Effects of heterogeneous absorption of laser radiation in biotissue ablation: Characterization of ablation of fat with a pulsed CO2 laser
Background and Objective Physicians encounter several clinical situations in which fat must be removed. In this study, the characterization of fat ablation produced by a pulsed CO2 laser is reported. Study Design/Materials and Methods An RF excited 800 μs pulsed CO2 laser operating at 10.6 μm was us...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Lasers in surgery and medicine 1997, Vol.21 (1), p.59-64 |
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| creator | Ross, E. Victor Domankevitz, Yacov Anderson, R. Rox |
| description | Background and Objective
Physicians encounter several clinical situations in which fat must be removed. In this study, the characterization of fat ablation produced by a pulsed CO2 laser is reported.
Study Design/Materials and Methods
An RF excited 800 μs pulsed CO2 laser operating at 10.6 μm was used to ablate fresh porcine fat. The heat of ablation and ablation threshold were determined using a mass loss technique. Absorption coefficients for fat and dermis were determined by attenuated total reflection spectroscopy.
Results
Threshold radiant exposure and heat of ablation for fat were calculated from the mass loss measurements to be 1.05 J/cm2 and 2.4 J/cm3, respectively. The absorption coefficients of fat and dermis at 10.6 μm were 250 and 780 cm−1, respectively. Pulsed CO2 laser ablation of fat caused ejection of fat droplets, which ignited after high fluence pulses.
Conclusion
A pulsed CO2 laser can effectively ablate fat with a threshold fluence and efficiency comparable to other soft tissues. Our data suggest that fat ablation occurs primarily through the ejection of intact fat particles via the explosive vaporization of intervening water “lakes.” Lasers Surg. Med. 21:59–64, 1997. © 1997 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1002/(SICI)1096-9101(1997)21:1<59::AID-LSM9>3.0.CO;2-X |
| format | Article |
| fullrecord | <record><control><sourceid>proquest_cross</sourceid><recordid>TN_cdi_proquest_miscellaneous_79144437</recordid><sourceformat>XML</sourceformat><sourcesystem>PC</sourcesystem><sourcerecordid>79144437</sourcerecordid><originalsourceid>FETCH-LOGICAL-c4219-a291bf025e18121f6750af217009728c68adca306eca212cfbb1185d3c81a68c3</originalsourceid><addsrcrecordid>eNp9UV1vEzEQPCFQSQs_AekeEGofLqx9nw4IqTpKiRQIqKD2bbXns4nLJZfadyrlH_Cv8SVpeADxtOuZ8Xi9EwSCwZgB8JfHF9NyesJAZJHH2DETIj_hbMJep2IyOZ2-jWYXH8SbeAzjcv6KR1cPgtFe_TAYAfN9AYI_Dg6duwaAmEN-EBwIzossYaPg15nWSnYubHW4UJ2y7Te1Um3vQqpca9edaVcD15BTNrRUG9pAZhVWpu2Mc73y0maDTsJyQZaktzE_6f7qPTv0mrrw1nSLkMJ13zhVh-Wcb82fBI80eejprh4FX9-dfSnfR7P5-bQ8nUUy4UxExAWrNPBUsYJxprM8BdKc5QAi54XMCqolxZApSZxxqauKsSKtY1kwygoZHwUvtr5r2970ynW4NE6qpqHNvzEXLEmSOPfCz1uhtK1zVmlcW7Mke4cMcIgHcYgHh4XjsHAc4kHuK6YC0ceDQzwYI2A5R45X3vPZ7vG-Wqp677jLw_PPdzw5SY22tJLG7WU8T1KA7M9ot6ZRd3_N9b-x_jHV5uw9o62ncZ36sfck-x2zPM5TvPx4juLyE0CaxljGvwEk3MaC</addsrcrecordid><sourcetype>Aggregation Database</sourcetype><iscdi>true</iscdi><recordtype>article</recordtype><pqid>79144437</pqid></control><display><type>article</type><title>Effects of heterogeneous absorption of laser radiation in biotissue ablation: Characterization of ablation of fat with a pulsed CO2 laser</title><source>MEDLINE</source><source>Wiley Online Library All Journals</source><creator>Ross, E. Victor ; Domankevitz, Yacov ; Anderson, R. Rox</creator><creatorcontrib>Ross, E. Victor ; Domankevitz, Yacov ; Anderson, R. Rox</creatorcontrib><description>Background and Objective
Physicians encounter several clinical situations in which fat must be removed. In this study, the characterization of fat ablation produced by a pulsed CO2 laser is reported.
Study Design/Materials and Methods
An RF excited 800 μs pulsed CO2 laser operating at 10.6 μm was used to ablate fresh porcine fat. The heat of ablation and ablation threshold were determined using a mass loss technique. Absorption coefficients for fat and dermis were determined by attenuated total reflection spectroscopy.
Results
Threshold radiant exposure and heat of ablation for fat were calculated from the mass loss measurements to be 1.05 J/cm2 and 2.4 J/cm3, respectively. The absorption coefficients of fat and dermis at 10.6 μm were 250 and 780 cm−1, respectively. Pulsed CO2 laser ablation of fat caused ejection of fat droplets, which ignited after high fluence pulses.
