICS</topic><topic>ULTRASONIDO</topic><topic>ULTRASONOGRAPHY</topic><topic>VOLUME</topic><topic>VOLUMEN</topic><topic>WIDTH</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Nyland, T.G. 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(University of California, Davis, CA.)</au><au>Fisher, P.E</au><au>Gregory, C.R</au><au>Wisner, E.R</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Ultrasonographic evaluation of renal size in dogs with acute allograft rejection</atitle><jtitle>Veterinary radiology & ultrasound</jtitle><addtitle>Vet Radiol Ultrasound</addtitle><date>1997-01</date><risdate>1997</risdate><volume>38</volume><issue>1</issue><spage>55</spage><epage>61</epage><pages>55-61</pages><issn>1058-8183</issn><eissn>1740-8261</eissn><abstract>The purpose of this study was to determine the best method to ultrasonographically monitor renal size changes associated with acute allograft rejection in dogs. Qualitative changes in renal cortical and medullary echogenicity were also evaluated, although this was not a major focus of the study. Four unrelated, mixed‐breed dogs underwent bilateral nephrectomies and heterotopic renal allograft transplantation. Ultrasound examinations of transplanted kidneys were initiated at 3 days after surgery and continued at 2–3 day intervals until death (38±2 days). Ultrasound measurements of kidney length, width, height, cross‐sectional area, and estimated volume were used to assess relative changes in renal size associated with transplantation and rejection. Transplanted kidneys had a rapid increase in volume and cross‐sectional area that averaged 103% and 83% above baseline levels, respectively, by 17 days after transplantation. The increased size was attributed to a combination of hypertrophy and acute rejection, the latter of which was confirmed at postmortem. Kidney volume decreased to approximately 35% above baseline volume by day 34 as rejection became more advanced. Qualitative changes associated with rejection included medullary enlargement with decreased echogenicity early in the study, followed by increased cortical thickness and echogenicity with poor cortical medullary definition in the latter stages of the survival period. It was concluded that relative changes in renal allograft size can be easily monitored with ultrasound. In regard to linear measurements, changes in renal width were more pronounced than changes in height or length with acute rejection. Therefore measurements that incorporate the width, namely volume or cross‐sectional area, appear to be the most sensitive for monitoring changes in allograft size. Renal cross‐sectional area measurements are preferred because they are simple to perform using the automated calculation capability of most newer ultrasound units.</abstract><cop>Oxford, UK</cop><pub>Blackwell Publishing Ltd</pub><pmid>9238772</pmid><doi>10.1111/j.1740-8261.1997.tb01604.x</doi><tpages>7</tpages></addata></record> |
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| subjects | Acute Disease Anatomy, Cross-Sectional ANCHURA Animals AREA CHIEN COMPATIBILIDAD DEL INJERTO COMPATIBILITE DE GREFFE Creatinine - blood CROSS-SECTIONAL AREA DIAGNOSIS DIAGNOSTIC DIAGNOSTICO DIMENSION DIMENSIONS Dog Diseases - diagnostic imaging Dog Diseases - pathology DOGS Evaluation Studies as Topic Follow-Up Studies GRAFT COMPATIBILITY Graft Rejection - diagnostic imaging Graft Rejection - pathology Graft Rejection - veterinary Graft Survival Hypertrophy Kidney Cortex - diagnostic imaging Kidney Cortex - pathology Kidney Medulla - diagnostic imaging Kidney Medulla - pathology Kidney Pelvis - diagnostic imaging Kidney Pelvis - pathology Kidney Transplantation - diagnostic imaging Kidney Transplantation - pathology Kidney Transplantation - veterinary KIDNEYS LARGEUR LARGURA LENGTH LONGUEUR Nephrectomy - veterinary PERRO REIN RINONES Sensitivity and Specificity Time Factors TRANSPLANTATION Transplantation, Heterotopic - veterinary Transplantation, Homologous TRASPLANTES ULTRASON ULTRASONICS ULTRASONIDO ULTRASONOGRAPHY VOLUME VOLUMEN WIDTH |
| title | Ultrasonographic evaluation of renal size in dogs with acute allograft rejection |
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