Early pregnancy diagnosis in alpaca ( Lama pacos) and llama ( Lama glama) by ultrasound
An ultrasonography study of early pregnancy diagnosis was carried out in 19 alpacas and 12 llamas, after controlled matings. The aim was to determine the earliest gestational age at which pregnancy diagnosis by transrectal ultrasonography could be achieved, and to generate an empirical formula for g...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Animal reproduction science 1997-05, Vol.47 (1), p.113-121 |
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| creator | Parraguez, Víctor H. Cortéz, Sandra Gazitúa, Francisca J. Ferrando, Germán MacNiven, Verónica Raggi, Luis A. |
| description | An ultrasonography study of early pregnancy diagnosis was carried out in 19 alpacas and 12 llamas, after controlled matings. The aim was to determine the earliest gestational age at which pregnancy diagnosis by transrectal ultrasonography could be achieved, and to generate an empirical formula for gestational sac diameter (GSD) growth as a function of gestational age (
GA), allowing an estimate of
GA during the first month of pregnancy. We found that pregnancy diagnosis may be carried out as early as 9 days after mating in alpacas and 7 days in llamas. This diagnosis was found to be accurate at 23 days in alpacas and 34 days in llamas. The empirical relations that best describe the relationship between GSD and
GA were
GA =
log GSD + 1.2339/0.0585 r = 0.85, P > 0.001
in alpacas, and
GA =
log GSD + 1.2649/0.0546 r = 0.77, P > 0.001
in llamas, where
GA is measured in days and GSD in centimeters.
Our results also indicate that ultrasonography is a reliable technique for early pregnancy diagnosis. Furthermore, the empirical formulae reliably make it possible to estimate
GA from GSD during the first month of pregnancy and their use might improve the efficiency of camelid breeders. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1016/S0378-4320(96)01630-2 |
| format | Article |
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GA), allowing an estimate of
GA during the first month of pregnancy. We found that pregnancy diagnosis may be carried out as early as 9 days after mating in alpacas and 7 days in llamas. This diagnosis was found to be accurate at 23 days in alpacas and 34 days in llamas. The empirical relations that best describe the relationship between GSD and
GA were
GA =
log GSD + 1.2339/0.0585 r = 0.85, P > 0.001
in alpacas, and
GA =
log GSD + 1.2649/0.0546 r = 0.77, P > 0.001
in llamas, where
GA is measured in days and GSD in centimeters.
Our results also indicate that ultrasonography is a reliable technique for early pregnancy diagnosis. Furthermore, the empirical formulae reliably make it possible to estimate
GA from GSD during the first month of pregnancy and their use might improve the efficiency of camelid breeders.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0378-4320</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1873-2232</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1016/S0378-4320(96)01630-2</identifier><identifier>PMID: 9233511</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Netherlands: Elsevier B.V</publisher><subject>ALPACA ; ALPACAS ; ALPAGA ; Animals ; Camelids, New World - embryology ; Camelids, New World - physiology ; DIAGNOSIS ; DIAGNOSTIC ; DIAGNOSTICO ; Embryo, Mammalian - diagnostic imaging ; Embryo, Mammalian - physiology ; Female ; GESTACION ; GESTATION ; Gestational Age ; LAMA ; LLAMA ; LLAMAS ; Male ; Models, Biological ; PREGNANCY ; Pregnancy Tests - methods ; Pregnancy Tests - veterinary ; Pregnancy, Animal - physiology ; ULTRASON ; ULTRASONICS ; ULTRASONIDO ; Ultrasonography, Prenatal - methods ; Ultrasonography, Prenatal - veterinary ; Ultrasound ; Uterus - diagnostic imaging ; Uterus - physiology</subject><ispartof>Animal reproduction science, 1997-05, Vol.47 (1), p.113-121</ispartof><rights>1997</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c382t-545e4926ad2708604a89c2e9c3125c3cd7b28545f0bbe00c7963bc4115ced59f3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c382t-545e4926ad2708604a89c2e9c3125c3cd7b28545f0bbe00c7963bc4115ced59f3</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0378432096016302$$EHTML$$P50$$Gelsevier$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,776,780,3537,27903,27904,65309</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9233511$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Parraguez, Víctor H.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Cortéz, Sandra</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Gazitúa, Francisca J.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ferrando, Germán</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>MacNiven, Verónica</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Raggi, Luis A.</creatorcontrib><title>Early pregnancy diagnosis in alpaca ( Lama pacos) and llama ( Lama glama) by ultrasound</title><title>Animal reproduction science</title><addtitle>Anim Reprod Sci</addtitle><description>An ultrasonography study of early pregnancy diagnosis was carried out in 19 alpacas and 12 llamas, after controlled matings. The aim was to determine the earliest gestational age at which pregnancy diagnosis by transrectal ultrasonography could be achieved, and to generate an empirical formula for gestational sac diameter (GSD) growth as a function of gestational age (
GA), allowing an estimate of
GA during the first month of pregnancy. We found that pregnancy diagnosis may be carried out as early as 9 days after mating in alpacas and 7 days in llamas. This diagnosis was found to be accurate at 23 days in alpacas and 34 days in llamas. The empirical relations that best describe the relationship between GSD and
GA were
GA =
log GSD + 1.2339/0.0585 r = 0.85, P > 0.001
in alpacas, and
GA =
log GSD + 1.2649/0.0546 r = 0.77, P > 0.001
in llamas, where
GA is measured in days and GSD in centimeters.