Conclusion
A pulsed CO2 laser can effectively ablate fat with a threshold fluence and efficiency comparable to other soft tissues. Our data suggest that fat ablation occurs primarily through the ejection of intact fat particles via the explosive vaporization of intervening water “lakes.” Lasers Surg. Med. 21:59–64, 1997. © 1997 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0196-8092</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1096-9101</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1002/(SICI)1096-9101(1997)21:1<59::AID-LSM9>3.0.CO;2-X</identifier><identifier>PMID: 9228641</identifier><identifier>CODEN: LSMEDI</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>New York: John Wiley & Sons, Inc</publisher><subject>Adipose Tissue - surgery ; Animals ; Biological and medical sciences ; CO2 laser ; Diseases of the skin. Cosmetics ; fat ; In Vitro Techniques ; laser ablation ; Laser Therapy - methods ; mass loss ; Medical sciences ; Radiotherapy. Instrumental treatment. Physiotherapy. Reeducation. Rehabilitation, orthophony, crenotherapy. Diet therapy and various other treatments (general aspects) ; Swine</subject><ispartof>Lasers in surgery and medicine, 1997, Vol.21 (1), p.59-64</ispartof><rights>Copyright © 1997 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.</rights><rights>1997 INIST-CNRS</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c4219-a291bf025e18121f6750af217009728c68adca306eca212cfbb1185d3c81a68c3</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002%2F%28SICI%291096-9101%281997%2921%3A1%3C59%3A%3AAID-LSM9%3E3.0.CO%3B2-X$$EPDF$$P50$$Gwiley$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002%2F%28SICI%291096-9101%281997%2921%3A1%3C59%3A%3AAID-LSM9%3E3.0.CO%3B2-X$$EHTML$$P50$$Gwiley$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,780,784,1417,4024,27923,27924,27925,45574,45575</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttp://pascal-francis.inist.fr/vibad/index.php?action=getRecordDetail&idt=2745006$$DView record in Pascal Francis$$Hfree_for_read</backlink><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9228641$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Ross, E. Victor</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Domankevitz, Yacov</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Anderson, R. Rox</creatorcontrib><title>Effects of heterogeneous absorption of laser radiation in biotissue ablation: Characterization of ablation of fat with a pulsed CO2 laser</title><title>Lasers in surgery and medicine</title><addtitle>Lasers Surg. Med</addtitle><description>Background and Objective
Physicians encounter several clinical situations in which fat must be removed. In this study, the characterization of fat ablation produced by a pulsed CO2 laser is reported.
Study Design/Materials and Methods
An RF excited 800 μs pulsed CO2 laser operating at 10.6 μm was used to ablate fresh porcine fat. The heat of ablation and ablation threshold were determined using a mass loss technique. Absorption coefficients for fat and dermis were determined by attenuated total reflection spectroscopy.
Results
Threshold radiant exposure and heat of ablation for fat were calculated from the mass loss measurements to be 1.05 J/cm2 and 2.4 J/cm3, respectively. The absorption coefficients of fat and dermis at 10.6 μm were 250 and 780 cm−1, respectively. Pulsed CO2 laser ablation of fat caused ejection of fat droplets, which ignited after high fluence pulses.
Conclusion
A pulsed CO2 laser can effectively ablate fat with a threshold fluence and efficiency comparable to other soft tissues. Our data suggest that fat ablation occurs primarily through the ejection of intact fat particles via the explosive vaporization of intervening water “lakes.” Lasers Surg. Med. 21:59–64, 1997. © 1997 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.</description><subject>Adipose Tissue - surgery</subject><subject>Animals</subject><subject>Biological and medical sciences</subject><subject>CO2 laser</subject><subject>Diseases of the skin. Cosmetics</subject><subject>fat</subject><subject>In Vitro Techniques</subject><subject>laser ablation</subject><subject>Laser Therapy - methods</subject><subject>mass loss</subject><subject>Medical sciences</subject><subject>Radiotherapy. Instrumental treatment. Physiotherapy. Reeducation. Rehabilitation, orthophony, crenotherapy. Diet therapy and various other treatments (general aspects)</subject><subject>Swine</subject><issn>0196-8092</issn><issn>1096-9101</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>1997</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><recordid>eNp9UV1vEzEQPCFQSQs_AekeEGofLqx9nw4IqTpKiRQIqKD2bbXns4nLJZfadyrlH_Cv8SVpeADxtOuZ8Xi9EwSCwZgB8JfHF9NyesJAZJHH2DETIj_hbMJep2IyOZ2-jWYXH8SbeAzjcv6KR1cPgtFe_TAYAfN9AYI_Dg6duwaAmEN-EBwIzossYaPg15nWSnYubHW4UJ2y7Te1Um3vQqpca9edaVcD15BTNrRUG9pAZhVWpu2Mc73y0maDTsJyQZaktzE_6f7qPTv0mrrw1nSLkMJ13zhVh-Wcb82fBI80eejprh4FX9-dfSnfR7P5-bQ8nUUy4UxExAWrNPBUsYJxprM8BdKc5QAi54XMCqolxZApSZxxqauKsSKtY1kwygoZHwUvtr5r2970ynW4NE6qpqHNvzEXLEmSOPfCz1uhtK1zVmlcW7Mke4cMcIgHcYgHh4XjsHAc4kHuK6YC0ceDQzwYI2A5R45X3vPZ7vG-Wqp677jLw_PPdzw5SY22tJLG7WU8T1KA7M9ot6ZRd3_N9b-x_jHV5uw9o62ncZ36sfck-x2zPM5TvPx4juLyE0CaxljGvwEk3MaC</recordid><startdate>1997</startdate><enddate>1997</enddate><creator>Ross, E. Victor</creator><creator>Domankevitz, Yacov</creator><creator>Anderson, R. Rox</creator><general>John