4-Heterocyclylpiperidines as Selective High-Affinity Ligands at the Human Dopamine D4 Receptor
5-(4-Chlorophenyl)-3-(1-(4-chlorobenzyl)piperidin-4-yl)pyrazole (3) was identified from screening of the Merck sample collection as a human dopamine D4 (hD4) receptor ligand with moderate affinity (61 nM) and 4-fold selectivity over human D2 (hD2) receptors. Four separate parts of the molecule have...
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Veröffentlicht in: | Journal of medicinal chemistry 1997-07, Vol.40 (15), p.2374-2385 |
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container_title | Journal of medicinal chemistry |
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creator | Rowley, Michael Collins, Ian Broughton, Howard B Davey, William B Baker, Raymond Emms, Frances Marwood, Rosemarie Patel, Shil Patel, Smita Ragan, C. Ian Freedman, Stephen B Ball, Richard Leeson, Paul D |
description | 5-(4-Chlorophenyl)-3-(1-(4-chlorobenzyl)piperidin-4-yl)pyrazole (3) was identified from screening of the Merck sample collection as a human dopamine D4 (hD4) receptor ligand with moderate affinity (61 nM) and 4-fold selectivity over human D2 (hD2) receptors. Four separate parts of the molecule have been examined systematically to explore structure−activity relationships with respect to hD4 affinity and selectivity over other dopamine receptors. It was found that the 4-chlorophenyl group attached to the pyrazole is optimal, as is the 4-substituted piperidine. The lipophilic group on the basic nitrogen is more amenable to change, with the optimal group found to be a phenethyl. The aromatic heterocyle can be altered to a number of different groups, with isoxazoles and pyrimidines showing improved affinities. This heterocycle can also be advantageously alkylated, improving the selectivity of the compounds over D2 receptors. It is hypothesized that the conformation around the bond joining the aromatic heterocycle to the piperidine is important for D4 affinity, based on crystal structures of isoxazoles (29 and 30) and on a conformationally constrained compound (28). Putting all the favorable changes together led to the discovery that 5-(4-chlorophenyl)-4-methyl-3-(1-(2-phenylethyl)piperidin-4-yl)isoxazole (36) is a nanomolar antagonist at human dopamine D4 receptors with >500-fold selectivity over hD2 and >200-fold selectivity over hD3. Compound 36 is an antagonist of hD4 receptors with good oral bioavailability of 38%, a half life of 2 h, and brain levels 10-fold higher than plasma levels. |
doi_str_mv | 10.1021/jm970111h |
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The lipophilic group on the basic nitrogen is more amenable to change, with the optimal group found to be a phenethyl. The aromatic heterocyle can be altered to a number of different groups, with isoxazoles and pyrimidines showing improved affinities. This heterocycle can also be advantageously alkylated, improving the selectivity of the compounds over D2 receptors. It is hypothesized that the conformation around the bond joining the aromatic heterocycle to the piperidine is important for D4 affinity, based on crystal structures of isoxazoles (29 and 30) and on a conformationally constrained compound (28). Putting all the favorable changes together led to the discovery that 5-(4-chlorophenyl)-4-methyl-3-(1-(2-phenylethyl)piperidin-4-yl)isoxazole (36) is a nanomolar antagonist at human dopamine D4 receptors with >500-fold selectivity over hD2 and >200-fold selectivity over hD3. Compound 36 is an antagonist of hD4 receptors with good oral bioavailability of 38%, a half life of 2 h, and brain levels 10-fold higher than plasma levels.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0022-2623</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1520-4804</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1021/jm970111h</identifier><identifier>PMID: 9240352</identifier><identifier>CODEN: JMCMAR</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Washington, DC: American Chemical Society</publisher><subject>Biological and medical sciences ; Cell Line ; Humans ; Ligands ; Medical sciences ; Neuropharmacology ; Pharmacology. Drug treatments ; Piperidines - metabolism ; Psycholeptics: tranquillizer, neuroleptic ; Psychology. Psychoanalysis. 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Ian</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Freedman, Stephen B</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ball, Richard</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Leeson, Paul D</creatorcontrib><title>4-Heterocyclylpiperidines as Selective High-Affinity Ligands at the Human Dopamine D4 Receptor</title><title>Journal of medicinal chemistry</title><addtitle>J. Med. Chem</addtitle><description>5-(4-Chlorophenyl)-3-(1-(4-chlorobenzyl)piperidin-4-yl)pyrazole (3) was identified from screening of the Merck sample collection as a human dopamine D4 (hD4) receptor ligand with moderate affinity (61 nM) and 4-fold selectivity over human D2 (hD2) receptors. Four separate parts of the molecule have been examined systematically to explore structure−activity relationships with respect to hD4 affinity and selectivity over other dopamine receptors. It was found that the 4-chlorophenyl group attached to the pyrazole is optimal, as is the 4-substituted piperidine. The lipophilic group on the basic nitrogen is more amenable to change, with the optimal group found to