Our results also indicate that ultrasonography is a reliable technique for early pregnancy diagnosis. Furthermore, the empirical formulae reliably make it possible to estimate
GA from GSD during the first month of pregnancy and their use might improve the efficiency of camelid breeders.</description><subject>ALPACA</subject><subject>ALPACAS</subject><subject>ALPAGA</subject><subject>Animals</subject><subject>Camelids, New World - embryology</subject><subject>Camelids, New World - physiology</subject><subject>DIAGNOSIS</subject><subject>DIAGNOSTIC</subject><subject>DIAGNOSTICO</subject><subject>Embryo, Mammalian - diagnostic imaging</subject><subject>Embryo, Mammalian - physiology</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>GESTACION</subject><subject>GESTATION</subject><subject>Gestational Age</subject><subject>LAMA</subject><subject>LLAMA</subject><subject>LLAMAS</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>Models, Biological</subject><subject>PREGNANCY</subject><subject>Pregnancy Tests - methods</subject><subject>Pregnancy Tests - veterinary</subject><subject>Pregnancy, Animal - physiology</subject><subject>ULTRASON</subject><subject>ULTRASONICS</subject><subject>ULTRASONIDO</subject><subject>Ultrasonography, Prenatal - methods</subject><subject>Ultrasonography, Prenatal - veterinary</subject><subject>Ultrasound</subject><subject>Uterus - diagnostic imaging</subject><subject>Uterus - physiology</subject><issn>0378-4320</issn><issn>1873-2232</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>1997</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><recordid>eNqFkFtPwyAcxYnRzDn9CEt4MttDlUtLy5Mxy7wkjT6o8ZFQShtMLxNak3576dbMR5-Ac84fDj8AlhjdYITZ7RuicRKElKAVZ2uvUBSQEzDHSUwDQig5BfNj5BxcOPeFEIoZ4zMw44TSCOM5-NxKWw1wZ3XZyEYNMDeybFpnHDQNlNVOKglXMJW1hH7fujWUTQ6rahQmvRwPa5gNsK86K13bN_klOCtk5fTVtC7Ax8P2ffMUpK-Pz5v7NFA0IV0QhZEOOWEyJzFKGAplwhXRXFFMIkVVHmck8aECZZlGSMWc0UyFGEdK5xEv6AJcH-7d2fa7164TtXFK-36NbnsnYo4jEvrfLkB0CCrbOmd1IXbW1NIOAiMxAhV7oGKkJTgTe6CC-Lnl9ECf1To_Tk0E__xCtkKW1jjxkmLOE4QwIcz7dwdfewo_RlvhlNGNr2-sVp3IW_NPg1-bSYu7</recordid><startdate>19970501</startdate><enddate>19970501</enddate><creator>Parraguez, Víctor H.</creator><creator>Cortéz, Sandra</creator><creator>Gazitúa, Francisca J.</creator><creator>Ferrando, Germán</creator><creator>MacNiven, Verónica</creator><creator>Raggi, Luis A.</creator><general>Elsevier B.V</general><scope>FBQ</scope><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7X8</scope></search><sort><creationdate>19970501</creationdate><title>Early pregnancy diagnosis in alpaca ( Lama pacos) and llama ( Lama glama) by ultrasound</title><author>Parraguez, Víctor H. ; Cortéz, Sandra ; Gazitúa, Francisca J. ; Ferrando, Germán ; MacNiven, Verónica ; Raggi, Luis A.</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c382t-545e4926ad2708604a89c2e9c3125c3cd7b28545f0bbe00c7963bc4115ced59f3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>1997</creationdate><topic>ALPACA</topic><topic>ALPACAS</topic><topic>ALPAGA</topic><topic>Animals</topic><topic>Camelids, New World - embryology</topic><topic>Camelids, New World - physiology</topic><topic>DIAGNOSIS</topic><topic>DIAGNOSTIC</topic><topic>DIAGNOSTICO</topic><topic>Embryo, Mammalian - diagnostic imaging</topic><topic>Embryo, Mammalian - physiology</topic><topic>Female</topic><topic>GESTACION</topic><topic>GESTATION</topic><topic>Gestational Age</topic><topic>LAMA</topic><topic>LLAMA</topic><topic>LLAMAS</topic><topic>Male</topic><topic>Models, Biological</topic><topic>PREGNANCY</topic><topic>Pregnancy Tests - methods</topic><topic>Pregnancy Tests - veterinary</topic><topic>Pregnancy, Animal - physiology</topic><topic>ULTRASON</topic><topic>ULTRASONICS</topic><topic>ULTRASONIDO</topic><topic>Ultrasonography, Prenatal - methods</topic><topic>Ultrasonography, Prenatal - veterinary</topic><topic>Ultrasound</topic><topic>Uterus - diagnostic imaging</topic><topic>Uterus - physiology</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Parraguez, Víctor H.