Wiley & Sons, Inc</general><general>Wiley-Liss</general><scope>BSCLL</scope><scope>IQODW</scope><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7X8</scope></search><sort><creationdate>1997</creationdate><title>Effects of heterogeneous absorption of laser radiation in biotissue ablation: Characterization of ablation of fat with a pulsed CO2 laser</title><author>Ross, E. Victor ; Domankevitz, Yacov ; Anderson, R. Rox</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c4219-a291bf025e18121f6750af217009728c68adca306eca212cfbb1185d3c81a68c3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>1997</creationdate><topic>Adipose Tissue - surgery</topic><topic>Animals</topic><topic>Biological and medical sciences</topic><topic>CO2 laser</topic><topic>Diseases of the skin. Cosmetics</topic><topic>fat</topic><topic>In Vitro Techniques</topic><topic>laser ablation</topic><topic>Laser Therapy - methods</topic><topic>mass loss</topic><topic>Medical sciences</topic><topic>Radiotherapy. Instrumental treatment. Physiotherapy. Reeducation. Rehabilitation, orthophony, crenotherapy. Diet therapy and various other treatments (general aspects)</topic><topic>Swine</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Ross, E. Victor</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Domankevitz, Yacov</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Anderson, R. Rox</creatorcontrib><collection>Istex</collection><collection>Pascal-Francis</collection><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><jtitle>Lasers in surgery and medicine</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Ross, E. Victor</au><au>Domankevitz, Yacov</au><au>Anderson, R. Rox</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Effects of heterogeneous absorption of laser radiation in biotissue ablation: Characterization of ablation of fat with a pulsed CO2 laser</atitle><jtitle>Lasers in surgery and medicine</jtitle><addtitle>Lasers Surg. Med</addtitle><date>1997</date><risdate>1997</risdate><volume>21</volume><issue>1</issue><spage>59</spage><epage>64</epage><pages>59-64</pages><issn>0196-8092</issn><eissn>1096-9101</eissn><coden>LSMEDI</coden><abstract>Background and Objective
Physicians encounter several clinical situations in which fat must be removed. In this study, the characterization of fat ablation produced by a pulsed CO2 laser is reported.
Study Design/Materials and Methods
An RF excited 800 μs pulsed CO2 laser operating at 10.6 μm was used to ablate fresh porcine fat. The heat of ablation and ablation threshold were determined using a mass loss technique. Absorption coefficients for fat and dermis were determined by attenuated total reflection spectroscopy.
Results
Threshold radiant exposure and heat of ablation for fat were calculated from the mass loss measurements to be 1.05 J/cm2 and 2.4 J/cm3, respectively. The absorption coefficients of fat and dermis at 10.6 μm were 250 and 780 cm−1, respectively. Pulsed CO2 laser ablation of fat caused ejection of fat droplets, which ignited after high fluence pulses.
Conclusion
A pulsed CO2 laser can effectively ablate fat with a threshold fluence and efficiency comparable to other soft tissues. Our data suggest that fat ablation occurs primarily through the ejection of intact fat particles via the explosive vaporization of intervening water “lakes.” Lasers Surg. Med. 21:59–64, 1997. © 1997 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.</abstract><cop>New York</cop><pub>John Wiley & Sons, Inc</pub><pmid>9228641</pmid><doi>10.1002/(SICI)1096-9101(1997)21:1<59::AID-LSM9>3.0.CO;2-X</doi><tpages>6</tpages></addata></record> |
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| ispartof | Lasers in surgery and medicine, 1997, Vol.21 (1), p.59-64 |
| issn | 0196-8092 1096-9101 |
| language | eng |
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| source | MEDLINE; Wiley Online Library All Journals |
| subjects | Adipose Tissue - surgery Animals Biological and medical sciences CO2 laser Diseases of the skin. Cosmetics fat In Vitro Techniques laser ablation Laser Therapy - methods mass loss Medical sciences Radiotherapy. Instrumental treatment. Physiotherapy. Reeducation. Rehabilitation, orthophony, crenotherapy. Diet therapy and various other treatments (general aspects) Swine |
| title | Effects of heterogeneous absorption of laser radiation in biotissue ablation: Characterization of ablation of fat with a pulsed CO2 laser |
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