be a phenethyl. The aromatic heterocyle can be altered to a number of different groups, with isoxazoles and pyrimidines showing improved affinities. This heterocycle can also be advantageously alkylated, improving the selectivity of the compounds over D2 receptors. It is hypothesized that the conformation around the bond joining the aromatic heterocycle to the piperidine is important for D4 affinity, based on crystal structures of isoxazoles (29 and 30) and on a conformationally constrained compound (28). Putting all the favorable changes together led to the discovery that 5-(4-chlorophenyl)-4-methyl-3-(1-(2-phenylethyl)piperidin-4-yl)isoxazole (36) is a nanomolar antagonist at human dopamine D4 receptors with >500-fold selectivity over hD2 and >200-fold selectivity over hD3. Compound 36 is an antagonist of hD4 receptors with good oral bioavailability of 38%, a half life of 2 h, and brain levels 10-fold higher than plasma levels.</description><subject>Biological and medical sciences</subject><subject>Cell Line</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Ligands</subject><subject>Medical sciences</subject><subject>Neuropharmacology</subject><subject>Pharmacology. Drug treatments</subject><subject>Piperidines - metabolism</subject><subject>Psycholeptics: tranquillizer, neuroleptic</subject><subject>Psychology. Psychoanalysis. Psychiatry</subject><subject>Psychopharmacology</subject><subject>Receptors, Dopamine D2 - metabolism</subject><subject>Receptors, Dopamine D4</subject><issn>0022-2623</issn><issn>1520-4804</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>1997</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><recordid>eNptkE1vEzEQhi0EakPgwA-otIcWicMWj72O42PVD1IpqEBTqScsr3e2cbpftb2I_HtcJcqJy8zhfWY08xDyCeg5UAZfN62SFADWb8gEBKN5MafFWzKhlLGczRg_Ju9D2FBKOTB-RI4UKygXbEJ-F_kCI_rebm2zbQY3oHeV6zBkJmT32KCN7g9mC_e0zi_q2nUubrOlezJdlZCYxXUKx9Z02VU_mDZNZldF9gstDrH3H8i72jQBP-77lDzcXK8uF_ny7tvt5cUyN1yqmCsOQnJRQipo5pWtwSpjoSxLWzGplCznspTlDKVgM26ZrCtQVBS0UFUlgE_J593ewfcvI4aoWxcsNo3psB-Dlippken9KfmyA63vQ_BY68G71vitBqpfXeqDy8Se7JeOZYvVgdzLS_npPjfBmqb2prMuHDAmBRVQJCzfYS5E_HuIjX_WM8ml0Ksf95ovv8PPm_mjXiX-bMcbG_SmH32XzP3nvH9ghpXS</recordid><startdate>19970718</startdate><enddate>19970718</enddate><creator>Rowley, Michael</creator><creator>Collins, Ian</creator><creator>Broughton, Howard B</creator><creator>Davey, William B</creator><creator>Baker, Raymond</creator><creator>Emms, Frances</creator><creator>Marwood, Rosemarie</creator><creator>Patel, Shil</creator><creator>Patel, Smita</creator><creator>Ragan, C. 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Ian</au><au>Freedman, Stephen B</au><au>Ball, Richard</au><au>Leeson, Paul D</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>4-Heterocyclylpiperidines as Selective High-Affinity Ligands at the Human Dopamine D4 Receptor</atitle><jtitle>Journal of medicinal chemistry</jtitle><addtitle>J. Med. Chem</addtitle><date>1997-07-18</date><risdate>1997</risdate><volume>40</volume><issue>15</issue><spage>2374</spage><epage>2385</epage><pages>2374-2385</pages><issn>0022-2623</issn><eissn>1520-4804</eissn><coden>JMCMAR</coden><abstract>5-(4-Chlorophenyl)-3-(1-(4-chlorobenzyl)piperidin-4-yl)pyrazole (3) was identified from screening of the Merck sample collection as a human dopamine D4 (hD4) receptor ligand with moderate affinity (61 nM) and 4-fold selectivity over human D2 (hD2) receptors. Four separate parts of the molecule have been examined systematically to explore structure−activity relationships with respect to hD4 affinity and selectivity over other dopamine receptors. It was found that the 4-chlorophenyl group attached to the pyrazole is optimal, as is the 4-substituted piperidine. The lipophilic group on the basic nitrogen is more amenable to change, with the optimal group found to be a phenethyl. The aromatic heterocyle can be altered to a number of different groups, with isoxazoles and pyrimidines showing improved affinities. This heterocycle can also be advantageously alkylated, improving the selectivity of the compounds over D2 receptors. It is hypothesized that the conformation around the bond joining the aromatic heterocycle to the piperidine is important for D4 affinity, based on crystal structures of isoxazoles (29 and 30) and on a conformationally constrained compound (28). Putting all the favorable changes together led to the discovery that 5-(4-chlorophenyl)-4-methyl-3-(1-(2-phenylethyl)piperidin-4-yl)isoxazole (36) is a nanomolar antagonist at human dopamine D4 receptors with >500-fold selectivity over hD2 and >200-fold selectivity over hD3. Compound 36 is an antagonist of hD4 receptors with good oral bioavailability of 38%, a half life of 2 h, and brain levels 10-fold higher than plasma levels.</abstract><cop>Washington, DC</cop><pub>American Chemical Society</pub><pmid>9240352</pmid><doi>10.1021/jm970111h</doi><tpages>12</tpages></addata></record> |
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subjects | Biological and medical sciences Cell Line Humans Ligands Medical sciences Neuropharmacology Pharmacology. Drug treatments Piperidines - metabolism Psycholeptics: tranquillizer, neuroleptic Psychology. Psychoanalysis. Psychiatry Psychopharmacology Receptors, Dopamine D2 - metabolism Receptors, Dopamine D4 |
title | 4-Heterocyclylpiperidines as Selective High-Affinity Ligands at the Human Dopamine D4 Receptor |
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