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Cortéz, Sandra</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Gazitúa, Francisca J.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ferrando, Germán</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>MacNiven, Verónica</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Raggi, Luis A.</creatorcontrib><collection>AGRIS</collection><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><jtitle>Animal reproduction science</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Parraguez, Víctor H.</au><au>Cortéz, Sandra</au><au>Gazitúa, Francisca J.</au><au>Ferrando, Germán</au><au>MacNiven, Verónica</au><au>Raggi, Luis A.</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Early pregnancy diagnosis in alpaca ( Lama pacos) and llama ( Lama glama) by ultrasound</atitle><jtitle>Animal reproduction science</jtitle><addtitle>Anim Reprod Sci</addtitle><date>1997-05-01</date><risdate>1997</risdate><volume>47</volume><issue>1</issue><spage>113</spage><epage>121</epage><pages>113-121</pages><issn>0378-4320</issn><eissn>1873-2232</eissn><abstract>An ultrasonography study of early pregnancy diagnosis was carried out in 19 alpacas and 12 llamas, after controlled matings. The aim was to determine the earliest gestational age at which pregnancy diagnosis by transrectal ultrasonography could be achieved, and to generate an empirical formula for gestational sac diameter (GSD) growth as a function of gestational age (
GA), allowing an estimate of
GA during the first month of pregnancy. We found that pregnancy diagnosis may be carried out as early as 9 days after mating in alpacas and 7 days in llamas. This diagnosis was found to be accurate at 23 days in alpacas and 34 days in llamas. The empirical relations that best describe the relationship between GSD and
GA were
GA =
log GSD + 1.2339/0.0585 r = 0.85, P > 0.001
in alpacas, and
GA =
log GSD + 1.2649/0.0546 r = 0.77, P > 0.001
in llamas, where
GA is measured in days and GSD in centimeters.
Our results also indicate that ultrasonography is a reliable technique for early pregnancy diagnosis. Furthermore, the empirical formulae reliably make it possible to estimate
GA from GSD during the first month of pregnancy and their use might improve the efficiency of camelid breeders.</abstract><cop>Netherlands</cop><pub>Elsevier B.V</pub><pmid>9233511</pmid><doi>10.1016/S0378-4320(96)01630-2</doi><tpages>9</tpages></addata></record> |
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| ispartof | Animal reproduction science, 1997-05, Vol.47 (1), p.113-121 |
| issn | 0378-4320 1873-2232 |
| language | eng |
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| source | MEDLINE; Elsevier ScienceDirect Journals |
| subjects | ALPACA ALPACAS ALPAGA Animals Camelids, New World - embryology Camelids, New World - physiology DIAGNOSIS DIAGNOSTIC DIAGNOSTICO Embryo, Mammalian - diagnostic imaging Embryo, Mammalian - physiology Female GESTACION GESTATION Gestational Age LAMA LLAMA LLAMAS Male Models, Biological PREGNANCY Pregnancy Tests - methods Pregnancy Tests - veterinary Pregnancy, Animal - physiology ULTRASON ULTRASONICS ULTRASONIDO Ultrasonography, Prenatal - methods Ultrasonography, Prenatal - veterinary Ultrasound Uterus - diagnostic imaging Uterus - physiology |
| title | Early pregnancy diagnosis in alpaca ( Lama pacos) and llama ( Lama glama) by ultrasound |
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